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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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2002-08-04 00:07:55 +00:00
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<TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE>
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<BODY>
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2002-08-21 22:58:19 +00:00
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<H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encoding with MEncoder</A></H2>
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2001-11-04 11:20:11 +00:00
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<P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
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designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
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(<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other
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MPlayer-playable formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like
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<B>DivX4</B> (1 or 2 passes), libavcodec,
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<B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBR MP3</B> audio. Also has powerful plugin system
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for video manipulation.</P>
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<H3><A NAME="compilation">2.4.1 Compilation</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instruction.</LI>
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<LI><B>OPTIONAL (LINUX ONLY)</B> - download the newest <B>DivX4linux</B> libs
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from <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>,
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and have them PROPERLY installed. You need them if you want DivX4
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(1/2 pass) encoding.</LI>
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<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <A HREF="codecs.html#xvid">download and install
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<B>XViD</B></A>. Not very useful, libavcodec's <I>mpeg4</I> codec
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can encode with much better speed AND quality than XViD or DivX4/5.</LI>
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<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - for libavcodec support, install libavcodec as
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described in the <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec section</A>.</LI>
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<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download and compile <B>libmp3lame</B> (from lame 3.89beta or lame CVS).<BR>
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<B>WARNING: DO NOT COMPILE LAME < 3.90 WITH <U>GCC 2.96</U>! It won't
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work properly!</B><BR>
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This
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is needed for CBR/VBR MP3 audio encoding ability. Note that a single
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<CODE>lame</CODE> binary isn't sufficient. BTW: the less optimization
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you use for lame, the better the quality will be. You can test
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quality by running <CODE>make test</CODE> after lame's compiling process
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is over. The resulting number should be less than <B>30</B>. Don't
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panic if it's <B>400</B> or so, you shouldn't heard any audible
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quality decrease. Oh, and if your compiler doesn't even run <CODE>make test</CODE> ...
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Well, delete that <B>GCC 2.96</B> or upgrade lame to at least <B>3.90</B>.</LI>
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<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> and <CODE>libpng</CODE> -
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as described in the <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A>
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section</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the
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<I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P>
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<H3><A NAME="features">2.4.2 MEncoder features</A></H3>
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<UL>
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<LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI>
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<LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's
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<A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A></LI>
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<LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI>
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<LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI>
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<LI>creating files from external audio stream</LI>
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<LI>1, 2 or 3 pass encoding</LI>
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<LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B> VBR MP3 audio doesn't
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always play nicely on Windows players! On the other hand, currently
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<B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR encoding is totally broken on Win32 players :)</LI>
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<LI>PCM audio</LI>
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<LI>stream copying</LI>
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<LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
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<LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
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29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
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<LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess,
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rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI>
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<LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI>
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<LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI>
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</UL>
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2002-08-20 00:33:04 +00:00
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<H4>Planned features:</H4>
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<UL>
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<LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
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(creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
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<LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI>
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</UL>
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<H4><A NAME="2pass">2.4.2.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></H4>
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<P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method
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encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>)
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creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not
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delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass
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output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The
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resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time
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you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the
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Net.</P>
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<P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two
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commands are needed:<BR>
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<CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which
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can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
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one)<BR>
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<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts
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-vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options
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-o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
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<P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding,
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where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables
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estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the
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audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P>
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<OL>
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<LI>Remove conflicting temporary file:
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<P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI>
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<LI>First pass:
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<P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -o frameno.avi</CODE></P>
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<P>An audio-only avi file will be created, containing
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<B>only</B> the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>,
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if you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, <B>MEncoder</B>
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prints the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb
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destination sizes, after this pass finishes.</P></LI>
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<LI>Second pass:
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<P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 1
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-ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></P>
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<P>Alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding.
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Optionally specify the video bitrate <B>MEncoder</B> printed at the end of
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the previous pass.</P></LI>
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<LI>Third pass:
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<P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 2
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-ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></P>
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<P>Alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding.
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Optionally specify the video bitrate <B>MEncoder</B> printed at the end of
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the previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will
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be inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</P></LI>
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</OL>
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<H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4>
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<P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file,
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which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
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one)<BR>
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<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
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-o frameno.avi<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2
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-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2
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-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
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<P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U>
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Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may give
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you better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass
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rate controler with libavcodec.</P>
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2002-04-24 16:47:37 +00:00
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<UL>
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<LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR>
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<CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o
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movie.avi<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o
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movie.avi</CODE></LI>
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<LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR>
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<CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o
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movie.avi<BR>
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mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o
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movie.avi</CODE></LI>
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</UL>
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2002-08-21 20:28:44 +00:00
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<H4><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2.2 Rescaling movies</A></H4>
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2001-12-10 17:37:18 +00:00
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<P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many,
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examples are decreasing output file size, encoding SVCDs to DivX. Ripped DVDs
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are mostly rescaled, for example a 4:3 DVD should be 640x480, especially
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when you want it to fit to 1 CD, and have good quality at the same time.
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SVCDs have 480x480 size, and their header contains the aspect ratio the
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player should use (Ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to
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AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this
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value. Thus, the only solution is rescaling.</P>
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<P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter:
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<CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the
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<CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0:
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fast bilinear.</P>
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<P>Usage:<BR>
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<CODE> mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -lavcopts
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vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o
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output.avi</CODE></P>
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2002-02-12 22:34:35 +00:00
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2002-08-21 20:28:44 +00:00
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<H4><A NAME="copying">2.4.2.3 Stream copying</A></H4>
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<P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or
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<B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be
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done :)<BR>
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Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into
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an AVI file. Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it
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probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying
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can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded
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(like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI>
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<LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward.
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It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it
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into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE>
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option for this.</LI>
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</UL>
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2002-02-12 22:34:35 +00:00
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2002-08-21 20:28:44 +00:00
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<H4><A NAME="fixing">2.4.2.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H4>
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2001-12-18 17:07:21 +00:00
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<P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
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2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
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<B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs
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in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken
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interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them
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anymore.</P>
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2001-12-18 17:07:21 +00:00
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2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
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<P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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2001-12-18 17:07:21 +00:00
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2001-12-24 23:00:07 +00:00
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2002-08-21 20:28:44 +00:00
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<H4><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.2.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H4>
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2001-12-24 23:00:07 +00:00
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2002-08-04 22:13:09 +00:00
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<P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a
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2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
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lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
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unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P>
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2001-12-24 23:00:07 +00:00
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<UL>
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<LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
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2001-12-26 21:45:23 +00:00
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<LI>h263 - H263</LI>
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2001-12-24 23:00:07 +00:00
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<LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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<LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI>
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<LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI>
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2002-05-04 18:25:48 +00:00
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<LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI>
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2001-12-24 23:00:07 +00:00
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<LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI>
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<LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
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2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
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<CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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2001-12-24 23:00:07 +00:00
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2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
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<P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR>
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2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
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<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc
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-lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>
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2001-12-31 01:12:55 +00:00
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2002-02-12 22:34:35 +00:00
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2002-08-21 20:28:44 +00:00
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<H4><A NAME="image_files">2.4.2.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</A></H4>
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2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
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<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG or PNG
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files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG) or MPNG
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(Motion PNG) files.</P>
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2002-08-27 18:06:07 +00:00
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Explanation of the process:
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
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2002-08-27 18:06:07 +00:00
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<OL>
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<LI><B>MEncoder</B> <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with <CODE>libjpeg</CODE>
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(when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</LI>
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
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2002-08-27 18:06:07 +00:00
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<LI><B>MEncoder</B> then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor
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(DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as
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currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs
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that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</LI>
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</OL>
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
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2002-08-20 00:33:04 +00:00
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<H4>Examples</H4>
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
|
|
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<P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the
|
2002-08-04 22:13:09 +00:00
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global <A HREF="#options">Options</A> section and in the man page.</P>
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
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2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
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<P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
|
2002-05-21 19:05:49 +00:00
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<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
|
|
|
output.avi</CODE></P>
|
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|
2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
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<P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
|
2002-03-28 17:30:46 +00:00
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<CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
|
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|
output.avi</CODE></P>
|
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|
2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
|
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|
<P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
|
|
|
<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy
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|
-o output.avi</CODE></P>
|
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|
2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
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|
<P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
|
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|
<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o
|
|
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|
|
output.avi</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
|
|
|
<P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
|
2002-03-03 10:54:03 +00:00
|
|
|
<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
|
|
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|
|
-o output.avi</CODE></P>
|
|
|
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|
2002-08-21 20:28:44 +00:00
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|
<H4><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.2.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</A></H4>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-07-13 14:23:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into
|
2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
|
|
|
Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. <B>MPlayer</B> can play these with the
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-07-13 14:23:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or
|
2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE>
|
|
|
|
|
and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-07-13 14:23:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to
|
2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
|
|
|
indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE>
|
|
|
|
|
file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know
|
|
|
|
|
what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-07-13 14:23:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and
|
2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before
|
|
|
|
|
starting.</P>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-08-20 00:33:04 +00:00
|
|
|
<H4>Examples</H4>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR>
|
2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0
|
|
|
|
|
-sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout
|
|
|
|
|
subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR>
|
2002-08-10 20:26:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles
|
|
|
|
|
-vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
|
2002-07-11 21:47:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-08-20 00:33:04 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-08-21 20:28:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<H3><A NAME="options">2.4.3 Available options</A></H3>
|
2002-07-13 14:23:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-08-20 00:36:58 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>For the complete list of available <B>MEncoder</B> options and examples, please
|
|
|
|
|
see the man page.</P>
|
2002-06-14 01:44:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2001-11-04 11:20:11 +00:00
|
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
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|
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</HTML>
|
