352 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
352 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
# Node exporter
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[][circleci]
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[](https://buildkite.com/prometheus/node-exporter)
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[][quay]
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[][hub]
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[][goreportcard]
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Prometheus exporter for hardware and OS metrics exposed by \*NIX kernels, written
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in Go with pluggable metric collectors.
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The [Windows exporter](https://github.com/prometheus-community/windows_exporter) is recommended for Windows users.
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To expose NVIDIA GPU metrics, [prometheus-dcgm
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](https://github.com/NVIDIA/dcgm-exporter)
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can be used.
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## Installation and Usage
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If you are new to Prometheus and `node_exporter` there is a [simple step-by-step guide](https://prometheus.io/docs/guides/node-exporter/).
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The `node_exporter` listens on HTTP port 9100 by default. See the `--help` output for more options.
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### Ansible
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For automated installs with [Ansible](https://www.ansible.com/), there is the [Cloud Alchemy role](https://github.com/cloudalchemy/ansible-node-exporter).
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### RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
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There is a [community-supplied COPR repository](https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/ibotty/prometheus-exporters/) which closely follows upstream releases.
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### Docker
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The `node_exporter` is designed to monitor the host system. It's not recommended
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to deploy it as a Docker container because it requires access to the host system.
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For situations where Docker deployment is needed, some extra flags must be used to allow
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the `node_exporter` access to the host namespaces.
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Be aware that any non-root mount points you want to monitor will need to be bind-mounted
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into the container.
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If you start container for host monitoring, specify `path.rootfs` argument.
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This argument must match path in bind-mount of host root. The node\_exporter will use
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`path.rootfs` as prefix to access host filesystem.
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```bash
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docker run -d \
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--net="host" \
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--pid="host" \
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-v "/:/host:ro,rslave" \
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quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter:latest \
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--path.rootfs=/host
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```
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For Docker compose, similar flag changes are needed.
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```yaml
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---
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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node_exporter:
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image: quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter:latest
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container_name: node_exporter
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command:
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- '--path.rootfs=/host'
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network_mode: host
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pid: host
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restart: unless-stopped
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volumes:
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- '/:/host:ro,rslave'
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```
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On some systems, the `timex` collector requires an additional Docker flag,
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`--cap-add=SYS_TIME`, in order to access the required syscalls.
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## Collectors
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There is varying support for collectors on each operating system. The tables
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below list all existing collectors and the supported systems.
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Collectors are enabled by providing a `--collector.<name>` flag.
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Collectors that are enabled by default can be disabled by providing a `--no-collector.<name>` flag.
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To enable only some specific collector(s), use `--collector.disable-defaults --collector.<name> ...`.
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### Enabled by default
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Name | Description | OS
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---------|-------------|----
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arp | Exposes ARP statistics from `/proc/net/arp`. | Linux
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bcache | Exposes bcache statistics from `/sys/fs/bcache/`. | Linux
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bonding | Exposes the number of configured and active slaves of Linux bonding interfaces. | Linux
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btrfs | Exposes btrfs statistics | Linux
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boottime | Exposes system boot time derived from the `kern.boottime` sysctl. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris
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conntrack | Shows conntrack statistics (does nothing if no `/proc/sys/net/netfilter/` present). | Linux
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cpu | Exposes CPU statistics | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, OpenBSD
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cpufreq | Exposes CPU frequency statistics | Linux, Solaris
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diskstats | Exposes disk I/O statistics. | Darwin, Linux, OpenBSD
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dmi | Expose Desktop Management Interface (DMI) info from `/sys/class/dmi/id/` | Linux
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edac | Exposes error detection and correction statistics. | Linux
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entropy | Exposes available entropy. | Linux
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exec | Exposes execution statistics. | Dragonfly, FreeBSD
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fibrechannel | Exposes fibre channel information and statistics from `/sys/class/fc_host/`. | Linux
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filefd | Exposes file descriptor statistics from `/proc/sys/fs/file-nr`. | Linux
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filesystem | Exposes filesystem statistics, such as disk space used. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD
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hwmon | Expose hardware monitoring and sensor data from `/sys/class/hwmon/`. | Linux
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infiniband | Exposes network statistics specific to InfiniBand and Intel OmniPath configurations. | Linux
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ipvs | Exposes IPVS status from `/proc/net/ip_vs` and stats from `/proc/net/ip_vs_stats`. | Linux
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loadavg | Exposes load average. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris
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mdadm | Exposes statistics about devices in `/proc/mdstat` (does nothing if no `/proc/mdstat` present). | Linux
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meminfo | Exposes memory statistics. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD
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netclass | Exposes network interface info from `/sys/class/net/` | Linux
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netdev | Exposes network interface statistics such as bytes transferred. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD
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netstat | Exposes network statistics from `/proc/net/netstat`. This is the same information as `netstat -s`. | Linux
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nfs | Exposes NFS client statistics from `/proc/net/rpc/nfs`. This is the same information as `nfsstat -c`. | Linux
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nfsd | Exposes NFS kernel server statistics from `/proc/net/rpc/nfsd`. This is the same information as `nfsstat -s`. | Linux
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nvme | Exposes NVMe info from `/sys/class/nvme/` | Linux
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os | Expose OS release info from `/etc/os-release` or `/usr/lib/os-release` | _any_
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powersupplyclass | Exposes Power Supply statistics from `/sys/class/power_supply` | Linux
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pressure | Exposes pressure stall statistics from `/proc/pressure/`. | Linux (kernel 4.20+ and/or [CONFIG\_PSI](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/accounting/psi.html))
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rapl | Exposes various statistics from `/sys/class/powercap`. | Linux
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schedstat | Exposes task scheduler statistics from `/proc/schedstat`. | Linux
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selinux | Exposes SELinux statistics. | Linux
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sockstat | Exposes various statistics from `/proc/net/sockstat`. | Linux
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softnet | Exposes statistics from `/proc/net/softnet_stat`. | Linux
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stat | Exposes various statistics from `/proc/stat`. This includes boot time, forks and interrupts. | Linux
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tapestats | Exposes statistics from `/sys/class/scsi_tape`. | Linux
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textfile | Exposes statistics read from local disk. The `--collector.textfile.directory` flag must be set. | _any_
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thermal | Exposes thermal statistics like `pmset -g therm`. | Darwin
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thermal\_zone | Exposes thermal zone & cooling device statistics from `/sys/class/thermal`. | Linux
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time | Exposes the current system time. | _any_
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timex | Exposes selected adjtimex(2) system call stats. | Linux
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udp_queues | Exposes UDP total lengths of the rx_queue and tx_queue from `/proc/net/udp` and `/proc/net/udp6`. | Linux
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uname | Exposes system information as provided by the uname system call. | Darwin, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD
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vmstat | Exposes statistics from `/proc/vmstat`. | Linux
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xfs | Exposes XFS runtime statistics. | Linux (kernel 4.4+)
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zfs | Exposes [ZFS](http://open-zfs.org/) performance statistics. | FreeBSD, [Linux](http://zfsonlinux.org/), Solaris
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### Disabled by default
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`node_exporter` also implements a number of collectors that are disabled by default. Reasons for this vary by
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collector, and may include:
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* High cardinality
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* Prolonged runtime that exceeds the Prometheus `scrape_interval` or `scrape_timeout`
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* Significant resource demands on the host
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You can enable additional collectors as desired by adding them to your
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init system's or service supervisor's startup configuration for
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`node_exporter` but caution is advised. Enable at most one at a time,
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testing first on a non-production system, then by hand on a single
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production node. When enabling additional collectors, you should
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carefully monitor the change by observing the `
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scrape_duration_seconds` metric to ensure that collection completes
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and does not time out. In addition, monitor the
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`scrape_samples_post_metric_relabeling` metric to see the changes in
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cardinality.
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Name | Description | OS
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buddyinfo | Exposes statistics of memory fragments as reported by /proc/buddyinfo. | Linux
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cgroups | A summary of the number of active and enabled cgroups | Linux
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devstat | Exposes device statistics | Dragonfly, FreeBSD
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drbd | Exposes Distributed Replicated Block Device statistics (to version 8.4) | Linux
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ethtool | Exposes network interface information and network driver statistics equivalent to `ethtool`, `ethtool -S`, and `ethtool -i`. | Linux
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interrupts | Exposes detailed interrupts statistics. | Linux, OpenBSD
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ksmd | Exposes kernel and system statistics from `/sys/kernel/mm/ksm`. | Linux
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lnstat | Exposes stats from `/proc/net/stat/`. | Linux
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logind | Exposes session counts from [logind](http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/logind/). | Linux
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meminfo\_numa | Exposes memory statistics from `/proc/meminfo_numa`. | Linux
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mountstats | Exposes filesystem statistics from `/proc/self/mountstats`. Exposes detailed NFS client statistics. | Linux
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network_route | Exposes the routing table as metrics | Linux
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ntp | Exposes local NTP daemon health to check [time](./docs/TIME.md) | _any_
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perf | Exposes perf based metrics (Warning: Metrics are dependent on kernel configuration and settings). | Linux
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processes | Exposes aggregate process statistics from `/proc`. | Linux
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qdisc | Exposes [queuing discipline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_scheduler#Linux_kernel) statistics | Linux
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runit | Exposes service status from [runit](http://smarden.org/runit/). | _any_
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slabinfo | Exposes slab statistics from `/proc/slabinfo`. Note that permission of `/proc/slabinfo` is usually 0400, so set it appropriately. | Linux
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supervisord | Exposes service status from [supervisord](http://supervisord.org/). | _any_
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sysctl | Expose sysctl values from `/proc/sys`. Use `--collector.sysctl.include(-info)` to configure. | Linux
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systemd | Exposes service and system status from [systemd](http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/). | Linux
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tcpstat | Exposes TCP connection status information from `/proc/net/tcp` and `/proc/net/tcp6`. (Warning: the current version has potential performance issues in high load situations.) | Linux
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wifi | Exposes WiFi device and station statistics. | Linux
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zoneinfo | Exposes NUMA memory zone metrics. | Linux
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### Perf Collector
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The `perf` collector may not work out of the box on some Linux systems due to kernel
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configuration and security settings. To allow access, set the following `sysctl`
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parameter:
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```
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sysctl -w kernel.perf_event_paranoid=X
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```
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- 2 allow only user-space measurements (default since Linux 4.6).
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- 1 allow both kernel and user measurements (default before Linux 4.6).
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- 0 allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples.
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- -1 no restrictions.
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Depending on the configured value different metrics will be available, for most
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cases `0` will provide the most complete set. For more information see [`man 2
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perf_event_open`](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/perf_event_open.2.html).
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By default, the `perf` collector will only collect metrics of the CPUs that
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`node_exporter` is running on (ie
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[`runtime.NumCPU`](https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#NumCPU). If this is
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insufficient (e.g. if you run `node_exporter` with its CPU affinity set to
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specific CPUs), you can specify a list of alternate CPUs by using the
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`--collector.perf.cpus` flag. For example, to collect metrics on CPUs 2-6, you
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would specify: `--collector.perf --collector.perf.cpus=2-6`. The CPU
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configuration is zero indexed and can also take a stride value; e.g.
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`--collector.perf --collector.perf.cpus=1-10:5` would collect on CPUs
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1, 5, and 10.
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The `perf` collector is also able to collect
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[tracepoint](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/core-api/tracepoint.html)
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counts when using the `--collector.perf.tracepoint` flag. Tracepoints can be
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found using [`perf list`](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/perf.1.html) or
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from debugfs. And example usage of this would be
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`--collector.perf.tracepoint="sched:sched_process_exec"`.
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### Sysctl Collector
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The `sysctl` collector can be enabled with `--collector.sysctl`. It supports exposing numeric sysctl values
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as metrics using the `--collector.sysctl.include` flag and string values as info metrics by using the
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`--collector.sysctl.include-info` flag. The flags can be repeated. For sysctl with multiple numeric values,
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an optional mapping can be given to expose each value as its own metric. Otherwise an `index` label is used
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to identify the different fields.
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#### Examples
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##### Numeric values
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###### Single values
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Using `--collector.sysctl.include=vm.user_reserve_kbytes`:
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`vm.user_reserve_kbytes = 131072` -> `node_sysctl_vm_user_reserve_kbytes 131072`
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###### Multiple values
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A sysctl can contain multiple values, for example:
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```
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net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 131072 6291456
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```
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Using `--collector.sysctl.include=net.ipv4.tcp_rmem` the collector will expose:
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```
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node_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_rmem{index="0"} 4096
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node_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_rmem{index="1"} 131072
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node_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_rmem{index="2"} 6291456
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```
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If the indexes have defined meaning like in this case, the values can be mapped to multiple metrics by appending the mapping to the --collector.sysctl.include flag:
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Using `--collector.sysctl.include=net.ipv4.tcp_rmem:min,default,max` the collector will expose:
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```
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node_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_rmem_min 4096
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node_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_rmem_default 131072
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node_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_rmem_max 6291456
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```
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##### String values
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String values need to be exposed as info metric. The user selects them by using the `--collector.sysctl.include-info` flag.
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###### Single values
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`kernel.core_pattern = core` -> `node_sysctl_info{key="kernel.core_pattern_info", value="core"} 1`
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###### Multiple values
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Given the following sysctl:
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```
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kernel.seccomp.actions_avail = kill_process kill_thread trap errno trace log allow
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```
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Setting `--collector.sysctl.include-info=kernel.seccomp.actions_avail` will yield:
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```
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node_sysctl_info{key="kernel.seccomp.actions_avail", index="0", value="kill_process"} 1
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node_sysctl_info{key="kernel.seccomp.actions_avail", index="1", value="kill_thread"} 1
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...
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```
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### Textfile Collector
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The `textfile` collector is similar to the [Pushgateway](https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway),
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in that it allows exporting of statistics from batch jobs. It can also be used
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to export static metrics, such as what role a machine has. The Pushgateway
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should be used for service-level metrics. The `textfile` module is for metrics
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that are tied to a machine.
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To use it, set the `--collector.textfile.directory` flag on the `node_exporter` commandline. The
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collector will parse all files in that directory matching the glob `*.prom`
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using the [text
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format](http://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/). **Note:** Timestamps are not supported.
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To atomically push completion time for a cron job:
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```
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echo my_batch_job_completion_time $(date +%s) > /path/to/directory/my_batch_job.prom.$$
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mv /path/to/directory/my_batch_job.prom.$$ /path/to/directory/my_batch_job.prom
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```
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To statically set roles for a machine using labels:
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```
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echo 'role{role="application_server"} 1' > /path/to/directory/role.prom.$$
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mv /path/to/directory/role.prom.$$ /path/to/directory/role.prom
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```
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### Filtering enabled collectors
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The `node_exporter` will expose all metrics from enabled collectors by default. This is the recommended way to collect metrics to avoid errors when comparing metrics of different families.
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For advanced use the `node_exporter` can be passed an optional list of collectors to filter metrics. The `collect[]` parameter may be used multiple times. In Prometheus configuration you can use this syntax under the [scrape config](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#<scrape_config>).
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```
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params:
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collect[]:
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- foo
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- bar
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```
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This can be useful for having different Prometheus servers collect specific metrics from nodes.
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## Development building and running
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Prerequisites:
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* [Go compiler](https://golang.org/dl/)
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* RHEL/CentOS: `glibc-static` package.
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Building:
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git clone https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter.git
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cd node_exporter
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make build
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./node_exporter <flags>
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To see all available configuration flags:
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./node_exporter -h
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## Running tests
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make test
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## TLS endpoint
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** EXPERIMENTAL **
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The exporter supports TLS via a new web configuration file.
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```console
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./node_exporter --web.config=web-config.yml
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```
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See the [exporter-toolkit https package](https://github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit/blob/v0.1.0/https/README.md) for more details.
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[travis]: https://travis-ci.org/prometheus/node_exporter
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[hub]: https://hub.docker.com/r/prom/node-exporter/
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[circleci]: https://circleci.com/gh/prometheus/node_exporter
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[quay]: https://quay.io/repository/prometheus/node-exporter
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[goreportcard]: https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
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