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[auth-options.c channels.c channels.h clientloop.c compat.c compat.h] [misc.c misc.h readconf.c readconf.h servconf.c ssh.1 ssh.c ssh_config.5] [sshd_config.5] bz#413: allow optional specification of bind address for port forwardings. Patch originally by Dan Astorian, but worked on by several people Adds GatewayPorts=clientspecified option on server to allow remote forwards to bind to client-specified ports.
826 lines
23 KiB
Groff
826 lines
23 KiB
Groff
.\" -*- nroff -*-
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.\"
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.\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
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.\" All rights reserved
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.\"
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.\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
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.\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
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.\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
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.\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
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.\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $OpenBSD: sshd_config.5,v 1.39 2005/03/01 10:09:52 djm Exp $
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.Dd September 25, 1999
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.Dt SSHD_CONFIG 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm sshd_config
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.Nd OpenSSH SSH daemon configuration file
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
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.It Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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.El
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm sshd
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reads configuration data from
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.Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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(or the file specified with
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.Fl f
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on the command line).
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The file contains keyword-argument pairs, one per line.
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Lines starting with
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.Ql #
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and empty lines are interpreted as comments.
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.Pp
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The possible
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keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that
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keywords are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive):
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm AcceptEnv
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Specifies what environment variables sent by the client will be copied into
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the session's
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.Xr environ 7 .
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See
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.Cm SendEnv
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in
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.Xr ssh_config 5
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for how to configure the client.
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Note that environment passing is only supported for protocol 2.
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Variables are specified by name, which may contain the wildcard characters
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.Ql \&*
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and
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.Ql \&? .
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Multiple environment variables may be separated by whitespace or spread
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across multiple
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.Cm AcceptEnv
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directives.
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Be warned that some environment variables could be used to bypass restricted
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user environments.
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For this reason, care should be taken in the use of this directive.
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The default is not to accept any environment variables.
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.It Cm AddressFamily
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Specifies which address family should be used by
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.Nm sshd .
|
|
Valid arguments are
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.Dq any ,
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.Dq inet
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(use IPv4 only) or
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|
.Dq inet6
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|
(use IPv6 only).
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|
The default is
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|
.Dq any .
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|
.It Cm AllowGroups
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|
This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated
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by spaces.
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|
If specified, login is allowed only for users whose primary
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|
group or supplementary group list matches one of the patterns.
|
|
.Ql \&*
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|
and
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|
.Ql \&?
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|
can be used as
|
|
wildcards in the patterns.
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Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized.
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By default, login is allowed for all groups.
|
|
.It Cm AllowTcpForwarding
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|
Specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted.
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|
The default is
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.Dq yes .
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Note that disabling TCP forwarding does not improve security unless
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users are also denied shell access, as they can always install their
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own forwarders.
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|
.It Cm AllowUsers
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This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated
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by spaces.
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If specified, login is allowed only for user names that
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match one of the patterns.
|
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.Ql \&*
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and
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|
.Ql \&?
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|
can be used as
|
|
wildcards in the patterns.
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|
Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized.
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|
By default, login is allowed for all users.
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|
If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST
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are separately checked, restricting logins to particular
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users from particular hosts.
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|
.It Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
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|
Specifies the file that contains the public keys that can be used
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|
for user authentication.
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|
.Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
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|
may contain tokens of the form %T which are substituted during connection
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set-up.
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The following tokens are defined: %% is replaced by a literal '%',
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%h is replaced by the home directory of the user being authenticated and
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%u is replaced by the username of that user.
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After expansion,
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|
.Cm AuthorizedKeysFile
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|
is taken to be an absolute path or one relative to the user's home
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directory.
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The default is
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|
.Dq .ssh/authorized_keys .
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|
.It Cm Banner
|
|
In some jurisdictions, sending a warning message before authentication
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|
may be relevant for getting legal protection.
|
|
The contents of the specified file are sent to the remote user before
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authentication is allowed.
|
|
This option is only available for protocol version 2.
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By default, no banner is displayed.
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|
.It Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication
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|
Specifies whether challenge response authentication is allowed.
|
|
All authentication styles from
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.Xr login.conf 5
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|
are supported.
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|
The default is
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.Dq yes .
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|
.It Cm Ciphers
|
|
Specifies the ciphers allowed for protocol version 2.
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|
Multiple ciphers must be comma-separated.
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|
The supported ciphers are
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|
.Dq 3des-cbc ,
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|
.Dq aes128-cbc ,
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.Dq aes192-cbc ,
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.Dq aes256-cbc ,
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.Dq aes128-ctr ,
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.Dq aes192-ctr ,
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.Dq aes256-ctr ,
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.Dq arcfour ,
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.Dq blowfish-cbc ,
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and
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.Dq cast128-cbc .
|
|
The default is
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.Bd -literal
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``aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour,
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aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr''
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.Ed
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|
.It Cm ClientAliveInterval
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|
Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received
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from the client,
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.Nm sshd
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will send a message through the encrypted
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channel to request a response from the client.
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The default
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is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to the client.
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This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
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.It Cm ClientAliveCountMax
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Sets the number of client alive messages (see above) which may be
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sent without
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.Nm sshd
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receiving any messages back from the client.
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If this threshold is reached while client alive messages are being sent,
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.Nm sshd
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will disconnect the client, terminating the session.
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It is important to note that the use of client alive messages is very
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different from
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.Cm TCPKeepAlive
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(below).
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The client alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel
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and therefore will not be spoofable.
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The TCP keepalive option enabled by
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.Cm TCPKeepAlive
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|
is spoofable.
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The client alive mechanism is valuable when the client or
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server depend on knowing when a connection has become inactive.
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.Pp
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|
The default value is 3.
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If
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.Cm ClientAliveInterval
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|
(above) is set to 15, and
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|
.Cm ClientAliveCountMax
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|
is left at the default, unresponsive ssh clients
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|
will be disconnected after approximately 45 seconds.
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|
.It Cm Compression
|
|
Specifies whether compression is allowed.
|
|
The argument must be
|
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.Dq yes
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|
or
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|
.Dq no .
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|
The default is
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|
.Dq yes .
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|
.It Cm DenyGroups
|
|
This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated
|
|
by spaces.
|
|
Login is disallowed for users whose primary group or supplementary
|
|
group list matches one of the patterns.
|
|
.Ql \&*
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|
and
|
|
.Ql \&?
|
|
can be used as
|
|
wildcards in the patterns.
|
|
Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized.
|
|
By default, login is allowed for all groups.
|
|
.It Cm DenyUsers
|
|
This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated
|
|
by spaces.
|
|
Login is disallowed for user names that match one of the patterns.
|
|
.Ql \&*
|
|
and
|
|
.Ql \&?
|
|
can be used as wildcards in the patterns.
|
|
Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized.
|
|
By default, login is allowed for all users.
|
|
If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST
|
|
are separately checked, restricting logins to particular
|
|
users from particular hosts.
|
|
.It Cm GatewayPorts
|
|
Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to ports
|
|
forwarded for the client.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
binds remote port forwardings to the loopback address.
|
|
This prevents other remote hosts from connecting to forwarded ports.
|
|
.Cm GatewayPorts
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|
can be used to specify that
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.Nm sshd
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|
should allow remote port forwardings to bind to non-loopback addresses, thus
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|
allowing other hosts to connect.
|
|
The argument may be
|
|
.Dq no
|
|
to force remote port forwardings to be available to the local host only,
|
|
.Dq yes
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|
to force remote port forwardings to bind to the wildcard address, or
|
|
.Dq clientspecified
|
|
to allow the client to select the address to which the forwarding is bound.
|
|
The default is
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|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm GSSAPIAuthentication
|
|
Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
|
|
.It Cm GSSAPICleanupCredentials
|
|
Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's credentials cache
|
|
on logout.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
|
|
.It Cm HostbasedAuthentication
|
|
Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together
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|
with successful public key client host authentication is allowed
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|
(hostbased authentication).
|
|
This option is similar to
|
|
.Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
|
|
and applies to protocol version 2 only.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm HostKey
|
|
Specifies a file containing a private host key
|
|
used by SSH.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
|
|
for protocol version 1, and
|
|
.Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
|
|
for protocol version 2.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
will refuse to use a file if it is group/world-accessible.
|
|
It is possible to have multiple host key files.
|
|
.Dq rsa1
|
|
keys are used for version 1 and
|
|
.Dq dsa
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq rsa
|
|
are used for version 2 of the SSH protocol.
|
|
.It Cm IgnoreRhosts
|
|
Specifies that
|
|
.Pa .rhosts
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa .shosts
|
|
files will not be used in
|
|
.Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/shosts.equiv
|
|
are still used.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm IgnoreUserKnownHosts
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
should ignore the user's
|
|
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
|
|
during
|
|
.Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm HostbasedAuthentication .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm KerberosAuthentication
|
|
Specifies whether the password provided by the user for
|
|
.Cm PasswordAuthentication
|
|
will be validated through the Kerberos KDC.
|
|
To use this option, the server needs a
|
|
Kerberos servtab which allows the verification of the KDC's identity.
|
|
Default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm KerberosGetAFSToken
|
|
If AFS is active and the user has a Kerberos 5 TGT, attempt to aquire
|
|
an AFS token before accessing the user's home directory.
|
|
Default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm KerberosOrLocalPasswd
|
|
If set then if password authentication through Kerberos fails then
|
|
the password will be validated via any additional local mechanism
|
|
such as
|
|
.Pa /etc/passwd .
|
|
Default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm KerberosTicketCleanup
|
|
Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's ticket cache
|
|
file on logout.
|
|
Default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm KeyRegenerationInterval
|
|
In protocol version 1, the ephemeral server key is automatically regenerated
|
|
after this many seconds (if it has been used).
|
|
The purpose of regeneration is to prevent
|
|
decrypting captured sessions by later breaking into the machine and
|
|
stealing the keys.
|
|
The key is never stored anywhere.
|
|
If the value is 0, the key is never regenerated.
|
|
The default is 3600 (seconds).
|
|
.It Cm ListenAddress
|
|
Specifies the local addresses
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
should listen on.
|
|
The following forms may be used:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
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|
.It
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|
.Cm ListenAddress
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|
.Sm off
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|
.Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No | Ar IPv6_addr
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|
.Sm on
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|
.It
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|
.Cm ListenAddress
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No : Ar port
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.It
|
|
.Cm ListenAddress
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Oo
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|
.Ar host No | Ar IPv6_addr Oc : Ar port
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar port
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|
is not specified,
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
will listen on the address and all prior
|
|
.Cm Port
|
|
options specified.
|
|
The default is to listen on all local addresses.
|
|
Multiple
|
|
.Cm ListenAddress
|
|
options are permitted.
|
|
Additionally, any
|
|
.Cm Port
|
|
options must precede this option for non port qualified addresses.
|
|
.It Cm LoginGraceTime
|
|
The server disconnects after this time if the user has not
|
|
successfully logged in.
|
|
If the value is 0, there is no time limit.
|
|
The default is 120 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm LogLevel
|
|
Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
|
|
.Nm sshd .
|
|
The possible values are:
|
|
QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2 and DEBUG3.
|
|
The default is INFO.
|
|
DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent.
|
|
DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify higher levels of debugging output.
|
|
Logging with a DEBUG level violates the privacy of users and is not recommended.
|
|
.It Cm MACs
|
|
Specifies the available MAC (message authentication code) algorithms.
|
|
The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2
|
|
for data integrity protection.
|
|
Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 .
|
|
.It Cm MaxAuthTries
|
|
Specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per
|
|
connection.
|
|
Once the number of failures reaches half this value,
|
|
additional failures are logged.
|
|
The default is 6.
|
|
.It Cm MaxStartups
|
|
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
daemon.
|
|
Additional connections will be dropped until authentication succeeds or the
|
|
.Cm LoginGraceTime
|
|
expires for a connection.
|
|
The default is 10.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying
|
|
the three colon separated values
|
|
.Dq start:rate:full
|
|
(e.g., "10:30:60").
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
will refuse connection attempts with a probability of
|
|
.Dq rate/100
|
|
(30%)
|
|
if there are currently
|
|
.Dq start
|
|
(10)
|
|
unauthenticated connections.
|
|
The probability increases linearly and all connection attempts
|
|
are refused if the number of unauthenticated connections reaches
|
|
.Dq full
|
|
(60).
|
|
.It Cm PasswordAuthentication
|
|
Specifies whether password authentication is allowed.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm PermitEmptyPasswords
|
|
When password authentication is allowed, it specifies whether the
|
|
server allows login to accounts with empty password strings.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm PermitRootLogin
|
|
Specifies whether root can log in using
|
|
.Xr ssh 1 .
|
|
The argument must be
|
|
.Dq yes ,
|
|
.Dq without-password ,
|
|
.Dq forced-commands-only
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If this option is set to
|
|
.Dq without-password
|
|
password authentication is disabled for root.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If this option is set to
|
|
.Dq forced-commands-only
|
|
root login with public key authentication will be allowed,
|
|
but only if the
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
option has been specified
|
|
(which may be useful for taking remote backups even if root login is
|
|
normally not allowed).
|
|
All other authentication methods are disabled for root.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If this option is set to
|
|
.Dq no
|
|
root is not allowed to log in.
|
|
.It Cm PermitUserEnvironment
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Pa ~/.ssh/environment
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm environment=
|
|
options in
|
|
.Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
|
|
are processed by
|
|
.Nm sshd .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
Enabling environment processing may enable users to bypass access
|
|
restrictions in some configurations using mechanisms such as
|
|
.Ev LD_PRELOAD .
|
|
.It Cm PidFile
|
|
Specifies the file that contains the process ID of the
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
daemon.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Pa /var/run/sshd.pid .
|
|
.It Cm Port
|
|
Specifies the port number that
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
listens on.
|
|
The default is 22.
|
|
Multiple options of this type are permitted.
|
|
See also
|
|
.Cm ListenAddress .
|
|
.It Cm PrintLastLog
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
should print the date and time of the last user login when a user logs
|
|
in interactively.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm PrintMotd
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
should print
|
|
.Pa /etc/motd
|
|
when a user logs in interactively.
|
|
(On some systems it is also printed by the shell,
|
|
.Pa /etc/profile ,
|
|
or equivalent.)
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm Protocol
|
|
Specifies the protocol versions
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
supports.
|
|
The possible values are
|
|
.Dq 1
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq 2 .
|
|
Multiple versions must be comma-separated.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq 2,1 .
|
|
Note that the order of the protocol list does not indicate preference,
|
|
because the client selects among multiple protocol versions offered
|
|
by the server.
|
|
Specifying
|
|
.Dq 2,1
|
|
is identical to
|
|
.Dq 1,2 .
|
|
.It Cm PubkeyAuthentication
|
|
Specifies whether public key authentication is allowed.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
|
|
.It Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication
|
|
Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together
|
|
with successful RSA host authentication is allowed.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
This option applies to protocol version 1 only.
|
|
.It Cm RSAAuthentication
|
|
Specifies whether pure RSA authentication is allowed.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
This option applies to protocol version 1 only.
|
|
.It Cm ServerKeyBits
|
|
Defines the number of bits in the ephemeral protocol version 1 server key.
|
|
The minimum value is 512, and the default is 768.
|
|
.It Cm StrictModes
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
should check file modes and ownership of the
|
|
user's files and home directory before accepting login.
|
|
This is normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally leave their
|
|
directory or files world-writable.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm Subsystem
|
|
Configures an external subsystem (e.g., file transfer daemon).
|
|
Arguments should be a subsystem name and a command to execute upon subsystem
|
|
request.
|
|
The command
|
|
.Xr sftp-server 8
|
|
implements the
|
|
.Dq sftp
|
|
file transfer subsystem.
|
|
By default no subsystems are defined.
|
|
Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
|
|
.It Cm SyslogFacility
|
|
Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages from
|
|
.Nm sshd .
|
|
The possible values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2,
|
|
LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7.
|
|
The default is AUTH.
|
|
.It Cm TCPKeepAlive
|
|
Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages to the
|
|
other side.
|
|
If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one
|
|
of the machines will be properly noticed.
|
|
However, this means that
|
|
connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people
|
|
find it annoying.
|
|
On the other hand, if TCP keepalives are not sent,
|
|
sessions may hang indefinitely on the server, leaving
|
|
.Dq ghost
|
|
users and consuming server resources.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes
|
|
(to send TCP keepalive messages), and the server will notice
|
|
if the network goes down or the client host crashes.
|
|
This avoids infinitely hanging sessions.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm UseDNS
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
should lookup the remote host name and check that
|
|
the resolved host name for the remote IP address maps back to the
|
|
very same IP address.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm UseLogin
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Xr login 1
|
|
is used for interactive login sessions.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Xr login 1
|
|
is never used for remote command execution.
|
|
Note also, that if this is enabled,
|
|
.Cm X11Forwarding
|
|
will be disabled because
|
|
.Xr login 1
|
|
does not know how to handle
|
|
.Xr xauth 1
|
|
cookies.
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation
|
|
is specified, it will be disabled after authentication.
|
|
.It Cm UsePAM
|
|
Enables the Pluggable Authentication Module interface.
|
|
If set to
|
|
.Dq yes
|
|
this will enable PAM authentication using
|
|
.Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication
|
|
and PAM account and session module processing for all authentication types.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Because PAM challenge-response authentication usually serves an equivalent
|
|
role to password authentication, you should disable either
|
|
.Cm PasswordAuthentication
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm UsePAM
|
|
is enabled, you will not be able to run
|
|
.Xr sshd 8
|
|
as a non-root user.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.It Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
separates privileges by creating an unprivileged child process
|
|
to deal with incoming network traffic.
|
|
After successful authentication, another process will be created that has
|
|
the privilege of the authenticated user.
|
|
The goal of privilege separation is to prevent privilege
|
|
escalation by containing any corruption within the unprivileged processes.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm X11DisplayOffset
|
|
Specifies the first display number available for
|
|
.Nm sshd Ns 's
|
|
X11 forwarding.
|
|
This prevents
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
from interfering with real X11 servers.
|
|
The default is 10.
|
|
.It Cm X11Forwarding
|
|
Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted.
|
|
The argument must be
|
|
.Dq yes
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure to
|
|
the server and to client displays if the
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
proxy display is configured to listen on the wildcard address (see
|
|
.Cm X11UseLocalhost
|
|
below), however this is not the default.
|
|
Additionally, the authentication spoofing and authentication data
|
|
verification and substitution occur on the client side.
|
|
The security risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11
|
|
display server may be exposed to attack when the ssh client requests
|
|
forwarding (see the warnings for
|
|
.Cm ForwardX11
|
|
in
|
|
.Xr ssh_config 5 ) .
|
|
A system administrator may have a stance in which they want to
|
|
protect clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly
|
|
requesting X11 forwarding, which can warrant a
|
|
.Dq no
|
|
setting.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that disabling X11 forwarding does not prevent users from
|
|
forwarding X11 traffic, as users can always install their own forwarders.
|
|
X11 forwarding is automatically disabled if
|
|
.Cm UseLogin
|
|
is enabled.
|
|
.It Cm X11UseLocalhost
|
|
Specifies whether
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
should bind the X11 forwarding server to the loopback address or to
|
|
the wildcard address.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and sets the
|
|
hostname part of the
|
|
.Ev DISPLAY
|
|
environment variable to
|
|
.Dq localhost .
|
|
This prevents remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display.
|
|
However, some older X11 clients may not function with this
|
|
configuration.
|
|
.Cm X11UseLocalhost
|
|
may be set to
|
|
.Dq no
|
|
to specify that the forwarding server should be bound to the wildcard
|
|
address.
|
|
The argument must be
|
|
.Dq yes
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq no .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq yes .
|
|
.It Cm XAuthLocation
|
|
Specifies the full pathname of the
|
|
.Xr xauth 1
|
|
program.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Pa /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Time Formats
|
|
.Nm sshd
|
|
command-line arguments and configuration file options that specify time
|
|
may be expressed using a sequence of the form:
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar time Op Ar qualifier ,
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar time
|
|
is a positive integer value and
|
|
.Ar qualifier
|
|
is one of the following:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It Cm <none>
|
|
seconds
|
|
.It Cm s | Cm S
|
|
seconds
|
|
.It Cm m | Cm M
|
|
minutes
|
|
.It Cm h | Cm H
|
|
hours
|
|
.It Cm d | Cm D
|
|
days
|
|
.It Cm w | Cm W
|
|
weeks
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each member of the sequence is added together to calculate
|
|
the total time value.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Time format examples:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It 600
|
|
600 seconds (10 minutes)
|
|
.It 10m
|
|
10 minutes
|
|
.It 1h30m
|
|
1 hour 30 minutes (90 minutes)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
|
Contains configuration data for
|
|
.Nm sshd .
|
|
This file should be writable by root only, but it is recommended
|
|
(though not necessary) that it be world-readable.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr sshd 8
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
|
|
ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
|
|
Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
|
|
Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
|
|
removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
|
|
created OpenSSH.
|
|
Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
|
|
protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
|
|
Niels Provos and Markus Friedl contributed support
|
|
for privilege separation.
|