prometheus/storage/local/chunk.go

470 lines
15 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2014 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package local
import (
"container/list"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"sort"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/metric"
)
// The DefaultChunkEncoding can be changed via a flag.
var DefaultChunkEncoding = doubleDelta
var errChunkBoundsExceeded = errors.New("attempted access outside of chunk boundaries")
type chunkEncoding byte
// String implements flag.Value.
func (ce chunkEncoding) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("%d", ce)
}
// Set implements flag.Value.
func (ce *chunkEncoding) Set(s string) error {
switch s {
case "0":
*ce = delta
case "1":
*ce = doubleDelta
case "2":
*ce = gorilla
default:
return fmt.Errorf("invalid chunk encoding: %s", s)
}
return nil
}
const (
delta chunkEncoding = iota
doubleDelta
gorilla
)
// chunkDesc contains meta-data for a chunk. Pay special attention to the
// documented requirements for calling its methods concurrently (WRT pinning and
// locking). The doc comments spell out the requirements for each method, but
// here is an overview and general explanation:
//
// Everything that changes the pinning of the underlying chunk or deals with its
// eviction is protected by a mutex. This affects the following methods: pin,
// unpin, refCount, isEvicted, maybeEvict. These methods can be called at any
// time without further prerequisites.
//
// Another group of methods acts on (or sets) the underlying chunk. These
// methods involve no locking. They may only be called if the caller has pinned
// the chunk (to guarantee the chunk is not evicted concurrently). Also, the
// caller must make sure nobody else will call these methods concurrently,
// either by holding the sole reference to the chunkDesc (usually during loading
// or creation) or by locking the fingerprint of the series the chunkDesc
// belongs to. The affected methods are: add, maybePopulateLastTime, setChunk.
//
// Finally, there are the special cases firstTime and lastTime. lastTime requires
// to have locked the fingerprint of the series but the chunk does not need to
// be pinned. That's because the chunkLastTime field in chunkDesc gets populated
// upon completion of the chunk (when it is still pinned, and which happens
// while the series's fingerprint is locked). Once that has happened, calling
// lastTime does not require the chunk to be loaded anymore. Before that has
// happened, the chunk is pinned anyway. The chunkFirstTime field in chunkDesc
// is populated upon creation of a chunkDesc, so it is alway safe to call
// firstTime. The firstTime method is arguably not needed and only there for
// consistency with lastTime.
type chunkDesc struct {
sync.Mutex // Protects pinning.
c chunk // nil if chunk is evicted.
rCnt int
chunkFirstTime model.Time // Populated at creation. Immutable.
chunkLastTime model.Time // Populated on closing of the chunk, model.Earliest if unset.
// evictListElement is nil if the chunk is not in the evict list.
// evictListElement is _not_ protected by the chunkDesc mutex.
// It must only be touched by the evict list handler in memorySeriesStorage.
evictListElement *list.Element
}
// newChunkDesc creates a new chunkDesc pointing to the provided chunk. The
// provided chunk is assumed to be not persisted yet. Therefore, the refCount of
// the new chunkDesc is 1 (preventing eviction prior to persisting).
func newChunkDesc(c chunk, firstTime model.Time) *chunkDesc {
chunkOps.WithLabelValues(createAndPin).Inc()
atomic.AddInt64(&numMemChunks, 1)
numMemChunkDescs.Inc()
return &chunkDesc{
c: c,
rCnt: 1,
chunkFirstTime: firstTime,
chunkLastTime: model.Earliest,
}
}
// add adds a sample pair to the underlying chunk. For safe concurrent access,
// The chunk must be pinned, and the caller must have locked the fingerprint of
// the series.
func (cd *chunkDesc) add(s model.SamplePair) ([]chunk, error) {
return cd.c.add(s)
}
// pin increments the refCount by one. Upon increment from 0 to 1, this
// chunkDesc is removed from the evict list. To enable the latter, the
// evictRequests channel has to be provided. This method can be called
// concurrently at any time.
func (cd *chunkDesc) pin(evictRequests chan<- evictRequest) {
cd.Lock()
defer cd.Unlock()
if cd.rCnt == 0 {
// Remove ourselves from the evict list.
evictRequests <- evictRequest{cd, false}
}
cd.rCnt++
}
// unpin decrements the refCount by one. Upon decrement from 1 to 0, this
// chunkDesc is added to the evict list. To enable the latter, the evictRequests
// channel has to be provided. This method can be called concurrently at any
// time.
func (cd *chunkDesc) unpin(evictRequests chan<- evictRequest) {
cd.Lock()
defer cd.Unlock()
if cd.rCnt == 0 {
panic("cannot unpin already unpinned chunk")
}
cd.rCnt--
if cd.rCnt == 0 {
// Add ourselves to the back of the evict list.
evictRequests <- evictRequest{cd, true}
}
}
// refCount returns the number of pins. This method can be called concurrently
// at any time.
func (cd *chunkDesc) refCount() int {
cd.Lock()
defer cd.Unlock()
return cd.rCnt
}
// firstTime returns the timestamp of the first sample in the chunk. This method
// can be called concurrently at any time. It only returns the immutable
// cd.chunkFirstTime without any locking. Arguably, this method is
// useless. However, it provides consistency with the lastTime method.
func (cd *chunkDesc) firstTime() model.Time {
return cd.chunkFirstTime
}
// lastTime returns the timestamp of the last sample in the chunk. For safe
// concurrent access, this method requires the fingerprint of the time series to
// be locked.
func (cd *chunkDesc) lastTime() (model.Time, error) {
if cd.chunkLastTime != model.Earliest || cd.c == nil {
return cd.chunkLastTime, nil
}
return cd.c.newIterator().lastTimestamp()
}
// maybePopulateLastTime populates the chunkLastTime from the underlying chunk
// if it has not yet happened. Call this method directly after having added the
// last sample to a chunk or after closing a head chunk due to age. For safe
// concurrent access, the chunk must be pinned, and the caller must have locked
// the fingerprint of the series.
func (cd *chunkDesc) maybePopulateLastTime() error {
if cd.chunkLastTime == model.Earliest && cd.c != nil {
t, err := cd.c.newIterator().lastTimestamp()
if err != nil {
return err
}
cd.chunkLastTime = t
}
return nil
}
// isEvicted returns whether the chunk is evicted. For safe concurrent access,
// the caller must have locked the fingerprint of the series.
func (cd *chunkDesc) isEvicted() bool {
// Locking required here because we do not want the caller to force
// pinning the chunk first, so it could be evicted while this method is
// called.
cd.Lock()
defer cd.Unlock()
return cd.c == nil
}
// setChunk sets the underlying chunk. The caller must have locked the
// fingerprint of the series and must have "pre-pinned" the chunk (i.e. first
// call pin and then set the chunk).
func (cd *chunkDesc) setChunk(c chunk) {
if cd.c != nil {
panic("chunk already set")
}
cd.c = c
}
// maybeEvict evicts the chunk if the refCount is 0. It returns whether the chunk
// is now evicted, which includes the case that the chunk was evicted even
// before this method was called. It can be called concurrently at any time.
func (cd *chunkDesc) maybeEvict() bool {
cd.Lock()
defer cd.Unlock()
if cd.c == nil {
return true
}
if cd.rCnt != 0 {
return false
}
if cd.chunkLastTime == model.Earliest {
// This must never happen.
panic("chunkLastTime not populated for evicted chunk")
}
cd.c = nil
chunkOps.WithLabelValues(evict).Inc()
atomic.AddInt64(&numMemChunks, -1)
return true
}
// chunk is the interface for all chunks. Chunks are generally not
// goroutine-safe.
type chunk interface {
// add adds a SamplePair to the chunks, performs any necessary
// re-encoding, and adds any necessary overflow chunks. It returns the
// new version of the original chunk, followed by overflow chunks, if
// any. The first chunk returned might be the same as the original one
// or a newly allocated version. In any case, take the returned chunk as
// the relevant one and discard the original chunk.
add(sample model.SamplePair) ([]chunk, error)
clone() chunk
firstTime() model.Time
newIterator() chunkIterator
marshal(io.Writer) error
marshalToBuf([]byte) error
unmarshal(io.Reader) error
unmarshalFromBuf([]byte) error
encoding() chunkEncoding
}
// A chunkIterator enables efficient access to the content of a chunk. It is
// generally not safe to use a chunkIterator concurrently with or after chunk
// mutation.
type chunkIterator interface {
// Gets the last timestamp in the chunk.
lastTimestamp() (model.Time, error)
// Whether a given timestamp is contained between first and last value
// in the chunk.
contains(model.Time) (bool, error)
// Scans the next value in the chunk. Directly after the iterator has
// been created, the next value is the first value in the
// chunk. Otherwise, it is the value following the last value scanned or
// found (by one of the find... methods). Returns false if either the
// end of the chunk is reached or an error has occurred.
scan() bool
// Finds the most recent value at or before the provided time. Returns
// false if either the chunk contains no value at or before the provided
// time, or an error has occurred.
findAtOrBefore(model.Time) bool
// Finds the oldest value at or after the provided time. Returns false
// if either the chunk contains no value at or after the provided time,
// or an error has occurred.
findAtOrAfter(model.Time) bool
// Returns the last value scanned (by the scan method) or found (by one
// of the find... methods). It returns ZeroSamplePair before any of
// those methods were called.
value() model.SamplePair
// Returns the last error encountered. In general, an error signals data
// corruption in the chunk and requires quarantining.
err() error
}
// rangeValues is a utility function that retrieves all values within the given
// range from a chunkIterator.
func rangeValues(it chunkIterator, in metric.Interval) ([]model.SamplePair, error) {
result := []model.SamplePair{}
if !it.findAtOrAfter(in.OldestInclusive) {
return result, it.err()
}
for !it.value().Timestamp.After(in.NewestInclusive) {
result = append(result, it.value())
if !it.scan() {
break
}
}
return result, it.err()
}
// addToOverflowChunk is a utility function that creates a new chunk as overflow
// chunk, adds the provided sample to it, and returns a chunk slice containing
// the provided old chunk followed by the new overflow chunk.
func addToOverflowChunk(c chunk, s model.SamplePair) ([]chunk, error) {
overflowChunks, err := newChunk().add(s)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return []chunk{c, overflowChunks[0]}, nil
}
// transcodeAndAdd is a utility function that transcodes the dst chunk into the
// provided src chunk (plus the necessary overflow chunks) and then adds the
// provided sample. It returns the new chunks (transcoded plus overflow) with
// the new sample at the end.
func transcodeAndAdd(dst chunk, src chunk, s model.SamplePair) ([]chunk, error) {
chunkOps.WithLabelValues(transcode).Inc()
var (
head = dst
body, newChunks []chunk
err error
)
it := src.newIterator()
for it.scan() {
if newChunks, err = head.add(it.value()); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
body = append(body, newChunks[:len(newChunks)-1]...)
head = newChunks[len(newChunks)-1]
}
if it.err() != nil {
return nil, it.err()
}
if newChunks, err = head.add(s); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return append(body, newChunks...), nil
}
// newChunk creates a new chunk according to the encoding set by the
// DefaultChunkEncoding flag.
func newChunk() chunk {
chunk, err := newChunkForEncoding(DefaultChunkEncoding)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
return chunk
}
func newChunkForEncoding(encoding chunkEncoding) (chunk, error) {
switch encoding {
case delta:
return newDeltaEncodedChunk(d1, d0, true, chunkLen), nil
case doubleDelta:
return newDoubleDeltaEncodedChunk(d1, d0, true, chunkLen), nil
case gorilla:
return newGorillaChunk(gorillaZeroEncoding), nil
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown chunk encoding: %v", encoding)
}
}
// indexAccessor allows accesses to samples by index.
type indexAccessor interface {
timestampAtIndex(int) model.Time
sampleValueAtIndex(int) model.SampleValue
err() error
}
// indexAccessingChunkIterator is a chunk iterator for chunks for which an
// indexAccessor implementation exists.
type indexAccessingChunkIterator struct {
len int
pos int
lastValue model.SamplePair
acc indexAccessor
}
func newIndexAccessingChunkIterator(len int, acc indexAccessor) *indexAccessingChunkIterator {
return &indexAccessingChunkIterator{
len: len,
pos: -1,
lastValue: ZeroSamplePair,
acc: acc,
}
}
// lastTimestamp implements chunkIterator.
func (it *indexAccessingChunkIterator) lastTimestamp() (model.Time, error) {
return it.acc.timestampAtIndex(it.len - 1), it.acc.err()
}
// contains implements chunkIterator.
func (it *indexAccessingChunkIterator) contains(t model.Time) (bool, error) {
return !t.Before(it.acc.timestampAtIndex(0)) &&
!t.After(it.acc.timestampAtIndex(it.len-1)), it.acc.err()
}
// scan implements chunkIterator.
func (it *indexAccessingChunkIterator) scan() bool {
it.pos++
if it.pos >= it.len {
return false
}
it.lastValue = model.SamplePair{
Timestamp: it.acc.timestampAtIndex(it.pos),
Value: it.acc.sampleValueAtIndex(it.pos),
}
return it.acc.err() == nil
}
// findAtOrBefore implements chunkIterator.
func (it *indexAccessingChunkIterator) findAtOrBefore(t model.Time) bool {
i := sort.Search(it.len, func(i int) bool {
return it.acc.timestampAtIndex(i).After(t)
})
if i == 0 || it.acc.err() != nil {
return false
}
it.pos = i - 1
it.lastValue = model.SamplePair{
Timestamp: it.acc.timestampAtIndex(i - 1),
Value: it.acc.sampleValueAtIndex(i - 1),
}
return true
}
// findAtOrAfter implements chunkIterator.
func (it *indexAccessingChunkIterator) findAtOrAfter(t model.Time) bool {
i := sort.Search(it.len, func(i int) bool {
return !it.acc.timestampAtIndex(i).Before(t)
})
if i == it.len || it.acc.err() != nil {
return false
}
it.pos = i
it.lastValue = model.SamplePair{
Timestamp: it.acc.timestampAtIndex(i),
Value: it.acc.sampleValueAtIndex(i),
}
return true
}
// value implements chunkIterator.
func (it *indexAccessingChunkIterator) value() model.SamplePair {
return it.lastValue
}
// err implements chunkIterator.
func (it *indexAccessingChunkIterator) err() error {
return it.acc.err()
}