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462 lines
14 KiB
TeX
462 lines
14 KiB
TeX
The WiFi settings are configured in the file \texttt{/etc/config/wireless}
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(currently supported on Broadcom, Atheros and mac80211). When booting the router for the first time
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it should detect your card and create a sample configuration file. By default '\texttt{option network lan}' is
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commented. This prevents unsecured sharing of the network over the wireless interface.
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Each wireless driver has its own configuration script in \texttt{/lib/wifi/driver\_name.sh} which handles
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driver specific options and configurations. This script is also calling driver specific binaries like wlc for
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Broadcom, or hostapd and wpa\_supplicant for atheros.
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The reason for using such architecture, is that it abstracts the driver configuration.
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\paragraph{Generic Broadcom wireless config:}
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-device "wl0"
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option type "broadcom"
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option channel "5"
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config wifi-iface
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option device "wl0"
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# option network lan
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option mode "ap"
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option ssid "OpenWrt"
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option hidden "0"
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option encryption "none"
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\end{Verbatim}
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\paragraph{Generic Atheros wireless config:}
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-device "wifi0"
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option type "atheros"
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option channel "5"
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option hwmode "11g"
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config wifi-iface
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option device "wifi0"
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# option network lan
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option mode "ap"
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option ssid "OpenWrt"
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option hidden "0"
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option encryption "none"
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\end{Verbatim}
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\paragraph{Generic mac80211 wireless config:}
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-device "wifi0"
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option type "mac80211"
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option channel "5"
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config wifi-iface
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option device "wlan0"
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# option network lan
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option mode "ap"
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option ssid "OpenWrt"
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option hidden "0"
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option encryption "none"
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\end{Verbatim}
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\paragraph{Generic multi-radio Atheros wireless config:}
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-device wifi0
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option type atheros
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option channel 1
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config wifi-iface
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option device wifi0
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# option network lan
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option mode ap
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option ssid OpenWrt_private
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option hidden 0
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option encryption none
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config wifi-device wifi1
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option type atheros
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option channel 11
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config wifi-iface
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option device wifi1
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# option network lan
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option mode ap
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option ssid OpenWrt_public
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option hidden 1
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option encryption none
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\end{Verbatim}
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There are two types of config sections in this file. The '\texttt{wifi-device}' refers to
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the physical wifi interface and '\texttt{wifi-iface}' configures a virtual interface on top
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of that (if supported by the driver).
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A full outline of the wireless configuration file with description of each field:
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-device wifi device name
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option type broadcom, atheros, mac80211
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option country us, uk, fr, de, etc.
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option channel 1-14
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option maxassoc 1-128 (broadcom only)
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option distance 1-n
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option hwmode 11b, 11g, 11a, 11bg (atheros, mac80211)
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option rxantenna 0,1,2 (atheros, broadcom)
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option txantenna 0,1,2 (atheros, broadcom)
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option txpower transmission power in dBm
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config wifi-iface
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option network the interface you want wifi to bridge with
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option device wifi0, wifi1, wifi2, wifiN
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option mode ap, sta, adhoc, monitor, mesh, or wds
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option txpower (deprecated) transmission power in dBm
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option ssid ssid name
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option bssid bssid address
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option encryption none, wep, psk, psk2, wpa, wpa2
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option key encryption key
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option key1 key 1
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option key2 key 2
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option key3 key 3
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option key4 key 4
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option server ip address
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option port port
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option hidden 0,1
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option isolate 0,1
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\end{Verbatim}
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\paragraph{Options for the \texttt{wifi-device}:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \texttt{type} \\
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The driver to use for this interface.
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\item \texttt{country} \\
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The country code used to determine the regulatory settings.
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\item \texttt{channel} \\
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The wifi channel (e.g. 1-14, depending on your country setting).
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\item \texttt{maxassoc} \\
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Optional: Maximum number of associated clients. This feature is supported only on the broadcom chipset.
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\item \texttt{distance} \\
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Optional: Distance between the ap and the furthest client in meters. This feature is supported only on the atheros chipset.
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\item \texttt{mode} \\
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The frequency band (\texttt{b}, \texttt{g}, \texttt{bg}, \texttt{a}). This feature is only supported on the atheros chipset.
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\item \texttt{diversity} \\
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Optional: Enable diversity for the Wi-Fi device. This feature is supported only on the atheros chipset.
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\item \texttt{rxantenna} \\
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Optional: Antenna identifier (0, 1 or 2) for reception. This feature is supported by atheros and some broadcom chipsets.
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\item \texttt{txantenna} \\
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Optional: Antenna identifier (0, 1 or 2) for emission. This feature is supported by atheros and some broadcom chipsets.
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\item \texttt{txpower}
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Set the transmission power to be used. The amount is specified in dBm.
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\end{itemize}
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\paragraph{Options for the \texttt{wifi-iface}:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \texttt{network} \\
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Selects the interface section from \texttt{/etc/config/network} to be
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used with this interface
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\item \texttt{device} \\
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Set the wifi device name.
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\item \texttt{mode} \\
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Operating mode:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \texttt{ap} \\
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Access point mode
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\item \texttt{sta} \\
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Client mode
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\item \texttt{adhoc} \\
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Ad-Hoc mode
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\item \texttt{monitor} \\
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Monitor mode
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\item \texttt{mesh} \\
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Mesh Point mode (802.11s)
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\item \texttt{wds} \\
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WDS point-to-point link
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\end{itemize}
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\item \texttt{ssid}
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Set the SSID to be used on the wifi device.
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\item \texttt{bssid}
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Set the BSSID address to be used for wds to set the mac address of the other wds unit.
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\item \texttt{txpower}
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(Deprecated, set in wifi-device) Set the transmission power to be used. The amount is specified in dBm.
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\item \texttt{encryption} \\
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Encryption setting. Accepts the following values:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \texttt{none}
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\item \texttt{wep}
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\item \texttt{psk}, \texttt{psk2} \\
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WPA(2) Pre-shared Key
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\item \texttt{wpa}, \texttt{wpa2} \\
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WPA(2) RADIUS
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\end{itemize}
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\item \texttt{key, key1, key2, key3, key4} (wep, wpa and psk) \\
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WEP key, WPA key (PSK mode) or the RADIUS shared secret (WPA RADIUS mode)
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\item \texttt{server} (wpa) \\
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The RADIUS server ip address
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\item \texttt{port} (wpa) \\
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The RADIUS server port (defaults to 1812)
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\item \texttt{hidden} \\
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0 broadcasts the ssid; 1 disables broadcasting of the ssid
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\item \texttt{isolate} \\
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Optional: Isolation is a mode usually set on hotspots that limits the clients to communicate only with the AP and not with other wireless clients.
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0 disables ap isolation (default); 1 enables ap isolation.
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\end{itemize}
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\paragraph{Mesh Point}
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Mesh Point (802.11s) is only supported by some mac80211 drivers. It requires the iw package
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to be installed to setup mesh links. OpenWrt creates mshN mesh point interfaces.
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\paragraph{Wireless Distribution System}
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WDS is a non-standard mode which will be working between two Broadcom devices for instance
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but not between a Broadcom and Atheros device.
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\subparagraph{Unencrypted WDS connections}
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This configuration example shows you how to setup unencrypted WDS connections.
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We assume that the peer configured as below as the BSSID ca:fe:ba:be:00:01
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and the remote WDS endpoint ca:fe:ba:be:00:02 (option bssid field).
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-device "wl0"
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option type "broadcom"
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option channel "5"
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config wifi-iface
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option device "wl0"
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option network lan
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option mode "ap"
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option ssid "OpenWrt"
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option hidden "0"
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option encryption "none"
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config wifi-iface
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option device "wl0"
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option network lan
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option mode wds
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option ssid "OpenWrt WDS"
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option bssid "ca:fe:ba:be:00:02"
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\end{Verbatim}
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\subparagraph{Encrypted WDS connections}
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It is also possible to encrypt WDS connections. \texttt{psk}, \texttt{psk2} and
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\texttt{psk+psk2} modes are supported. Configuration below is an example
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configuration using Pre-Shared-Keys with AES algorithm.
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-device wl0
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option type broadcom
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option channel 5
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config wifi-iface
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option device "wl0"
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option network lan
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option mode ap
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option ssid "OpenWrt"
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option encryption psk2
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option key "<key for clients>"
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config wifi-iface
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option device "wl0"
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option network lan
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option mode wds
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option bssid ca:fe:ba:be:00:02
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option ssid "OpenWrt WDS"
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option encryption psk2
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option key "<psk for WDS>"
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\end{Verbatim}
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\paragraph{802.1x configurations}
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OpenWrt supports both 802.1x client and Access Point
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configurations. 802.1x client is only working with
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Atheros or mac80211 drivers. Configuration only
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supports EAP types TLS, TTLS or PEAP.
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\subparagraph{EAP-TLS}
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-iface
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option device "ath0"
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option network lan
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option ssid OpenWrt
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option eap_type tls
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option ca_cert "/etc/config/certs/ca.crt"
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option priv_key "/etc/config/certs/priv.crt"
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option priv_key_pwd "PKCS#12 passphrase"
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\end{Verbatim}
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\subparagraph{EAP-PEAP}
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\begin{Verbatim}
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config wifi-iface
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option device "ath0"
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option network lan
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option ssid OpenWrt
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option eap_type peap
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option ca_cert "/etc/config/certs/ca.crt"
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option auth MSCHAPV2
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option identity username
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option password password
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\end{Verbatim}
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\paragraph{Limitations:}
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There are certain limitations when combining modes.
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Only the following mode combinations are supported:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Broadcom}: \\
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 1x \texttt{sta}, 0-3x \texttt{ap}
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\item 1-4x \texttt{ap}
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\item 1x \texttt{adhoc}
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\item 1x \texttt{monitor}
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\end{itemize}
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WDS links can only be used in pure AP mode and cannot use WEP (except when sharing the
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settings with the master interface, which is done automatically).
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\item \textbf{Atheros}: \\
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 1x \texttt{sta}, 0-Nx \texttt{ap}
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\item 1-Nx \texttt{ap}
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\item 1x \texttt{adhoc}
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\end{itemize}
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N is the maximum number of VAPs that the module allows, it defaults to 4, but can be
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changed by loading the module with the maxvaps=N parameter.
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\end{itemize}
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\paragraph{Adding a new driver configuration}
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Since we currently only support thread different wireless drivers : Broadcom, Atheros and mac80211,
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you might be interested in adding support for another driver like Ralink RT2x00,
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Texas Instruments ACX100/111.
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The driver specific script should be placed in \texttt{/lib/wifi/<driver>.sh} and has to
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include several functions providing :
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\begin{itemize}
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\item detection of the driver presence
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\item enabling/disabling the wifi interface(s)
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\item configuration reading and setting
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\item third-party programs calling (nas, supplicant)
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\end{itemize}
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Each driver script should append the driver to a global DRIVERS variable :
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\begin{Verbatim}
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append DRIVERS "driver name"
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\end{Verbatim}
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\subparagraph{\texttt{scan\_<driver>}}
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This function will parse the \texttt{/etc/config/wireless} and make sure there
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are no configuration incompatibilities, like enabling hidden SSIDS with ad-hoc mode
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for instance. This can be more complex if your driver supports a lof of configuration
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options. It does not change the state of the interface.
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Example:
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\begin{Verbatim}
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scan_dummy() {
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local device="$1"
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config_get vifs "$device" vifs
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for vif in $vifs; do
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# check config consistency for wifi-iface sections
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done
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# check mode combination
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}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\subparagraph{\texttt{enable\_<driver>}}
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This function will bring up the wifi device and optionally create application specific
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configuration files, e.g. for the WPA authenticator or supplicant.
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Example:
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\begin{Verbatim}
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enable_dummy() {
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local device="$1"
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config_get vifs "$device" vifs
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for vif in $vifs; do
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# bring up virtual interface belonging to
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# the wifi-device "$device"
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done
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}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\subparagraph{\texttt{disable\_<driver>}}
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This function will bring down the wifi device and all its virtual interfaces (if supported).
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Example:
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\begin{Verbatim}
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disable_dummy() {
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local device="$1"
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# bring down virtual interfaces belonging to
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# "$device" regardless of whether they are
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# configured or not. Don't rely on the vifs
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# variable at this point
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}
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\end{Verbatim}
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\subparagraph{\texttt{detect\_<driver>}}
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This function looks for interfaces that are usable with the driver. Template config sections
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for new devices should be written to stdout. Must check for already existing config sections
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belonging to the interfaces before creating new templates.
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Example:
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\begin{Verbatim}
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detect_dummy() {
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[ wifi-device = "$(config_get dummydev type)" ] && return 0
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cat <<EOF
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config wifi-device dummydev
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option type dummy
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# REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:
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option disabled 1
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config wifi-iface
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option device dummydev
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option mode ap
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option ssid OpenWrt
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EOF
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}
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\end{Verbatim}
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