osquery-defense-kit/detection/c2/unexpected-https-client-linux.sql

-- Unexpected programs communicating over HTTPS (state-based)
--
-- This query is a bit awkward and hobbled due to the lack of osquery support
-- for looking up binary signatures in Linux.
--
-- references:
--   * https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/ (C&C, Application Layer Protocol)
--
-- tags: transient state net often
-- platform: linux
SELECT
  s.remote_address,
  p.name,
  p.cgroup_path,
  p.path,
  p.cmdline AS child_cmd,
  p.cwd,
  pp.path AS parent_path,
  p.parent AS parent_pid,
  pp.cmdline AS parent_cmd,
  s.state,
  hash.sha256,
  -- This intentionally avoids file.path, as it won't join across mount namespaces
  CONCAT (
    MIN(p.euid, 500),
    ',',
    REPLACE(
      REPLACE(
        REGEX_MATCH (p.path, '(/.*?)/', 1),
        '/nix',
        '/usr'
      ),
      '/snap',
      '/opt'
    ),
    '/',
    REGEX_MATCH (p.path, '.*/(.*?)$', 1),
    ',',
    MIN(f.uid, 500),
    'u,',
    MIN(f.gid, 500),
    'g,',
    p.name
  ) AS exception_key
FROM
  process_open_sockets s
  LEFT JOIN processes p ON s.pid = p.pid
  LEFT JOIN processes pp ON p.parent = pp.pid
  LEFT JOIN file f ON p.path = f.path
  LEFT JOIN hash ON p.path = hash.path
WHERE
  protocol IN (6, 17)
  AND s.remote_port = 443
  AND s.remote_address NOT IN ('127.0.0.1', '::ffff:127.0.0.1', '::1')
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE 'fe80:%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '127.%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '192.168.%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '172.1%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '172.2%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '172.30.%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '172.31.%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '::ffff:172.%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '10.%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE '::ffff:10.%'
  AND s.remote_address NOT LIKE 'fc00:%'
  AND p.path != ''
  AND NOT exception_key IN (
    '0,/opt/snapd,0u,0g,snapd',
    '0,/sbin/apk,u,g,apk',
    '0,/usr/applydeltarpm,0u,0g,applydeltarpm',
    '0,/usr/bash,0u,0g,bash',
    '0,/usr/bash,0u,0g,mkinitcpio',
    '0,/usr/cmake,u,g,cmake',
    '0,/usr/containerd,u,g,containerd',
    '0,/usr/dirmngr,0u,0g,dirmngr',
    '0,/usr/dockerd,0u,0g,dockerd',
    '0,/usr/flatpak-system-helper,0u,0g,flatpak-system-',
    '0,/usr/launcher,0u,0g,launcher',
    '0,/usr/launcher,500u,500g,launcher',
    '0,/usr/nix,0u,0g,nix',
    '0,/usr/nix,0u,0g,nix-daemon',
    '0,/usr/packagekitd,0u,0g,packagekitd',
    '0,/usr/pacman,0u,0g,pacman',
    '0,/usr/python3.10,0u,0g,dnf',
    '0,/usr/python3.10,0u,0g,dnf-automatic',
    '0,/usr/python3.10,0u,0g,yum',
    '0,/usr/python3.11,0u,0g,dnf',
    '0,/usr/python3.11,0u,0g,dnf-automatic',
    '0,/usr/python3.11,0u,0g,yum',
    '0,/usr/rpi-imager,0u,0g,rpi-imager',
    '0,/usr/snapd,0u,0g,snapd',
    '0,/usr/tailscaled,0u,0g,tailscaled',
    '0,/usr/tailscaled,500u,500g,tailscaled',
    '0,/usr/.tailscaled-wrapped,0u,0g,.tailscaled-wra',
    '105,/usr/http,0u,0g,https',
    '106,/usr/geoclue,0u,0g,geoclue',
    '500,/app/signal-desktop,u,g,signal-desktop',
    '500,/app/slack,u,g,slack',
    '500,/app/spotify,u,g,spotify',
    '500,/app/thunderbird,u,g,thunderbird',
    '500,/app/zoom.real,u,g,zoom.real',
    '500,/home/bom,500u,500g,bom',
    '500,/home/cargo,500u,500g,cargo',
    '500,/home/chainctl,500u,100g,chainctl',
    '500,/home/chainctl,500u,500g,chainctl',
    '500,/home/code,500u,500g,code',
    '500,/home/cosign,500u,500g,cosign',
    '500,/home/gitsign,500u,500g,gitsign',
    '500,/home/go,500u,500g,go',
    '500,/home/grype,500u,500g,grype',
    '500,/home/hugo,500u,500g,hugo',
    '500,/home/java,500u,500g,java',
    '500,/home/jcef_helper,500u,500g,jcef_helper',
    '500,/home/ko,500u,500g,ko',
    '500,/home/krel,500u,500g,krel',
    '500,/home/mconvert,500u,500g,mconvert',
    '500,/home/Melvor Idle,500u,500g,exe',
    '500,/home/nerdctl,500u,500g,nerdctl',
    '500,/home/promoter,500u,500g,promoter',
    '500,/home/publish-release,500u,500g,publish-release',
    '500,/home/python3,500u,500g,python3',
    '500,/home/slirp4netns,500u,500g,slirp4netns',
    '500,/home/steam,500u,100g,steam',
    '500,/home/steam,500u,500g,steam',
    '500,/home/steamwebhelper,500u,100g,steamwebhelper',
    '500,/home/steamwebhelper,500u,500g,steamwebhelper',
    '500,/home/terraform,500u,500g,terraform',
    '500,/home/trivy,500u,500g,trivy',
    '500,/home/WPILibInstaller,500u,500g,WPILibInstaller',
    '500,/ko-app/chainctl,u,g,chainctl',
    '500,/ko-app/controller,u,g,controller',
    '500,/ko-app/controlplane,u,g,controlplane',
    '500,/opt/1password,0u,0g,1password',
    '500,/opt/Brackets,0u,0g,Brackets',
    '500,/opt/brave,0u,0g,brave',
    '500,/opt/chrome,0u,0g,chrome',
    '500,/opt/Discord,0u,0g,Discord',
    '500,/opt/firefox,0u,0g,firefox',
    '500,/opt/firefox,0u,0g,Socket Process',
    '500,/opt/Keybase,0u,0g,Keybase',
    '500,/opt/kubectl,0u,0g,kubectl',
    '500,/opt/python3,500u,500g,python3',
    '500,/opt/slack,0u,0g,slack',
    '500,/opt/snap-store,0u,0g,snap-store',
    '500,/opt/spotify,0u,0g,spotify',
    '500,/opt/spotify,500u,500g,spotify',
    '500,/opt/terraform,0u,0g,terraform',
    '500,/opt/todoist,0u,0g,todoist',
    '500,/opt/zoom,0u,0g,zoom',
    '500,/sbin/apk,500u,500g,apk',
    '500,/sbin/apk,u,g,apk',
    '500,/tmp/jetbrains-toolbox,u,g,jetbrains-toolb',
    '500,/tmp/obsidian,u,g,obsidian',
    '500,/tmp/terraform,500u,500g,terraform',
    '500,/usr/abrt-action-generate-core-backtrace,0u,0g,abrt-action-gen',
    '500,/usr/apko,u,g,apko',
    '500,/usr/aws,0u,0g,aws',
    '500,/usr/bom,500u,500g,bom',
    '500,/usr/cargo,0u,0g,cargo',
    '500,/usr/chainctl,0u,0g,chainctl',
    '500,/usr/chainctl,500u,493g,chainctl',
    '500,/usr/chainctl,500u,500g,chainctl',
    '500,/usr/chrome,0u,0g,chrome',
    '500,/usr/code,0u,0g,code',
    '500,/usr/cosign,500u,500g,cosign',
    '500,/usr/cosign-linux-amd64,0u,0g,cosign',
    '500,/usr/curl,0u,0g,curl',
    '500,/usr/docker,0u,0g,docker',
    '500,/usr/electron,0u,0g,electron',
    '500,/usr/evolution-addressbook-factory,0u,0g,evolution-addre',
    '500,/usr/evolution-calendar-factory,0u,0g,evolution-calen',
    '500,/usr/firefox,0u,0g,firefox',
    '500,/usr/firefox,0u,0g,.firefox-wrappe',
    '500,/usr/firefox,0u,0g,Socket Process',
    '500,/usr/flameshot,0u,0g,flameshot',
    '500,/usr/flatpak-oci-authenticator,0u,0g,flatpak-oci-aut',
    '500,/usr/geoclue,0u,0g,geoclue',
    '500,/usr/git,0u,0g,git',
    '500,/usr/git-remote-http,0u,0g,git-remote-http',
    '500,/usr/gitsign,0u,0g,gitsign',
    '500,/usr/gitsign,500u,0g,gitsign',
    '500,/usr/gnome-recipes,0u,0g,gnome-recipes',
    '500,/usr/gnome-shell,0u,0g,gnome-shell',
    '500,/usr/gnome-software,0u,0g,gnome-software',
    '500,/usr/go,0u,0g,go',
    '500,/usr/go,500u,500g,go',
    '500,/usr/goa-daemon,0u,0g,goa-daemon',
    '500,/usr/go,u,g,go',
    '500,/usr/grype,0u,0g,grype',
    '500,/usr/gsd-datetime,0u,0g,gsd-datetime',
    '500,/usr/gvfsd-google,0u,0g,gvfsd-google',
    '500,/usr/gvfsd-http,0u,0g,gvfsd-http',
    '500,/usr/htop,0u,0g,htop',
    '500,/usr/io.elementary.appcenter,0u,0g,io.elementary.a',
    '500,/usr/java,0u,0g,java',
    '500,/usr/java,u,g,java',
    '500,/usr/kbfsfuse,0u,0g,kbfsfuse',
    '500,/usr/keybase,0u,0g,keybase',
    '500,/usr/ko,u,g,ko',
    '500,/usr/kubectl,500u,500g,kubectl',
    '500,/usr/lens,0u,0g,lens',
    '500,/usr/melange,u,g,melange',
    '500,/usr/nautilus,0u,0g,nautilus',
    '500,/usr/nix,0u,0g,nix',
    '500,/usr/node,0u,0g,node',
    '500,/usr/node,0u,0g,.node2nix-wrapp',
    '500,/usr/node,u,g,node',
    '500,/usr/obs,0u,0g,obs',
    '500,/usr/obs-ffmpeg-mux,0u,0g,obs-ffmpeg-mux',
    '500,/usr/pacman,0u,0g,pacman',
    '500,/usr/python3,0u,0g,python3',
    '500,/usr/python3.10,0u,0g,python',
    '500,/usr/python3.10,0u,0g,python3',
    '500,/usr/python3.11,0u,0g,gnome-abrt',
    '500,/usr/python3.11,0u,0g,prowler',
    '500,/usr/reporter-ureport,0u,0g,reporter-urepor',
    '500,/usr/rpi-imager,0u,0g,rpi-imager',
    '500,/usr/signal-desktop,0u,0g,signal-desktop',
    '500,/usr/signal-desktop,u,g,signal-desktop',
    '500,/usr/slack,0u,0g,slack',
    '500,/usr/spotify,0u,0g,spotify',
    '500,/usr/step,500u,500g,step',
    '500,/usr/step-cli,0u,0g,step',
    '500,/usr/syncthing,0u,0g,syncthing',
    '500,/usr/teams,0u,0g,teams',
    '500,/usr/terraform,0u,0g,terraform',
    '500,/usr/thunderbird,0u,0g,thunderbird',
    '500,/usr/trivy,0u,0g,trivy',
    '500,/usr/WebKitNetworkProcess,0u,0g,WebKitNetworkPr',
    '500,/usr/wget,0u,0g,wget',
    '500,/usr/xmobar,0u,0g,xmobar',
    '500,/usr/yay,0u,0g,yay',
    '88,6,500,/usr/syncthing,0u,0g,syncthing'
  )
  -- Exceptions where we have to be more flexible for the process name
  AND NOT exception_key LIKE '500,/usr/node,0u,0g,npm exec %'
  AND NOT exception_key LIKE '500,/usr/node,0u,0g,npm install %'
  AND NOT exception_key LIKE '500,%/terraform-provider-%,500u,500g,terraform-provi'
  AND NOT exception_key LIKE '0,/ko-app/%,u,g,%'
  -- stay weird, NixOS (Fastly nix mirror)
  AND NOT (
    pp.cmdline = '/run/current-system/sw/bin/bash'
    AND p.path LIKE '/nix/store/%'
    AND s.remote_address LIKE '151.101.%'
    AND s.state = 'ESTABLISHED'
  )
  AND NOT (
    exception_key = '500,/tmp/main,500u,500g,main'
    AND p.path LIKE '/tmp/go-build%/exe/main'
  )
  -- Exclude processes running inside of containers
  AND NOT p.cgroup_path LIKE '/system.slice/docker-%'
  AND NOT p.cgroup_path LIKE '/user.slice/user-%.slice/user@%.service/user.slice/nerdctl-%'
GROUP BY
  p.cmdline