/* $OpenBSD: auth.c,v 1.161 2024/05/17 00:30:23 djm Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include "includes.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H # include #endif #include #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_H #include #endif #ifdef USE_SHADOW #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "xmalloc.h" #include "match.h" #include "groupaccess.h" #include "log.h" #include "sshbuf.h" #include "misc.h" #include "servconf.h" #include "sshkey.h" #include "hostfile.h" #include "auth.h" #include "auth-options.h" #include "canohost.h" #include "uidswap.h" #include "packet.h" #include "loginrec.h" #ifdef GSSAPI #include "ssh-gss.h" #endif #include "authfile.h" #include "monitor_wrap.h" #include "ssherr.h" #include "channels.h" /* import */ extern ServerOptions options; extern struct include_list includes; extern struct sshbuf *loginmsg; extern struct passwd *privsep_pw; extern struct sshauthopt *auth_opts; /* Debugging messages */ static struct sshbuf *auth_debug; /* * Check if the user is allowed to log in via ssh. If user is listed * in DenyUsers or one of user's groups is listed in DenyGroups, false * will be returned. If AllowUsers isn't empty and user isn't listed * there, or if AllowGroups isn't empty and one of user's groups isn't * listed there, false will be returned. * If the user's shell is not executable, false will be returned. * Otherwise true is returned. */ int allowed_user(struct ssh *ssh, struct passwd * pw) { struct stat st; const char *hostname = NULL, *ipaddr = NULL; u_int i; int r; /* Shouldn't be called if pw is NULL, but better safe than sorry... */ if (!pw || !pw->pw_name) return 0; if (!options.use_pam && platform_locked_account(pw)) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because account is locked", pw->pw_name); return 0; } /* * Deny if shell does not exist or is not executable unless we * are chrooting. */ if (options.chroot_directory == NULL || strcasecmp(options.chroot_directory, "none") == 0) { char *shell = xstrdup((pw->pw_shell[0] == '\0') ? _PATH_BSHELL : pw->pw_shell); /* empty = /bin/sh */ if (stat(shell, &st) == -1) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because shell %.100s " "does not exist", pw->pw_name, shell); free(shell); return 0; } if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) == 0 || (st.st_mode & (S_IXOTH|S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP)) == 0) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because shell %.100s " "is not executable", pw->pw_name, shell); free(shell); return 0; } free(shell); } if (options.num_deny_users > 0 || options.num_allow_users > 0 || options.num_deny_groups > 0 || options.num_allow_groups > 0) { hostname = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns); ipaddr = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh); } /* Return false if user is listed in DenyUsers */ if (options.num_deny_users > 0) { for (i = 0; i < options.num_deny_users; i++) { r = match_user(pw->pw_name, hostname, ipaddr, options.deny_users[i]); if (r < 0) { fatal("Invalid DenyUsers pattern \"%.100s\"", options.deny_users[i]); } else if (r != 0) { logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed " "because listed in DenyUsers", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } } } /* Return false if AllowUsers isn't empty and user isn't listed there */ if (options.num_allow_users > 0) { for (i = 0; i < options.num_allow_users; i++) { r = match_user(pw->pw_name, hostname, ipaddr, options.allow_users[i]); if (r < 0) { fatal("Invalid AllowUsers pattern \"%.100s\"", options.allow_users[i]); } else if (r == 1) break; } /* i < options.num_allow_users iff we break for loop */ if (i >= options.num_allow_users) { logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed because " "not listed in AllowUsers", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } } if (options.num_deny_groups > 0 || options.num_allow_groups > 0) { /* Get the user's group access list (primary and supplementary) */ if (ga_init(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) == 0) { logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed because " "not in any group", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } /* Return false if one of user's groups is listed in DenyGroups */ if (options.num_deny_groups > 0) if (ga_match(options.deny_groups, options.num_deny_groups)) { ga_free(); logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed " "because a group is listed in DenyGroups", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } /* * Return false if AllowGroups isn't empty and one of user's groups * isn't listed there */ if (options.num_allow_groups > 0) if (!ga_match(options.allow_groups, options.num_allow_groups)) { ga_free(); logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed " "because none of user's groups are listed " "in AllowGroups", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } ga_free(); } #ifdef CUSTOM_SYS_AUTH_ALLOWED_USER if (!sys_auth_allowed_user(pw, loginmsg)) return 0; #endif /* We found no reason not to let this user try to log on... */ return 1; } /* * Formats any key left in authctxt->auth_method_key for inclusion in * auth_log()'s message. Also includes authxtct->auth_method_info if present. */ static char * format_method_key(Authctxt *authctxt) { const struct sshkey *key = authctxt->auth_method_key; const char *methinfo = authctxt->auth_method_info; char *fp, *cafp, *ret = NULL; if (key == NULL) return NULL; if (sshkey_is_cert(key)) { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); cafp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); xasprintf(&ret, "%s %s ID %s (serial %llu) CA %s %s%s%s", sshkey_type(key), fp == NULL ? "(null)" : fp, key->cert->key_id, (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial, sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), cafp == NULL ? "(null)" : cafp, methinfo == NULL ? "" : ", ", methinfo == NULL ? "" : methinfo); free(fp); free(cafp); } else { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); xasprintf(&ret, "%s %s%s%s", sshkey_type(key), fp == NULL ? "(null)" : fp, methinfo == NULL ? "" : ", ", methinfo == NULL ? "" : methinfo); free(fp); } return ret; } void auth_log(struct ssh *ssh, int authenticated, int partial, const char *method, const char *submethod) { Authctxt *authctxt = (Authctxt *)ssh->authctxt; int level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE; const char *authmsg; char *extra = NULL; if (!mm_is_monitor() && !authctxt->postponed) return; /* Raise logging level */ if (authenticated == 1 || !authctxt->valid || authctxt->failures >= options.max_authtries / 2 || strcmp(method, "password") == 0) level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO; if (authctxt->postponed) authmsg = "Postponed"; else if (partial) authmsg = "Partial"; else authmsg = authenticated ? "Accepted" : "Failed"; if ((extra = format_method_key(authctxt)) == NULL) { if (authctxt->auth_method_info != NULL) extra = xstrdup(authctxt->auth_method_info); } do_log2(level, "%s %s%s%s for %s%.100s from %.200s port %d ssh2%s%s", authmsg, method, submethod != NULL ? "/" : "", submethod == NULL ? "" : submethod, authctxt->valid ? "" : "invalid user ", authctxt->user, ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh), extra != NULL ? ": " : "", extra != NULL ? extra : ""); free(extra); #if defined(CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN) || defined(SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS) if (authenticated == 0 && !(authctxt->postponed || partial)) { /* Log failed login attempt */ # ifdef CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN if (strcmp(method, "password") == 0 || strncmp(method, "keyboard-interactive", 20) == 0 || strcmp(method, "challenge-response") == 0) record_failed_login(ssh, authctxt->user, auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns), "ssh"); # endif # ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS audit_event(ssh, audit_classify_auth(method)); # endif } #endif #if defined(CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN) && defined(WITH_AIXAUTHENTICATE) if (authenticated) sys_auth_record_login(authctxt->user, auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns), "ssh", loginmsg); #endif } void auth_maxtries_exceeded(struct ssh *ssh) { Authctxt *authctxt = (Authctxt *)ssh->authctxt; error("maximum authentication attempts exceeded for " "%s%.100s from %.200s port %d ssh2", authctxt->valid ? "" : "invalid user ", authctxt->user, ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh)); ssh_packet_disconnect(ssh, "Too many authentication failures"); /* NOTREACHED */ } /* * Check whether root logins are disallowed. */ int auth_root_allowed(struct ssh *ssh, const char *method) { switch (options.permit_root_login) { case PERMIT_YES: return 1; case PERMIT_NO_PASSWD: if (strcmp(method, "publickey") == 0 || strcmp(method, "hostbased") == 0 || strcmp(method, "gssapi-with-mic") == 0) return 1; break; case PERMIT_FORCED_ONLY: if (auth_opts->force_command != NULL) { logit("Root login accepted for forced command."); return 1; } break; } logit("ROOT LOGIN REFUSED FROM %.200s port %d", ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh)); return 0; } /* * Given a template and a passwd structure, build a filename * by substituting % tokenised options. Currently, %% becomes '%', * %h becomes the home directory and %u the username. * * This returns a buffer allocated by xmalloc. */ char * expand_authorized_keys(const char *filename, struct passwd *pw) { char *file, uidstr[32], ret[PATH_MAX]; int i; snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%llu", (unsigned long long)pw->pw_uid); file = percent_expand(filename, "h", pw->pw_dir, "u", pw->pw_name, "U", uidstr, (char *)NULL); /* * Ensure that filename starts anchored. If not, be backward * compatible and prepend the '%h/' */ if (path_absolute(file)) return (file); i = snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, file); if (i < 0 || (size_t)i >= sizeof(ret)) fatal("expand_authorized_keys: path too long"); free(file); return (xstrdup(ret)); } char * authorized_principals_file(struct passwd *pw) { if (options.authorized_principals_file == NULL) return NULL; return expand_authorized_keys(options.authorized_principals_file, pw); } /* return ok if key exists in sysfile or userfile */ HostStatus check_key_in_hostfiles(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *key, const char *host, const char *sysfile, const char *userfile) { char *user_hostfile; struct stat st; HostStatus host_status; struct hostkeys *hostkeys; const struct hostkey_entry *found; hostkeys = init_hostkeys(); load_hostkeys(hostkeys, host, sysfile, 0); if (userfile != NULL) { user_hostfile = tilde_expand_filename(userfile, pw->pw_uid); if (options.strict_modes && (stat(user_hostfile, &st) == 0) && ((st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != pw->pw_uid) || (st.st_mode & 022) != 0)) { logit("Authentication refused for %.100s: " "bad owner or modes for %.200s", pw->pw_name, user_hostfile); auth_debug_add("Ignored %.200s: bad ownership or modes", user_hostfile); } else { temporarily_use_uid(pw); load_hostkeys(hostkeys, host, user_hostfile, 0); restore_uid(); } free(user_hostfile); } host_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(hostkeys, key, &found); if (host_status == HOST_REVOKED) error("WARNING: revoked key for %s attempted authentication", host); else if (host_status == HOST_OK) debug_f("key for %s found at %s:%ld", found->host, found->file, found->line); else debug_f("key for host %s not found", host); free_hostkeys(hostkeys); return host_status; } struct passwd * getpwnamallow(struct ssh *ssh, const char *user) { #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP extern login_cap_t *lc; #ifdef HAVE_AUTH_HOSTOK const char *from_host, *from_ip; #endif #ifdef BSD_AUTH auth_session_t *as; #endif #endif struct passwd *pw; struct connection_info *ci; u_int i; ci = server_get_connection_info(ssh, 1, options.use_dns); ci->user = user; parse_server_match_config(&options, &includes, ci); log_change_level(options.log_level); log_verbose_reset(); for (i = 0; i < options.num_log_verbose; i++) log_verbose_add(options.log_verbose[i]); server_process_permitopen(ssh); #if defined(_AIX) && defined(HAVE_SETAUTHDB) aix_setauthdb(user); #endif pw = getpwnam(user); #if defined(_AIX) && defined(HAVE_SETAUTHDB) aix_restoreauthdb(); #endif if (pw == NULL) { logit("Invalid user %.100s from %.100s port %d", user, ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh)); #ifdef CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN record_failed_login(ssh, user, auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns), "ssh"); #endif #ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS audit_event(ssh, SSH_INVALID_USER); #endif /* SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS */ return (NULL); } if (!allowed_user(ssh, pw)) return (NULL); #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP if ((lc = login_getpwclass(pw)) == NULL) { debug("unable to get login class: %s", user); return (NULL); } #ifdef HAVE_AUTH_HOSTOK from_host = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns); from_ip = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh); if (!auth_hostok(lc, from_host, from_ip)) { debug("Denied connection for %.200s from %.200s [%.200s].", pw->pw_name, from_host, from_ip); return (NULL); } #endif /* HAVE_AUTH_HOSTOK */ #ifdef HAVE_AUTH_TIMEOK if (!auth_timeok(lc, time(NULL))) { debug("LOGIN %.200s REFUSED (TIME)", pw->pw_name); return (NULL); } #endif /* HAVE_AUTH_TIMEOK */ #ifdef BSD_AUTH if ((as = auth_open()) == NULL || auth_setpwd(as, pw) != 0 || auth_approval(as, lc, pw->pw_name, "ssh") <= 0) { debug("Approval failure for %s", user); pw = NULL; } if (as != NULL) auth_close(as); #endif #endif if (pw != NULL) return (pwcopy(pw)); return (NULL); } /* Returns 1 if key is revoked by revoked_keys_file, 0 otherwise */ int auth_key_is_revoked(struct sshkey *key) { char *fp = NULL; int r; if (options.revoked_keys_file == NULL) return 0; if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) { r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL; error_fr(r, "fingerprint key"); goto out; } r = sshkey_check_revoked(key, options.revoked_keys_file); switch (r) { case 0: break; /* not revoked */ case SSH_ERR_KEY_REVOKED: error("Authentication key %s %s revoked by file %s", sshkey_type(key), fp, options.revoked_keys_file); goto out; default: error_r(r, "Error checking authentication key %s %s in " "revoked keys file %s", sshkey_type(key), fp, options.revoked_keys_file); goto out; } /* Success */ r = 0; out: free(fp); return r == 0 ? 0 : 1; } void auth_debug_add(const char *fmt,...) { char buf[1024]; va_list args; int r; va_start(args, fmt); vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args); va_end(args); debug3("%s", buf); if (auth_debug != NULL) if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(auth_debug, buf)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put_cstring"); } void auth_debug_send(struct ssh *ssh) { char *msg; int r; if (auth_debug == NULL) return; while (sshbuf_len(auth_debug) != 0) { if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(auth_debug, &msg, NULL)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_get_cstring"); ssh_packet_send_debug(ssh, "%s", msg); free(msg); } } void auth_debug_reset(void) { if (auth_debug != NULL) sshbuf_reset(auth_debug); else if ((auth_debug = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed"); } struct passwd * fakepw(void) { static int done = 0; static struct passwd fake; const char hashchars[] = "./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"; /* from bcrypt.c */ char *cp; if (done) return (&fake); memset(&fake, 0, sizeof(fake)); fake.pw_name = "NOUSER"; fake.pw_passwd = xstrdup("$2a$10$" "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"); for (cp = fake.pw_passwd + 7; *cp != '\0'; cp++) *cp = hashchars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(hashchars) - 1)]; #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS fake.pw_gecos = "NOUSER"; #endif fake.pw_uid = privsep_pw == NULL ? (uid_t)-1 : privsep_pw->pw_uid; fake.pw_gid = privsep_pw == NULL ? (gid_t)-1 : privsep_pw->pw_gid; #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS fake.pw_class = ""; #endif fake.pw_dir = "/nonexist"; fake.pw_shell = "/nonexist"; done = 1; return (&fake); } /* * Return the canonical name of the host in the other side of the current * connection. The host name is cached, so it is efficient to call this * several times. */ const char * auth_get_canonical_hostname(struct ssh *ssh, int use_dns) { static char *dnsname; if (!use_dns) return ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh); if (dnsname != NULL) return dnsname; dnsname = ssh_remote_hostname(ssh); return dnsname; } /* These functions link key/cert options to the auth framework */ /* Log sshauthopt options locally and (optionally) for remote transmission */ void auth_log_authopts(const char *loc, const struct sshauthopt *opts, int do_remote) { int do_env = options.permit_user_env && opts->nenv > 0; int do_permitopen = opts->npermitopen > 0 && (options.allow_tcp_forwarding & FORWARD_LOCAL) != 0; int do_permitlisten = opts->npermitlisten > 0 && (options.allow_tcp_forwarding & FORWARD_REMOTE) != 0; size_t i; char msg[1024], buf[64]; snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", opts->force_tun_device); /* Try to keep this alphabetically sorted */ snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "key options:%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s", opts->permit_agent_forwarding_flag ? " agent-forwarding" : "", opts->force_command == NULL ? "" : " command", do_env ? " environment" : "", opts->valid_before == 0 ? "" : "expires", opts->no_require_user_presence ? " no-touch-required" : "", do_permitopen ? " permitopen" : "", do_permitlisten ? " permitlisten" : "", opts->permit_port_forwarding_flag ? " port-forwarding" : "", opts->cert_principals == NULL ? "" : " principals", opts->permit_pty_flag ? " pty" : "", opts->require_verify ? " uv" : "", opts->force_tun_device == -1 ? "" : " tun=", opts->force_tun_device == -1 ? "" : buf, opts->permit_user_rc ? " user-rc" : "", opts->permit_x11_forwarding_flag ? " x11-forwarding" : ""); debug("%s: %s", loc, msg); if (do_remote) auth_debug_add("%s: %s", loc, msg); if (options.permit_user_env) { for (i = 0; i < opts->nenv; i++) { debug("%s: environment: %s", loc, opts->env[i]); if (do_remote) { auth_debug_add("%s: environment: %s", loc, opts->env[i]); } } } /* Go into a little more details for the local logs. */ if (opts->valid_before != 0) { format_absolute_time(opts->valid_before, buf, sizeof(buf)); debug("%s: expires at %s", loc, buf); } if (opts->cert_principals != NULL) { debug("%s: authorized principals: \"%s\"", loc, opts->cert_principals); } if (opts->force_command != NULL) debug("%s: forced command: \"%s\"", loc, opts->force_command); if (do_permitopen) { for (i = 0; i < opts->npermitopen; i++) { debug("%s: permitted open: %s", loc, opts->permitopen[i]); } } if (do_permitlisten) { for (i = 0; i < opts->npermitlisten; i++) { debug("%s: permitted listen: %s", loc, opts->permitlisten[i]); } } } /* Activate a new set of key/cert options; merging with what is there. */ int auth_activate_options(struct ssh *ssh, struct sshauthopt *opts) { struct sshauthopt *old = auth_opts; const char *emsg = NULL; debug_f("setting new authentication options"); if ((auth_opts = sshauthopt_merge(old, opts, &emsg)) == NULL) { error("Inconsistent authentication options: %s", emsg); return -1; } return 0; } /* Disable forwarding, etc for the session */ void auth_restrict_session(struct ssh *ssh) { struct sshauthopt *restricted; debug_f("restricting session"); /* A blank sshauthopt defaults to permitting nothing */ if ((restricted = sshauthopt_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("sshauthopt_new failed"); restricted->permit_pty_flag = 1; restricted->restricted = 1; if (auth_activate_options(ssh, restricted) != 0) fatal_f("failed to restrict session"); sshauthopt_free(restricted); }