osu/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs

// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.

#nullable disable

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using JetBrains.Annotations;
using osu.Framework.Allocation;
using osu.Framework.Graphics;
using osu.Framework.Input;
using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
using osu.Framework.Utils;
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Edit;
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.HitCircles.Components;
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components;
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
using osu.Game.Screens.Edit;
using osuTK;
using osuTK.Input;

namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
{
    public partial class SliderPlacementBlueprint : PlacementBlueprint
    {
        public new Slider HitObject => (Slider)base.HitObject;

        private SliderBodyPiece bodyPiece;
        private HitCirclePiece headCirclePiece;
        private HitCirclePiece tailCirclePiece;
        private PathControlPointVisualiser<Slider> controlPointVisualiser;

        private InputManager inputManager;

        private SliderPlacementState state;
        private PathControlPoint segmentStart;
        private PathControlPoint cursor;
        private int currentSegmentLength;

        [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
        [CanBeNull]
        private IPositionSnapProvider positionSnapProvider { get; set; }

        [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
        [CanBeNull]
        private IDistanceSnapProvider distanceSnapProvider { get; set; }

        [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
        [CanBeNull]
        private FreehandSliderToolboxGroup freehandToolboxGroup { get; set; }

        private readonly IncrementalBSplineBuilder bSplineBuilder = new IncrementalBSplineBuilder { Degree = 4 };

        protected override bool IsValidForPlacement => HitObject.Path.HasValidLength;

        public SliderPlacementBlueprint()
            : base(new Slider())
        {
            RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;

            HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Add(segmentStart = new PathControlPoint(Vector2.Zero, PathType.LINEAR));
            currentSegmentLength = 1;
        }

        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
        private void load()
        {
            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
            {
                bodyPiece = new SliderBodyPiece(),
                headCirclePiece = new HitCirclePiece(),
                tailCirclePiece = new HitCirclePiece(),
                controlPointVisualiser = new PathControlPointVisualiser<Slider>(HitObject, false)
            };

            state = SliderPlacementState.Initial;
        }

        protected override void LoadComplete()
        {
            base.LoadComplete();
            inputManager = GetContainingInputManager();

            if (freehandToolboxGroup != null)
            {
                freehandToolboxGroup.Tolerance.BindValueChanged(e =>
                {
                    bSplineBuilder.Tolerance = e.NewValue;
                    Scheduler.AddOnce(updateSliderPathFromBSplineBuilder);
                }, true);

                freehandToolboxGroup.CornerThreshold.BindValueChanged(e =>
                {
                    bSplineBuilder.CornerThreshold = e.NewValue;
                    Scheduler.AddOnce(updateSliderPathFromBSplineBuilder);
                }, true);

                freehandToolboxGroup.CircleThreshold.BindValueChanged(e =>
                {
                    Scheduler.AddOnce(updateSliderPathFromBSplineBuilder);
                }, true);
            }
        }

        [Resolved]
        private EditorBeatmap editorBeatmap { get; set; }

        public override void UpdateTimeAndPosition(SnapResult result)
        {
            base.UpdateTimeAndPosition(result);

            switch (state)
            {
                case SliderPlacementState.Initial:
                    BeginPlacement();

                    double? nearestSliderVelocity = (editorBeatmap
                                                     .HitObjects
                                                     .LastOrDefault(h => h is Slider && h.GetEndTime() < HitObject.StartTime) as Slider)?.SliderVelocityMultiplier;

                    HitObject.SliderVelocityMultiplier = nearestSliderVelocity ?? 1;
                    HitObject.Position = ToLocalSpace(result.ScreenSpacePosition);

                    // Replacing the DifficultyControlPoint above doesn't trigger any kind of invalidation.
                    // Without re-applying defaults, velocity won't be updated.
                    ApplyDefaultsToHitObject();
                    break;

                case SliderPlacementState.ControlPoints:
                    updateCursor();
                    break;
            }
        }

        protected override bool OnMouseDown(MouseDownEvent e)
        {
            if (e.Button != MouseButton.Left)
                return base.OnMouseDown(e);

            switch (state)
            {
                case SliderPlacementState.Initial:
                    beginCurve();
                    break;

                case SliderPlacementState.ControlPoints:
                    if (canPlaceNewControlPoint(out var lastPoint))
                    {
                        // Place a new point by detatching the current cursor.
                        updateCursor();
                        cursor = null;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Transform the last point into a new segment.
                        Debug.Assert(lastPoint != null);

                        segmentStart = lastPoint;
                        segmentStart.Type = PathType.LINEAR;

                        currentSegmentLength = 1;
                    }

                    break;
            }

            return true;
        }

        protected override bool OnDragStart(DragStartEvent e)
        {
            if (e.Button != MouseButton.Left)
                return base.OnDragStart(e);

            if (state != SliderPlacementState.ControlPoints)
                return base.OnDragStart(e);

            // Only enter drawing mode if no additional control points have been placed.
            int controlPointCount = HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Count;
            if (controlPointCount > 2 || (controlPointCount == 2 && HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Last() != cursor))
                return base.OnDragStart(e);

            bSplineBuilder.AddLinearPoint(Vector2.Zero);
            bSplineBuilder.AddLinearPoint(ToLocalSpace(e.ScreenSpaceMouseDownPosition) - HitObject.Position);
            state = SliderPlacementState.Drawing;
            return true;
        }

        protected override void OnDrag(DragEvent e)
        {
            base.OnDrag(e);

            if (state == SliderPlacementState.Drawing)
            {
                bSplineBuilder.AddLinearPoint(ToLocalSpace(e.ScreenSpaceMousePosition) - HitObject.Position);
                Scheduler.AddOnce(updateSliderPathFromBSplineBuilder);
            }
        }

        protected override void OnDragEnd(DragEndEvent e)
        {
            base.OnDragEnd(e);

            if (state == SliderPlacementState.Drawing)
            {
                bSplineBuilder.Finish();
                updateSliderPathFromBSplineBuilder();

                // Change the state so it will snap the expected distance in endCurve.
                state = SliderPlacementState.Finishing;
                endCurve();
            }
        }

        protected override void OnMouseUp(MouseUpEvent e)
        {
            if (state == SliderPlacementState.ControlPoints && e.Button == MouseButton.Right)
                endCurve();
            base.OnMouseUp(e);
        }

        protected override void Update()
        {
            base.Update();
            updateSlider();

            // Maintain the path type in case it got defaulted to bezier at some point during the drag.
            updatePathType();
        }

        private void beginCurve()
        {
            BeginPlacement(commitStart: true);
            state = SliderPlacementState.ControlPoints;
        }

        private void endCurve()
        {
            updateSlider();
            EndPlacement(true);
        }

        private void updatePathType()
        {
            if (state == SliderPlacementState.Drawing)
            {
                segmentStart.Type = PathType.BSpline(4);
                return;
            }

            switch (currentSegmentLength)
            {
                case 1:
                case 2:
                    segmentStart.Type = PathType.LINEAR;
                    break;

                case 3:
                    segmentStart.Type = PathType.PERFECT_CURVE;
                    break;

                default:
                    segmentStart.Type = PathType.BEZIER;
                    break;
            }

            controlPointVisualiser.EnsureValidPathTypes();
        }

        private void updateCursor()
        {
            if (canPlaceNewControlPoint(out _))
            {
                // The cursor does not overlap a previous control point, so it can be added if not already existing.
                if (cursor == null)
                {
                    HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Add(cursor = new PathControlPoint { Position = Vector2.Zero });

                    // The path type should be adjusted in the progression of updatePathType() (LINEAR -> PC -> BEZIER).
                    currentSegmentLength++;
                    updatePathType();
                }

                // Update the cursor position.
                var result = positionSnapProvider?.FindSnappedPositionAndTime(inputManager.CurrentState.Mouse.Position, state == SliderPlacementState.ControlPoints ? SnapType.GlobalGrids : SnapType.All);
                cursor.Position = ToLocalSpace(result?.ScreenSpacePosition ?? inputManager.CurrentState.Mouse.Position) - HitObject.Position;
            }
            else if (cursor != null)
            {
                // The cursor overlaps a previous control point, so it's removed.
                HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Remove(cursor);
                cursor = null;

                // The path type should be adjusted in the reverse progression of updatePathType() (BEZIER -> PC -> LINEAR).
                currentSegmentLength--;
                updatePathType();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Whether a new control point can be placed at the current mouse position.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="lastPoint">The last-placed control point. May be null, but is not null if <c>false</c> is returned.</param>
        /// <returns>Whether a new control point can be placed at the current position.</returns>
        private bool canPlaceNewControlPoint([CanBeNull] out PathControlPoint lastPoint)
        {
            // We cannot rely on the ordering of drawable pieces, so find the respective drawable piece by searching for the last non-cursor control point.
            var last = HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.LastOrDefault(p => p != cursor);
            var lastPiece = controlPointVisualiser.Pieces.Single(p => p.ControlPoint == last);

            lastPoint = last;
            return lastPiece.IsHovered != true;
        }

        private void updateSlider()
        {
            if (state == SliderPlacementState.Drawing)
                HitObject.Path.ExpectedDistance.Value = (float)HitObject.Path.CalculatedDistance;
            else
                HitObject.Path.ExpectedDistance.Value = distanceSnapProvider?.FindSnappedDistance(HitObject, (float)HitObject.Path.CalculatedDistance) ?? (float)HitObject.Path.CalculatedDistance;

            bodyPiece.UpdateFrom(HitObject);
            headCirclePiece.UpdateFrom(HitObject.HeadCircle);
            tailCirclePiece.UpdateFrom(HitObject.TailCircle);
        }

        private void updateSliderPathFromBSplineBuilder()
        {
            IReadOnlyList<List<Vector2>> builderPoints = bSplineBuilder.ControlPoints;

            if (builderPoints.Count == 0 || builderPoints[0].Count == 0)
                return;

            HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Clear();

            // Iterate through generated segments and adding non-inheriting path types where appropriate.
            for (int i = 0; i < builderPoints.Count; i++)
            {
                bool isLastSegment = i == builderPoints.Count - 1;
                var segment = builderPoints[i];

                if (segment.Count == 0)
                    continue;

                // Replace this segment with a circular arc if it is a reasonable substitute.
                var circleArcSegment = tryCircleArc(segment);

                if (circleArcSegment is not null)
                {
                    HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Add(new PathControlPoint(circleArcSegment[0], PathType.PERFECT_CURVE));
                    HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Add(new PathControlPoint(circleArcSegment[1]));
                }
                else
                {
                    HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Add(new PathControlPoint(segment[0], PathType.BSpline(4)));
                    for (int j = 1; j < segment.Count - 1; j++)
                        HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Add(new PathControlPoint(segment[j]));
                }

                if (isLastSegment)
                    HitObject.Path.ControlPoints.Add(new PathControlPoint(segment[^1]));
            }
        }

        private Vector2[] tryCircleArc(List<Vector2> segment)
        {
            if (segment.Count < 3 || freehandToolboxGroup?.CircleThreshold.Value == 0) return null;

            // Assume the segment creates a reasonable circular arc and then check if it reasonable
            var points = PathApproximator.BSplineToPiecewiseLinear(segment.ToArray(), bSplineBuilder.Degree);
            var circleArcControlPoints = new[] { points[0], points[points.Count / 2], points[^1] };
            var circleArc = new CircularArcProperties(circleArcControlPoints);

            if (!circleArc.IsValid) return null;

            double length = circleArc.ThetaRange * circleArc.Radius;

            if (length > 1000) return null;

            double loss = 0;
            Vector2? lastPoint = null;
            Vector2? lastVec = null;
            Vector2? lastVec2 = null;
            int? lastDir = null;
            int? lastDir2 = null;
            double totalWinding = 0;

            // Loop through the points and check if they are not too far away from the circular arc.
            // Also make sure it curves monotonically in one direction and at most one loop is done.
            foreach (var point in points)
            {
                var vec = point - circleArc.Centre;
                loss += Math.Pow((vec.Length - circleArc.Radius) / length, 2);

                if (lastVec.HasValue)
                {
                    double det = lastVec.Value.X * vec.Y - lastVec.Value.Y * vec.X;
                    int dir = Math.Sign(det);

                    if (dir == 0)
                        continue;

                    if (lastDir.HasValue && dir != lastDir)
                        return null; // Circle center is not inside the polygon

                    lastDir = dir;
                }

                lastVec = vec;

                if (lastPoint.HasValue)
                {
                    var vec2 = point - lastPoint.Value;

                    if (lastVec2.HasValue)
                    {
                        double dot = Vector2.Dot(vec2, lastVec2.Value);
                        double det = lastVec2.Value.X * vec2.Y - lastVec2.Value.Y * vec2.X;
                        double angle = Math.Atan2(det, dot);
                        int dir2 = Math.Sign(angle);

                        if (dir2 == 0)
                            continue;

                        if (lastDir2.HasValue && dir2 != lastDir2)
                            return null; // Curvature changed, like in an S-shape

                        totalWinding += Math.Abs(angle);
                        lastDir2 = dir2;
                    }

                    lastVec2 = vec2;
                }

                lastPoint = point;
            }

            loss /= points.Count;

            return loss > freehandToolboxGroup?.CircleThreshold.Value || totalWinding > MathHelper.TwoPi ? null : circleArcControlPoints;
        }

        private enum SliderPlacementState
        {
            Initial,
            ControlPoints,
            Drawing,
            Finishing
        }
    }
}