424 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
424 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
# Alertmanager [][circleci]
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[][quay]
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[][hub]
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The Alertmanager handles alerts sent by client applications such as the Prometheus server. It takes care of deduplicating, grouping, and routing them to the correct receiver integrations such as email, PagerDuty, or OpsGenie. It also takes care of silencing and inhibition of alerts.
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* [Documentation](http://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/alertmanager/)
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## Install
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There are various ways of installing Alertmanager.
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### Precompiled binaries
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Precompiled binaries for released versions are available in the
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[*download* section](https://prometheus.io/download/)
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on [prometheus.io](https://prometheus.io). Using the latest production release binary
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is the recommended way of installing Alertmanager.
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### Docker images
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Docker images are available on [Quay.io](https://quay.io/repository/prometheus/alertmanager) or [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/prom/alertmanager/).
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You can launch an Alertmanager container for trying it out with
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$ docker run --name alertmanager -d -p 127.0.0.1:9093:9093 quay.io/prometheus/alertmanager
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Alertmanager will now be reachable at http://localhost:9093/.
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### Compiling the binary
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You can either `go get` it:
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```
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$ GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1 go get github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/cmd/...
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# cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/prometheus/alertmanager
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$ alertmanager --config.file=<your_file>
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```
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Or clone the repository and build manually:
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```
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$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/prometheus
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$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/prometheus
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$ git clone https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager.git
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$ cd alertmanager
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$ make build
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$ ./alertmanager --config.file=<your_file>
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```
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You can also build just one of the binaries in this repo by passing a name to the build function:
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```
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$ make build BINARIES=amtool
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```
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## Example
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This is an example configuration that should cover most relevant aspects of the new YAML configuration format. The full documentation of the configuration can be found [here](https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/configuration/).
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```yaml
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global:
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# The smarthost and SMTP sender used for mail notifications.
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smtp_smarthost: 'localhost:25'
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smtp_from: 'alertmanager@example.org'
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# The root route on which each incoming alert enters.
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route:
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# The root route must not have any matchers as it is the entry point for
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# all alerts. It needs to have a receiver configured so alerts that do not
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# match any of the sub-routes are sent to someone.
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receiver: 'team-X-mails'
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# The labels by which incoming alerts are grouped together. For example,
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# multiple alerts coming in for cluster=A and alertname=LatencyHigh would
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# be batched into a single group.
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#
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# To aggregate by all possible labels use '...' as the sole label name.
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# This effectively disables aggregation entirely, passing through all
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# alerts as-is. This is unlikely to be what you want, unless you have
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# a very low alert volume or your upstream notification system performs
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# its own grouping. Example: group_by: [...]
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group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster']
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# When a new group of alerts is created by an incoming alert, wait at
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# least 'group_wait' to send the initial notification.
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# This way ensures that you get multiple alerts for the same group that start
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# firing shortly after another are batched together on the first
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# notification.
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group_wait: 30s
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# When the first notification was sent, wait 'group_interval' to send a batch
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# of new alerts that started firing for that group.
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group_interval: 5m
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# If an alert has successfully been sent, wait 'repeat_interval' to
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# resend them.
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repeat_interval: 3h
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# All the above attributes are inherited by all child routes and can
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# overwritten on each.
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# The child route trees.
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routes:
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# This routes performs a regular expression match on alert labels to
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# catch alerts that are related to a list of services.
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- match_re:
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service: ^(foo1|foo2|baz)$
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receiver: team-X-mails
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# The service has a sub-route for critical alerts, any alerts
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# that do not match, i.e. severity != critical, fall-back to the
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# parent node and are sent to 'team-X-mails'
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routes:
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- match:
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severity: critical
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receiver: team-X-pager
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- match:
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service: files
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receiver: team-Y-mails
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routes:
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- match:
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severity: critical
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receiver: team-Y-pager
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# This route handles all alerts coming from a database service. If there's
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# no team to handle it, it defaults to the DB team.
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- match:
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service: database
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receiver: team-DB-pager
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# Also group alerts by affected database.
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group_by: [alertname, cluster, database]
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routes:
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- match:
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owner: team-X
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receiver: team-X-pager
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- match:
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owner: team-Y
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receiver: team-Y-pager
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# Inhibition rules allow to mute a set of alerts given that another alert is
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# firing.
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# We use this to mute any warning-level notifications if the same alert is
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# already critical.
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inhibit_rules:
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- source_matchers:
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- severity="critical"
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target_matchers:
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- severity="warning"
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# Apply inhibition if the alertname is the same.
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# CAUTION:
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# If all label names listed in `equal` are missing
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# from both the source and target alerts,
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# the inhibition rule will apply!
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equal: ['alertname']
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receivers:
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- name: 'team-X-mails'
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email_configs:
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- to: 'team-X+alerts@example.org, team-Y+alerts@example.org'
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- name: 'team-X-pager'
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email_configs:
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- to: 'team-X+alerts-critical@example.org'
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pagerduty_configs:
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- routing_key: <team-X-key>
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- name: 'team-Y-mails'
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email_configs:
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- to: 'team-Y+alerts@example.org'
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- name: 'team-Y-pager'
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pagerduty_configs:
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- routing_key: <team-Y-key>
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- name: 'team-DB-pager'
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pagerduty_configs:
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- routing_key: <team-DB-key>
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```
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## API
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The current Alertmanager API is version 2. This API is fully generated via the
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[OpenAPI project](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md)
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and [Go Swagger](https://github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/) with the exception
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of the HTTP handlers themselves. The API specification can be found in
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[api/v2/openapi.yaml](api/v2/openapi.yaml). A HTML rendered version can be
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accessed [here](http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prometheus/alertmanager/main/api/v2/openapi.yaml).
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Clients can be easily generated via any OpenAPI generator for all major languages.
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With the default config, endpoints are accessed under a `/api/v1` or `/api/v2` prefix.
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The v2 `/status` endpoint would be `/api/v2/status`. If `--web.route-prefix` is set then API routes are
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prefixed with that as well, so `--web.route-prefix=/alertmanager/` would
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relate to `/alertmanager/api/v2/status`.
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_API v2 is still under heavy development and thereby subject to change._
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## amtool
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`amtool` is a cli tool for interacting with the Alertmanager API. It is bundled with all releases of Alertmanager.
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### Install
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Alternatively you can install with:
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```
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$ go install github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/cmd/amtool@latest
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```
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### Examples
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View all currently firing alerts:
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```
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$ amtool alert
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Alertname Starts At Summary
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Test_Alert 2017-08-02 18:30:18 UTC This is a testing alert!
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Test_Alert 2017-08-02 18:30:18 UTC This is a testing alert!
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Check_Foo_Fails 2017-08-02 18:30:18 UTC This is a testing alert!
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Check_Foo_Fails 2017-08-02 18:30:18 UTC This is a testing alert!
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```
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View all currently firing alerts with extended output:
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```
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$ amtool -o extended alert
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Labels Annotations Starts At Ends At Generator URL
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alertname="Test_Alert" instance="node0" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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alertname="Test_Alert" instance="node1" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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alertname="Check_Foo_Fails" instance="node0" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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alertname="Check_Foo_Fails" instance="node1" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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```
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In addition to viewing alerts, you can use the rich query syntax provided by Alertmanager:
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```
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$ amtool -o extended alert query alertname="Test_Alert"
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Labels Annotations Starts At Ends At Generator URL
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alertname="Test_Alert" instance="node0" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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alertname="Test_Alert" instance="node1" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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$ amtool -o extended alert query instance=~".+1"
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Labels Annotations Starts At Ends At Generator URL
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alertname="Test_Alert" instance="node1" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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alertname="Check_Foo_Fails" instance="node1" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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$ amtool -o extended alert query alertname=~"Test.*" instance=~".+1"
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Labels Annotations Starts At Ends At Generator URL
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alertname="Test_Alert" instance="node1" link="https://example.com" summary="This is a testing alert!" 2017-08-02 18:31:24 UTC 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC http://my.testing.script.local
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```
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Silence an alert:
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```
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$ amtool silence add alertname=Test_Alert
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b3ede22e-ca14-4aa0-932c-ca2f3445f926
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$ amtool silence add alertname="Test_Alert" instance=~".+0"
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e48cb58a-0b17-49ba-b734-3585139b1d25
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```
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View silences:
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```
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$ amtool silence query
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ID Matchers Ends At Created By Comment
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b3ede22e-ca14-4aa0-932c-ca2f3445f926 alertname=Test_Alert 2017-08-02 19:54:50 UTC kellel
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$ amtool silence query instance=~".+0"
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ID Matchers Ends At Created By Comment
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e48cb58a-0b17-49ba-b734-3585139b1d25 alertname=Test_Alert instance=~.+0 2017-08-02 22:41:39 UTC kellel
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```
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Expire a silence:
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```
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$ amtool silence expire b3ede22e-ca14-4aa0-932c-ca2f3445f926
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```
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Expire all silences matching a query:
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```
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$ amtool silence query instance=~".+0"
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ID Matchers Ends At Created By Comment
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e48cb58a-0b17-49ba-b734-3585139b1d25 alertname=Test_Alert instance=~.+0 2017-08-02 22:41:39 UTC kellel
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$ amtool silence expire $(amtool silence query -q instance=~".+0")
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$ amtool silence query instance=~".+0"
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```
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Expire all silences:
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```
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$ amtool silence expire $(amtool silence query -q)
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```
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Try out how a template works. Let's say you have this in your configuration file:
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```
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templates:
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- '/foo/bar/*.tmpl'
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```
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Then you can test out how a template would look like with example by using this command:
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```
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amtool template render --template.glob='/foo/bar/*.tmpl' --template.text='{{ template "slack.default.markdown.v1" . }}'
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```
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### Configuration
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`amtool` allows a configuration file to specify some options for convenience. The default configuration file paths are `$HOME/.config/amtool/config.yml` or `/etc/amtool/config.yml`
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An example configuration file might look like the following:
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```
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# Define the path that `amtool` can find your `alertmanager` instance
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alertmanager.url: "http://localhost:9093"
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# Override the default author. (unset defaults to your username)
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author: me@example.com
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# Force amtool to give you an error if you don't include a comment on a silence
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comment_required: true
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# Set a default output format. (unset defaults to simple)
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output: extended
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# Set a default receiver
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receiver: team-X-pager
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```
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### Routes
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`amtool` allows you to visualize the routes of your configuration in form of text tree view.
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Also you can use it to test the routing by passing it label set of an alert
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and it prints out all receivers the alert would match ordered and separated by `,`.
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(If you use `--verify.receivers` amtool returns error code 1 on mismatch)
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Example of usage:
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```
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# View routing tree of remote Alertmanager
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$ amtool config routes --alertmanager.url=http://localhost:9090
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# Test if alert matches expected receiver
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$ amtool config routes test --config.file=doc/examples/simple.yml --tree --verify.receivers=team-X-pager service=database owner=team-X
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```
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## High Availability
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Alertmanager's high availability is in production use at many companies and is enabled by default.
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> Important: Both UDP and TCP are needed in alertmanager 0.15 and higher for the cluster to work.
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> - If you are using a firewall, make sure to whitelist the clustering port for both protocols.
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> - If you are running in a container, make sure to expose the clustering port for both protocols.
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To create a highly available cluster of the Alertmanager the instances need to
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be configured to communicate with each other. This is configured using the
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`--cluster.*` flags.
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- `--cluster.listen-address` string: cluster listen address (default "0.0.0.0:9094"; empty string disables HA mode)
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- `--cluster.advertise-address` string: cluster advertise address
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- `--cluster.peer` value: initial peers (repeat flag for each additional peer)
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- `--cluster.peer-timeout` value: peer timeout period (default "15s")
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- `--cluster.gossip-interval` value: cluster message propagation speed
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(default "200ms")
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- `--cluster.pushpull-interval` value: lower values will increase
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convergence speeds at expense of bandwidth (default "1m0s")
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- `--cluster.settle-timeout` value: maximum time to wait for cluster
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connections to settle before evaluating notifications.
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- `--cluster.tcp-timeout` value: timeout value for tcp connections, reads and writes (default "10s")
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- `--cluster.probe-timeout` value: time to wait for ack before marking node unhealthy
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(default "500ms")
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- `--cluster.probe-interval` value: interval between random node probes (default "1s")
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- `--cluster.reconnect-interval` value: interval between attempting to reconnect to lost peers (default "10s")
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- `--cluster.reconnect-timeout` value: length of time to attempt to reconnect to a lost peer (default: "6h0m0s")
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The chosen port in the `cluster.listen-address` flag is the port that needs to be
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specified in the `cluster.peer` flag of the other peers.
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The `cluster.advertise-address` flag is required if the instance doesn't have
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an IP address that is part of [RFC 6890](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6890)
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with a default route.
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To start a cluster of three peers on your local machine use [`goreman`](https://github.com/mattn/goreman) and the
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Procfile within this repository.
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goreman start
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To point your Prometheus 1.4, or later, instance to multiple Alertmanagers, configure them
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in your `prometheus.yml` configuration file, for example:
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```yaml
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alerting:
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alertmanagers:
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- static_configs:
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- targets:
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- alertmanager1:9093
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- alertmanager2:9093
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- alertmanager3:9093
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```
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> Important: Do not load balance traffic between Prometheus and its Alertmanagers, but instead point Prometheus to a list of all Alertmanagers. The Alertmanager implementation expects all alerts to be sent to all Alertmanagers to ensure high availability.
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### Turn off high availability
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If running Alertmanager in high availability mode is not desired, setting `--cluster.listen-address=` prevents Alertmanager from listening to incoming peer requests.
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## Contributing
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Check the [Prometheus contributing page](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
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To contribute to the user interface, refer to [ui/app/CONTRIBUTING.md](ui/app/CONTRIBUTING.md).
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## Architecture
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## License
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Apache License 2.0, see [LICENSE](https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/blob/main/LICENSE).
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[hub]: https://hub.docker.com/r/prom/alertmanager/
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[circleci]: https://circleci.com/gh/prometheus/alertmanager
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[quay]: https://quay.io/repository/prometheus/alertmanager
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