// Copyright 2013 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package remote

import (
	"sync"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/time/rate"

	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/log"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/relabel"
)

// String constants for instrumentation.
const (
	namespace = "prometheus"
	subsystem = "remote_storage"
	queue     = "queue"

	defaultShards            = 10
	defaultMaxSamplesPerSend = 100
	// The queue capacity is per shard.
	defaultQueueCapacity     = 100 * 1024 / defaultShards
	defaultBatchSendDeadline = 5 * time.Second
	logRateLimit             = 0.1 // Limit to 1 log event every 10s
	logBurst                 = 10
)

var (
	sentSamplesTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
		prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Subsystem: subsystem,
			Name:      "sent_samples_total",
			Help:      "Total number of processed samples sent to remote storage.",
		},
		[]string{queue},
	)
	failedSamplesTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
		prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Subsystem: subsystem,
			Name:      "failed_samples_total",
			Help:      "Total number of processed samples which failed on send to remote storage.",
		},
		[]string{queue},
	)
	droppedSamplesTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
		prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Subsystem: subsystem,
			Name:      "dropped_samples_total",
			Help:      "Total number of samples which were dropped due to the queue being full.",
		},
		[]string{queue},
	)
	sentBatchDuration = prometheus.NewHistogramVec(
		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Subsystem: subsystem,
			Name:      "sent_batch_duration_seconds",
			Help:      "Duration of sample batch send calls to the remote storage.",
			Buckets:   prometheus.DefBuckets,
		},
		[]string{queue},
	)
	queueLength = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Subsystem: subsystem,
			Name:      "queue_length",
			Help:      "The number of processed samples queued to be sent to the remote storage.",
		},
		[]string{queue},
	)
	queueCapacity = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Subsystem: subsystem,
			Name:      "queue_capacity",
			Help:      "The capacity of the queue of samples to be sent to the remote storage.",
		},
		[]string{queue},
	)
)

func init() {
	prometheus.MustRegister(sentSamplesTotal)
	prometheus.MustRegister(failedSamplesTotal)
	prometheus.MustRegister(droppedSamplesTotal)
	prometheus.MustRegister(sentBatchDuration)
	prometheus.MustRegister(queueLength)
	prometheus.MustRegister(queueCapacity)
}

// StorageClient defines an interface for sending a batch of samples to an
// external timeseries database.
type StorageClient interface {
	// Store stores the given samples in the remote storage.
	Store(model.Samples) error
	// Name identifies the remote storage implementation.
	Name() string
}

// QueueManagerConfig configures a storage queue.
type QueueManagerConfig struct {
	QueueCapacity     int           // Number of samples to buffer per shard before we start dropping them.
	Shards            int           // Number of shards, i.e. amount of concurrency.
	MaxSamplesPerSend int           // Maximum number of samples per send.
	BatchSendDeadline time.Duration // Maximum time sample will wait in buffer.
	ExternalLabels    model.LabelSet
	RelabelConfigs    []*config.RelabelConfig
	Client            StorageClient
}

// QueueManager manages a queue of samples to be sent to the Storage
// indicated by the provided StorageClient.
type QueueManager struct {
	cfg        QueueManagerConfig
	shards     []chan *model.Sample
	wg         sync.WaitGroup
	done       chan struct{}
	queueName  string
	logLimiter *rate.Limiter
}

// NewQueueManager builds a new QueueManager.
func NewQueueManager(cfg QueueManagerConfig) *QueueManager {
	if cfg.QueueCapacity == 0 {
		cfg.QueueCapacity = defaultQueueCapacity
	}
	if cfg.Shards == 0 {
		cfg.Shards = defaultShards
	}
	if cfg.MaxSamplesPerSend == 0 {
		cfg.MaxSamplesPerSend = defaultMaxSamplesPerSend
	}
	if cfg.BatchSendDeadline == 0 {
		cfg.BatchSendDeadline = defaultBatchSendDeadline
	}

	shards := make([]chan *model.Sample, cfg.Shards)
	for i := 0; i < cfg.Shards; i++ {
		shards[i] = make(chan *model.Sample, cfg.QueueCapacity)
	}

	t := &QueueManager{
		cfg:        cfg,
		shards:     shards,
		done:       make(chan struct{}),
		queueName:  cfg.Client.Name(),
		logLimiter: rate.NewLimiter(logRateLimit, logBurst),
	}

	queueCapacity.WithLabelValues(t.queueName).Set(float64(t.cfg.QueueCapacity))
	t.wg.Add(cfg.Shards)
	return t
}

// Append queues a sample to be sent to the remote storage. It drops the
// sample on the floor if the queue is full.
// Always returns nil.
func (t *QueueManager) Append(s *model.Sample) error {
	var snew model.Sample
	snew = *s
	snew.Metric = s.Metric.Clone()

	for ln, lv := range t.cfg.ExternalLabels {
		if _, ok := s.Metric[ln]; !ok {
			snew.Metric[ln] = lv
		}
	}

	snew.Metric = model.Metric(
		relabel.Process(model.LabelSet(snew.Metric), t.cfg.RelabelConfigs...))

	if snew.Metric == nil {
		return nil
	}

	fp := snew.Metric.FastFingerprint()
	shard := uint64(fp) % uint64(t.cfg.Shards)

	select {
	case t.shards[shard] <- &snew:
		queueLength.WithLabelValues(t.queueName).Inc()
	default:
		droppedSamplesTotal.WithLabelValues(t.queueName).Inc()
		if t.logLimiter.Allow() {
			log.Warn("Remote storage queue full, discarding sample. Multiple subsequent messages of this kind may be suppressed.")
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// NeedsThrottling implements storage.SampleAppender. It will always return
// false as a remote storage drops samples on the floor if backlogging instead
// of asking for throttling.
func (*QueueManager) NeedsThrottling() bool {
	return false
}

// Start the queue manager sending samples to the remote storage.
// Does not block.
func (t *QueueManager) Start() {
	for i := 0; i < t.cfg.Shards; i++ {
		go t.runShard(i)
	}
}

// Stop stops sending samples to the remote storage and waits for pending
// sends to complete.
func (t *QueueManager) Stop() {
	log.Infof("Stopping remote storage...")
	for _, shard := range t.shards {
		close(shard)
	}
	t.wg.Wait()
	log.Info("Remote storage stopped.")
}

func (t *QueueManager) runShard(i int) {
	defer t.wg.Done()
	shard := t.shards[i]

	// Send batches of at most MaxSamplesPerSend samples to the remote storage.
	// If we have fewer samples than that, flush them out after a deadline
	// anyways.
	pendingSamples := model.Samples{}

	for {
		select {
		case s, ok := <-shard:
			if !ok {
				if len(pendingSamples) > 0 {
					log.Infof("Flushing %d samples to remote storage...", len(pendingSamples))
					t.sendSamples(pendingSamples)
					log.Infof("Done flushing.")
				}
				return
			}

			queueLength.WithLabelValues(t.queueName).Dec()
			pendingSamples = append(pendingSamples, s)

			for len(pendingSamples) >= t.cfg.MaxSamplesPerSend {
				t.sendSamples(pendingSamples[:t.cfg.MaxSamplesPerSend])
				pendingSamples = pendingSamples[t.cfg.MaxSamplesPerSend:]
			}
		case <-time.After(t.cfg.BatchSendDeadline):
			if len(pendingSamples) > 0 {
				t.sendSamples(pendingSamples)
				pendingSamples = pendingSamples[:0]
			}
		}
	}
}

func (t *QueueManager) sendSamples(s model.Samples) {
	// Samples are sent to the remote storage on a best-effort basis. If a
	// sample isn't sent correctly the first time, it's simply dropped on the
	// floor.
	begin := time.Now()
	err := t.cfg.Client.Store(s)
	duration := time.Since(begin).Seconds()

	if err != nil {
		log.Warnf("error sending %d samples to remote storage: %s", len(s), err)
		failedSamplesTotal.WithLabelValues(t.queueName).Add(float64(len(s)))
	} else {
		sentSamplesTotal.WithLabelValues(t.queueName).Add(float64(len(s)))
	}
	sentBatchDuration.WithLabelValues(t.queueName).Observe(duration)
}