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xmpp is the instant messaging protocol out there¹
The Extensible Messaging Presence Protocol (XMPP) is a messaging protocol which allows you to... exchange message with a chat partner and know if said partner is online, busy, away... At its core it is very minimal. But as its name says, it is extensible so there are extensions like multi user chats (MUCs) OpenPGP encryption, OMEMO encryption, OTR encryption, profile pictures...
As it is a protocol rather than a software. There are a lot of clients to choose from. To name a few, dino, gajim, profanity (for linux), conversations for android, monal for the apple garbage...
Decentralization
You and your friend can setup your own xmpp servers and a server to server communication will be made. (yourdomain.tld -> frendomain.tld) just like emails. So the messages aren't centralizated. Making it good for privacy
Easy encryption
xmpp supports OMEMO and OpenPGP encryption. This plus centralization makes it perfect for privacy.
xmpp advantages over WhatsApp
- Not run by F*ceb*ok
- Decentralized
- You can run your server
- Does not require phone number
xmpp advantages over Telegram
- not run by a russian mobster
- Decentralized
- You can enable encryption in a desktop client
- You can setup your own server
- Does not require phone number
xmpp advantages over Signal
- Does not require phone number (kek, a privacy oriented software requires your phone number)
- You can trust the encryption
- You can setup your own server
xmpp flaws
Every client sucks