If all samples in consecutive chunks have the same timestamp, the way
we used to load chunks will fail. With this change, the persist
watermark is used to load the right amount of chunkDescs from disk.
This bug is a possible reason for the rare storage corruption we have
observed.
Fixes https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/481
While doing so, clean up and fix a few other things:
- Fix `go vet` warnings (@fabxc to blame ;).
- Fix a racey problem with unarchiving: Whenever we unarchive a
series, we essentially want to do something with it. However, until
we have done something with it, it appears like a series that is
ready to be archived or even purged. So e.g. it would be ignored
during checkpointing. With this fix, we always load the chunkDescs
upon unarchiving. This is wasteful if we only want to add a new
sample to an archived time series, but the (presumably more common)
case where we access an archived time series in a query doesn't
become more expensive.
- The change above streamlined the getOrCreateSeries ond
newMemorySeries flow. Also, the modTime is now always set correctly.
- Fix the leveldb-backed implementation of KeyValueStore.Delete. It
had the wrong behavior of still returning true, nil if a
non-existing key has been passed in.
A number of mostly minor things:
- Rename chunk type -> chunk encoding.
- After all, do not carry around the chunk encoding to all parts of
the system, but just have one place where the encoding for new
chunks is set based on the flag. The new approach has caveats as
well, but the polution of so many method signatures is worse.
- Use the default chunk encoding for new chunks of existing
series. (Previously, only new _series_ would get chunks with the
default encoding.)
- Use an enum for chunk encoding. (But keep the version number for the
flag, for reasons discussed previously.)
- Add encoding() to the chunk interface (so that a chunk knows its own
encoding - no need to have that in a different top-level function).
- Got rid of newFollowUpChunk (which would keep the existing encoding
for all chunks of a time series). Now only use newChunk(), which
will create a chunk encoding according to the flag.
- Simplified transcodeAndAdd.
- Reordered methods of deltaEncodedChunk and doubleDeltaEncoded chunk
to match the order in the chunk interface.
- Only transcode if the chunk is not yet half full. If more than half
full, add a new chunk instead.
In that commit, the 'maintainSeries' call was accidentally removed.
This commit refactors things a bit so that there is now a clean
'maintainMemorySeries' and a 'maintainArchivedSeries' call.
Straighten the nomenclature a bit (consistently use 'drop' for
chunks and 'purge' for series/metrics).
Remove the annoying 'Completed maintenance sweep through archived
fingerprints' message if there were no archived fingerprints to do
maintenance on.
This is done by bucketing chunks by fingerprint. If the persisting to
disk falls behind, more and more chunks are in the queue. As soon as
there are "double hits", we will now persist both chunks in one go,
doubling the disk throughput (assuming it is limited by disk
seeks). Should even more pile up so that we end wit "triple hits", we
will persist those first, and so on.
Even if we have millions of time series, this will still help,
assuming not all of them are growing with the same speed. Series that
get many samples and/or are not very compressable will accumulate
chunks faster, and they will soon get double- or triple-writes.
To improve the chance of double writes,
-storage.local.persistence-queue-capacity could be set to a higher
value. However, that will slow down shutdown a lot (as the queue has
to be worked through). So we leave it to the user to set it to a
really high value. A more fundamental solution would be to checkpoint
not only head chunks, but also chunks still in the persist queue. That
would be quite complicated for a rather limited use-case (running many
time series with high ingestion rate on slow spinning disks).
- Move CONTRIBUTORS.md to the more common AUTHORS.
- Added the required NOTICE file.
- Changed "Prometheus Team" to "The Prometheus Authors".
- Reverted the erroneous changes to the Apache License.
Now only purge if there is something to purge.
Also, set savedFirstTime and archived time range appropriately.
(Which is needed for the optimization.)
Change-Id: Idcd33319a84def3ce0318d886f10c6800369e7f9
Fix the behavior if preload for non-existent series is requested.
Instead of returning an error (which triggers a panic further up),
simply count those incidents. They can happen regularly, we just want
to know if they happen too frequently because that would mean the
indexing is behind or broken.
Change-Id: I4b2d1b93c4146eeea897d188063cb9574a270f8b
The root cause was that after chunkDesc eviction, the offset between
memory representation of chunk layout (via chunkDescs in memory) was
shiftet against chunks as layed out on disk. Keeping the offset up to
date is by no means trivial, so this commit is pretty involved.
Also, found a race that for some reason didn't bite us so far:
Persisting chunks was completel unlocked, so if chunks were purged on
disk at the same time, disaster would strike. However, locking the
persisting of chunk revealed interesting dead locks. Basically, never
queue under the fp lock.
Change-Id: I1ea9e4e71024cabbc1f9601b28e74db0c5c55db8
- Staleness delta is no a proper function parameter and not replicated
from package ast.
- Named type 'chunks' replaced by explicit '[]chunk' to avoid confusion.
- For the same reason, replaced 'chunkDescs' by '[]*chunkDescs'.
- Verified that math.Modf is not a speed enhancement over conversion
(actually 5x slower).
- Renamed firstTimeField, lastTimeField into chunkFirstTime and
chunkLastTime.
- Verified unpin() is sufficiently goroutine-safe.
- Decided not to update archivedFingerprintToTimeRange upon series
truncation and added a rationale why.
Change-Id: I863b8d785e5ad9f71eb63e229845eacf1bed8534
Some other improvements on the way, in particular codec -> codable
renaming and addition of LookupSet methods.
Change-Id: I978f8f3f84ca8e4d39a9d9f152ae0ad274bbf4e2
Large delta values often imply a difference between a large base value
and the large delta value, potentially resulting in small numbers with
a huge precision error. Since large delta values need 8 bytes anyway,
we are not even saving memory.
As a solution, always save the absoluto value rather than a delta once
8 bytes would be needed for the delta. Timestamps are then saved as 8
byte integers, while values are always saved as float64 in that case.
Change-Id: I01100d600515e16df58ce508b50982ffd762cc49
Fabian Reinartz
beorn7
Bjoern Rabenstein
Julius Volz