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mpv/DOCS/man/en/lua.rst

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LUA SCRIPTING
=============
mpv can load Lua scripts. Scripts in ``~/.mpv/lua/`` will be loaded on program
start, or if passed to ``--lua``. mpv provides the builtin module ``mp``, which
provides functions to send commands to the mpv core and to retrieve information
about playback state, user settings, file information, and so on.
These scripts can be used to control mpv in a similar way to slave mode.
Technically, the Lua code uses the client API internally.
Example
-------
A script which leaves fullscreen mode when the player is paused:
::
function on_pause()
mp.set_property("fullscreen", "no")
end
mp.register_event("pause", on_pause)
This script provides a pretty weird feature, but Lua scripting was made to
allow users implement features which are not going to be added to the mpv core.
Mode of operation
-----------------
Your script will be loaded by the player at program start from ``~/.mpv/lua/``,
or ``--lua``, or in some cases, internally (like ``--osc``). Each script runs
in its own thread. Your script is first run "as is", and once that is done,
the event loop is entered. This event loop will dispatch events received by mpv
and call your own event handlers which you have registered with
``mp.register_event``, or timers added with ``mp.add_timeout`` or similar.
When the player quits, all scripts will be asked to terminate. This happens via
a ``shutdown`` event, which by default will make the event loop return. If your
script got into an endless loop, mpv will probably behave fine during playback
(unless the player is suspended, see ``mp.suspend``), but it won't terminate
when quitting, because it's waiting on your script.
Internally, the C code will call the Lua function ``mp_event_loop`` after
loading a Lua script. This function is normally defined by the default prelude
loaded before your script (see ``player/lua/defaults.lua`` in the mpv sources).
The event loop will wait for events and dispatch events registered with
``mp.register_event``. It will also handle timers added with ``mp.add_timeout``
and similar (by waiting with a timeout).
mp functions
------------
The ``mp`` module is preloaded, although it can be loaded manually with
``require 'mp'``. It provides the core client API.
``mp.command(string)``
Run the given command. This is similar to the commands used in input.conf.
See `List of Input Commands`_.
Returns true on success, or ``nil, error`` on error.
``mp.commandv(arg1, arg2, ...)``
Similar to ``mp.command``, but pass each command argument as separate
parameter. This has the advantage that you don't have to care about
quoting and escaping in some cases.
Example:
::
mp.command("loadfile " .. filename .. " append")
mp.commandv("loadfile", filename, "append")
These two commands are equivalent, except that the first version breaks
if the filename contains spaces or certain special characters.
``mp.get_property(name [,def])``
Return the value of the given property as string. These are the same
properties as used in input.conf. See `Properties`_ for a list of
properties. The returned string is formatted similar to ``${=name}``
(see `Property Expansion`_).
Returns the string on success, or ``def, error`` on error. ``def`` is the
second parameter provided to the function, and is nil if it's missing.
``mp.get_property_osd(name [,def])``
Similar to ``mp.get_property``, but return the property value formatted for
OSD. This is the same string as printed with ``${name}`` when used in
input.conf.
Returns the string on success, or ``def, error`` on error. ``def`` is the
second parameter provided to the function, and is an empty string if it's
missing. Unlike ``get_property()``, assigning the return value to a variable
will always result in a string.
``mp.set_property(name, value)``
Set the given property to the given value. See ``mp.get_property`` and
`Properties`_ for more information about properties.
Returns true on success, or ``nil, error`` on error.
``mp.get_time()``
Return the current mpv internal time in seconds as a number. This is
basically the system time, with an arbitrary offset.
``mp.add_key_binding(key, name|fn [,fn])``
Register callback to be run on a key binding. The binding will be mapped to
the given ``key``, which is a string describing the physical key. This uses
the same key names as in input.conf, and also allows combinations
(e.g. ``ctrl+a``).
After calling this function, key presses will cause the function ``fn`` to
be called (unless the user overmapped the key with another binding).
The ``name`` argument should be a short symbolic string. It allows the user
to remap the key binding via input.conf using the ``script_message``
command, the script name, and the name of the key binding (see below for
an example). The name should be unique across other bindings in the same
script - if not, the previous binding with the same name will be
overwritten. You can omit the name, in which case a random name is generated
internally.
Internally, key bindings are dispatched via the ``script_message`` input
command and ``mp.register_script_command``.
Trying to map multiple commands to a key will essentially prefer a random
binding, while the other bindings are not called. It is guaranteed that
user defined bindings in the central input.conf are preferred over bindings
added with this function (but see ``mp.add_forced_key_binding``).
Example:
::
function something_handler()
print("the key was pressed")
end
mp.add_key_binding("x", "something", something_handler)
This will print the message ``the key was pressed`` when ``x`` was pressed.
The user can remap these key bindings. Assume the above script was using
the filename ``fooscript.lua``, then the user has to put the following
into his input.conf to remap the command to the ``y`` key:
::
y script_message lua/fooscript something
This will print the message when the key ``y`` is pressed. (``x`` will
still work, unless the user overmaps it.)
``mp.add_forced_key_binding(...)``
This works almost the same as ``mp.add_key_binding``, but registers the
key binding in a way that will overwrite the user's custom bindings in his
input.conf. (``mp.add_key_binding`` overwrites default key bindings only,
but not those by the user's input.conf.)
``mp.remove_key_binding(name)``
Remove a key binding added with ``mp.add_key_binding`` or
``mp.add_forced_key_binding``. Use the same name as you used when adding
the bindings. It's not possible to remove bindings for which you omitted
the name.
``mp.register_event(name, fn)``
Call a specific function when an event happens. The event name is a string,
and the function fn is a Lua function value.
Some events have associated data. This is put into a Lua table and passed
as argument to fn. The Lua table by default contains a ``name`` field,
which is a string containing the event name. If the event has an error
associated, the ``error`` field is set to a string describing the error,
on success it's not set.
If multiple functions are registered for the same event, they are run in
registration order, which the first registered function running before all
the other ones.
Returns true if such an event exists, false otherwise.
See `Events`_ and `List of events`_ for details.
``mp.add_timeout(seconds, fn)``
Call the given function fn when the given number of seconds has elapsed.
Note that the number of seconds can be fractional. As of now, the timer
precision may be as worse as 50 ms, though. (This will be improved in the
future.)
This is a one-shot timer: it will be removed when it's fired.
Returns a timer handle. See ``mp.cancel_timer``.
``mp.add_periodic_timer(seconds, fn)``
Call the given function periodically. This is like ``mp.add_timeout``, but
the timer is re-added after the function fn is run.
Returns a timer handle. See ``mp.cancel_timer``.
``mp.cancel_timer(t)``
Terminate the given timer. t is a timer handle (value returned by
``mp.add_timeout`` or ``mp.add_periodic_timer``).
``mp.get_opt(key)``
Return a setting from the ``--lua-opts`` option. It's up to the user and
the script how this mechanism is used. Currently, all scripts can access
this equally, so you should be careful about collisions.
``mp.get_script_name()``
Return the name of the current script. The name is usually made of the
filename of the script, with directory and file extension removed, and
prefixed with ``lua/``. If there are several script which would have the
same name, it's made unique by appending a number.
.. admonition:: Example
The script ``/path/to/fooscript.lua`` becomes ``lua/fooscript``.
``mp.suspend()``
Suspend the mpv main loop. There is a long-winded explanation of this in
the C API function ``mpv_suspend()``. In short, this prevents the player
from displaying the next video frame, so that you don't get blocked when
trying to access the player.
This is automatically called by the event handler.
``mp.resume()``
Undo one ``mp.suspend()`` call. ``mp.suspend()`` increments an internal
counter, and ``mp.resume()`` decrements it. When 0 is reached, the player
is actually resumed.
``mp.resume_all()``
This resets the internal suspend counter and resumes the player. (It's
like calling ``mp.resume()`` until the player is actually resumed.)
You might want to call this if you're about to do something that takes a
long time, but doesn't really need access to the player (like a network
operation). Note that you still can access the player at any time.
``mp.enable_messages(level)``
Set the minimum log level of which mpv message output to receive. These
messages are normally printed to the terminal. By calling this function,
you can set the minimum log level of messages which should be received with
the ``log-message`` event. See the description of this event for details.
The level is a string, see ``msg.log`` for allowed log levels.
``mp.register_script_command(name, fn)``
This is a helper to dispatch ``script_message`` invocations to Lua
functions. ``fn`` is called if ``script_message`` is called on this script
with ``name`` as first parameter. The other parameters are passed to ``fn``.
If a command with the given name is already registered, it's overwritten.
Used by ``mp.add_key_binding``, so be careful about name collisions.
``mp.unregister_script_command(name)``
Undo a previous registration with ``mp.register_script_command``. Does
nothing if the ``name`` wasn't registered.
mp.msg functions
----------------
This module allows outputting messages to the terminal, and can be loaded
with ``require 'mp.msg'``.
``msg.log(level, ...)``
The level parameter is the message priority. It's a string and one of
``fatal``, ``error``, ``warn``, ``info``, ``v``, ``debug``. The user's
settings will determine which of these messages will be visible. Normally,
all messages are visible, except ``v`` and ``debug``.
The parameters after that are all converted to strings. Spaces are inserted
to separate multiple parameters.
You don't need to add newlines.
``msg.fatal(...)``, ``msg.error(...)``, ``msg.warn(...)``, ``msg.info(...)``, ``msg.verbose(...)``, ``msg.debug(...)``
All of these are shortcuts and equivalent to the corresponding
``msg.log(level, ...)`` call.
Events
------
Events are notifications from player core to scripts. You can register an
event handler with ``mp.register_event``.
Note that all scripts (and other parts of the player) receive events equally,
and there's no such thing as blocking other scripts from receiving events.
Example:
::
function my_fn(event)
print("start of playback!")
end
mp.register_event("playback-start", my_fn)
List of events
--------------
``start-file``
Happens right before a new file is loaded. When you receive this, the
player is loading the file (or possibly already done with it).
``end-file``
Happens after a file was unloaded. Typically, the player will load the
next file right away, or quit if this was the last file.
``playback-start``
Happens atfer a file was loaded and begins playback.
``tracks-changed``
The list of video/audio/sub tracks was updated. (This happens on playback
start, and very rarely during playback.)
``track-switched``
A video/audio/subtitle track was switched on or off. This usually happens
when the user (or a script) changes the subtitle track and so on.
``idle``
Idle mode is entered. This happens when playback ended, and the player was
started with ``--idle`` or ``--force-window``. This mode is implicitly ended
when the ``start-file`` or ``shutdown`` events happen.
``pause``
Playback was paused.
``unpause``
Playback was unpaused.
``tick``
Called after a video frame was displayed. This is a hack, and you should
avoid using it. Use timers instead and maybe watch pausing/unpausing events
to avoid wasting CPU when the player is paused.
``shutdown``
Sent when the player quits, and the script should terminate. Normally
handled automatically. See `Mode of operation`_.
``log-message``
Receives messages enabled with ``mp.enable_messages``. The message data
is contained in the table passed as first parameter to the event handler.
The table contains, in addition to the default event fields, the following
fields:
``prefix``
The module prefix, identifies the sender of the message. This is what
the terminal player puts in front of the message text when using the
``--v`` option, and is also what is used for ``--msglevel``.
``level``
The log level as string. See ``msg.log`` for possible log level names.
Note that later versions of mpv might add new levels or remove
(undocumented) existing ones.
``text``
The log message. Note that this is the direct output of a printf()
style output API. The text will contain embedded newlines, and it's
possible that a single message contains multiple lines, or that a
message contains a partial line.
It's safe to display messages only if they end with a newline character,
and to buffer them otherwise.
Keep in mind that these messages are meant to be hints for humans. You
should not parse them, and prefix/level/text of messages might change
any time.
``get-property-reply``
Undocumented (not useful for Lua scripts).
``set-property-reply``
Undocumented (not useful for Lua scripts).
``command-reply``
Undocumented (not useful for Lua scripts).
``script-input-dispatch``
Undocumented (used internally).
``client-message``
Undocumented (used internally).
``video-reconfig``
Happens on video output or filter reconfig.
``audio-reconfig``
Happens on audio output or filter reconfig.
``metadata-update``
Metadata (like file tags) was updated.