161 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
161 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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Module Name: DSInternals
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Module Guid: 766b3ad8-eb78-48e6-84bd-61b31d96b53e
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Download Help Link:
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Help Version: 1.0
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Locale: en-US
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---
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# DSInternals PowerShell Module
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## Description
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The DSInternals PowerShell Module exposes several internal features of Active Directory. These include offline ntds.dit file manipulation, password auditing, DC recovery from IFM backups and password hash calculation.
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## Cmdlets for Offline Active Directory Operations
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### [Get-ADDBAccount](Get-ADDBAccount.md)
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Reads one or more accounts from a ntds.dit file, including secret attributes.
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### [Enable-ADDBAccount](Enable-ADDBAccount.md)
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Enables an Active Directory account in an offline ntds.dit file.
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### [Disable-ADDBAccount](Disable-ADDBAccount.md)
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Disables an Active Directory account in an offline ntds.dit file.
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### [Add-ADDBSidHistory](Add-ADDBSidHistory.md)
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Adds one or more values to the sIDHistory attribute of an object in a ntds.dit file.
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### [Set-ADDBAccountPassword](Set-ADDBAccountPassword.md)
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Sets the password for a user, computer, or service account stored in a ntds.dit file.
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### [Set-ADDBAccountPasswordHash](Set-ADDBAccountPasswordHash.md)
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Sets the password hash for a user, computer, or service account stored in a ntds.dit file.
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### [Set-ADDBPrimaryGroup](Set-ADDBPrimaryGroup.md)
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Modifies the primaryGroupId attribute of an object in a ntds.dit file.
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### [Get-ADDBBackupKey](Get-ADDBBackupKey.md)
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Reads the DPAPI backup keys from a ntds.dit file.
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### [Get-ADDBKdsRootKey](Get-ADDBKdsRootKey.md)
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Reads KDS Root Keys from a ntds.dit. file. Can be used to aid DPAPI-NG decryption, e.g. SID-protected PFX files.
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### [Get-ADDBDomainController](Get-ADDBDomainController.md)
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Reads information about the originating DC from a ntds.dit file, including domain name, domain SID, DC name and DC site.
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### [Set-ADDBDomainController](Set-ADDBDomainController.md)
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Writes information about the DC to a ntds.dit file, including the highest committed USN and database epoch.
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### [Get-ADDBSchemaAttribute](Get-ADDBSchemaAttribute.md)
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Reads AD schema from a ntds.dit file, including datatable column names.
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### [Get-BootKey](Get-BootKey.md)
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Reads the Boot Key (AKA SysKey or System Key) from an online or offline SYSTEM registry hive.
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### [Set-ADDBBootKey](Set-ADDBBootKey.md)
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Re-encrypts a ntds.dit file with a new BootKey/SysKey. Highly experimental!
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### [Remove-ADDBObject](Remove-ADDBObject.md)
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Physically removes specified object from a ntds.dit file, making it semantically inconsistent. Highly experimental!
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## Cmdlets for Online Active Directory Operations
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### [Get-ADReplAccount](Get-ADReplAccount.md)
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Reads one or more accounts through the MS-DRSR protocol, including secret attributes.
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### [Get-ADReplBackupKey](Get-ADReplBackupKey.md)
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Reads the DPAPI backup keys through the MS-DRSR protocol.
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### [Get-SamPasswordPolicy](Get-SamPasswordPolicy.md)
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Queries Active Directory for the default password policy.
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### [Set-SamAccountPasswordHash](Set-SamAccountPasswordHash.md)
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Sets NT and LM hashes of an Active Directory or local account through the MS-SAMR protocol.
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### [Get-ADSIAccount](Get-ADSIAccount.md)
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Gets all Active Directory user accounts from a given domain controller using ADSI. Typically used for Credential Roaming data retrieval through LDAP.
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### [Get-LsaBackupKey](Get-LsaBackupKey.md)
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Reads the DPAPI backup keys from a domain controller through the LSARPC protocol.
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### [Get-LsaPolicyInformation](Get-LsaPolicyInformation.md)
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Retrieves AD-related information from the Local Security Authority Policy of the local computer or a remote one.
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### [Set-LsaPolicyInformation](Set-LsaPolicyInformation.md)
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Configures AD-related Local Security Authority Policies of the local computer or a remote one.
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## Password Hash Export Formats
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The output of the [Get-ADDBAccount](Get-ADDBAccount.md) and [Get-ADReplAccount](Get-ADReplAccount.md) cmdlets can be formatted using the following custom [Views](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/format-custom) to support different password cracking tools. ASCII file encoding is strongly recommended.
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### Hashcat
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- **HashcatNT** <20> NT hashes in Hashcat's format.
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- **HashcatLM** <20> LM hashes in Hashcat's format.
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- **HashcatNTHistory** <20> NT hashes, including historical ones, in Hashcat's format.
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### John the Ripper
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- **JohnNT** <20> NT hashes in the format supported by John the Ripper.
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- **JohnLM** <20> LM hashes in the format supported by John the Ripper.
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- **JohnNTHistory** <20> NT hashes, including historical ones, in the format supported by John the Ripper.
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### Ophcrack
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- **Ophcrack** <20> NT and LM hashes in Ophcrack's format.
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### Other Formats
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- **PWDump** - NT and LM hashes in the pwdump format that is supported various password cracking tools, e.g. *ElcomSoft Distributed Password Recovery*, *rcracki-mt* or *John the Ripper*.
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- **NTHash** - NT hashes only, without account names.
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- **LMHash** - LM hashes only, without account names.
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- **NTHashHistory** - NT hashes, including historical ones, without account names.
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## Cmdlets for Password Hash Calculation
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### [ConvertTo-KerberosKey](ConvertTo-KerberosKey.md)
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Computes Kerberos keys from a given password using Kerberos version 5 Key Derivation Functions.
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### [ConvertTo-NTHash](ConvertTo-NTHash.md)
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Calculates NT hash of a given password.
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### [ConvertTo-LMHash](ConvertTo-LMHash.md)
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Calculates LM hash of a given password.
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### [ConvertTo-OrgIdHash](ConvertTo-OrgIdHash.md)
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Calculates OrgId hash of a given password. Used by Azure Active Directory Connect.
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## Cmdlets for Credential Decryption
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### [Save-DPAPIBlob](Save-DPAPIBlob.md)
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Saves DPAPI and Credential Roaming data returned by the [Get-ADReplBackupKey](Get-ADReplBackupKey.md), [Get-ADDBBackupKey](Get-ADDBBackupKey.md), [Get-ADReplAccount](Get-ADReplAccount.md), [Get-ADDBAccount](Get-ADDBAccount.md) and [Get-ADSIAccount](Get-ADSIAccount.md) cmdlets to files for further processing.
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### [ConvertFrom-ADManagedPasswordBlob](ConvertFrom-ADManagedPasswordBlob.md)
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Decodes the value of the msDS-ManagedPassword attribute of a Group Managed Service Account.
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### [Get-ADKeyCredential](Get-ADKeyCredential.md)
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Creates an object representing Windows Hello for Business credentials from its binary representation or an X.509 certificate.
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### [ConvertFrom-GPPrefPassword](ConvertFrom-GPPrefPassword.md)
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Decodes a password from the format used by Group Policy Preferences.
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### [ConvertTo-GPPrefPassword](ConvertTo-GPPrefPassword.md)
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Converts a password to the format used by Group Policy Preferences.
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### [ConvertFrom-UnicodePassword](ConvertFrom-UnicodePassword.md)
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Decodes a password from the format used in unattend.xml files.
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### [ConvertTo-UnicodePassword](ConvertTo-UnicodePassword.md)
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Converts a password to the format used in unattend.xml or *.ldif files.
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## Miscellaneous Cmdlets
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### [New-ADDBRestoreFromMediaScript](New-ADDBRestoreFromMediaScript.md)
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Generates a PowerShell script that can be used to restore a domain controller from an IFM-equivalent backup (i.e. ntds.dit + SYSVOL).
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### [Test-PasswordQuality](Test-PasswordQuality.md)
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Performs AD audit, including checks for weak, duplicate, default and empty passwords. Accepts input from the [Get-ADReplAccount](Get-ADReplAccount.md) and [Get-ADDBAccount](Get-ADDBAccount.md) cmdlets.
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### [ConvertTo-Hex](ConvertTo-Hex.md)
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Helper cmdlet that converts binary input to a hexadecimal string.
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