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git-svn-id: svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk@11681 b3059339-0415-0410-9bf9-f77b7e298cf2
573 lines
18 KiB
XML
573 lines
18 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<chapter id="mencoder">
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<title>Encoding with <application>MEncoder</application></title>
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<para>
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For the complete list of available <application>MEncoder</application> options
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and examples, please see the man page. For a series of hands-on examples and
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detailed guides on using several encoding parameters, read the
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<ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">encoding-tips</ulink> that were
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collected from several mailing list threads on mplayer-users. Search the
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<ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archives</ulink>
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for a wealth of discussions about all aspects of and problems related to
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encoding with <application>MEncoder</application>.
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</para>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-divx4">
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<title>Encoding 2 or 3-pass MPEG-4 ("DivX")</title>
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<formalpara>
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<title>2-pass encoding</title>
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<para>
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The name comes from the fact that this method encodes the file <emphasis>twice</emphasis>.
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The first encoding (dubbed pass) creates some temporary files
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(<filename>*.log</filename>) with a size of few megabytes, do not delete
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them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass output
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file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The
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resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first
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time you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the
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Net.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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<para>
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This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI.
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Just two commands are needed:
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<screen>rm frameno.avi</screen>
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remove this file, which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes
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with current one)
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<screen>
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi
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</screen>
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</para>
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<formalpara>
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<title>3-pass encoding</title>
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<para>
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This is an extension of 2-pass encoding, where the audio encoding takes
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place in a separate pass. This method enables estimation of recommended
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video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the audio is encoded only
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once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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<procedure>
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<step><para>
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Remove conflicting temporary file:
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<screen>rm frameno.avi</screen>
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</para></step>
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<step><para>
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<emphasis>First pass:</emphasis>
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<screen>mencoder <replaceable>file/DVD</replaceable> -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o frameno.avi</screen>
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An audio-only avi file will be created, containing
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<emphasis role="bold">only</emphasis> the requested audio stream. Don't forget
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<option>-lameopts</option>, if you need to set it. If you were encoding a
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long movie, <application>MEncoder</application> prints the recommended
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bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb destination sizes, after this
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pass finishes.
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</para></step>
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<step><para>
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<emphasis>Second pass:</emphasis>
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>file/DVD</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=<replaceable>bitrate</replaceable><!--
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--></screen>
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This is the first pass of video encoding. Optionally specify the video
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bitrate <application>MEncoder</application> printed at the end of the previous pass.
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</para></step>
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<step><para>
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<emphasis>Third pass:</emphasis>
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>file/DVD</replaceable> -oac copy -pass 2 \
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-ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<replaceable>bitrate</replaceable>
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</screen>
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This is the second pass of video encoding. Specify the same bitrate
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as in the previous pass unless you really know what you are doing.
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In this pass, audio from <filename>frameno.avi</filename> will be
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inserted into the destination file...and it's all ready!
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</para></step>
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</procedure>
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<example>
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<title>Example of 3-pass encoding</title>
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<para>
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<screen>rm frameno.avi</screen>
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remove this file, which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding
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(it interferes with current one)
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<screen>
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc frameno -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi
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</screen>
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</para>
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</example>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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<title>Encoding to MPEG format</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> can create MPEG (MPEG-PS) format output
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files. It's probably useful only with <link linkend="ffmpeg">libavcodec</link>'s
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<emphasis>mpeg1video</emphasis> codec, because players - except
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<application>MPlayer</application> - expect MPEG1 video, and MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2)
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audio streams in MPEG files.
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</para>
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<para>
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This feature is not very useful right now, aside that it probably has many bugs,
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but the more importantly because <application>MEncoder</application> currently
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cannot encode MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2) audio, which all other players expect in MPEG files.
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</para>
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<para>
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To change <application>MEncoder's</application> output file format,
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use the <option>-of mpeg</option> option.
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</para>
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<para>
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Example:
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<screen>
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mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>other options</replaceable> media.avi -o output.mpg
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</screen>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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<title>Rescaling movies</title>
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<para>
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Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be
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many: decreasing file size, network bandwidth,etc. Most people even do
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rescaling when converting DVDs or SVCDs to DivX AVI. This is <emphasis role="bold">bad</emphasis>.
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Instead of even you doing so, read the <link linkend="aspect">Preserving aspect ratio</link>
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section.
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</para>
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<para>
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The scaling process is handled by the <literal>scale</literal> video filter:
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<option>-vf scale=<replaceable>width</replaceable>:<replaceable>height</replaceable></option>.
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Its quality can be set with the <option>-sws</option> option.
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If it's not specified, <application>MEncoder</application> will use 0: fast
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bilinear.
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</para>
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<para>
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Usage:
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480-o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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</screen>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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<title>Stream copying</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> can handle input streams in two ways:
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<emphasis role="bold">encode</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">copy</emphasis>
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them. This section is about <emphasis role="bold">copying</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">Video stream</emphasis> (option <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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nice stuff can be done :) Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or
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MPEG1 video into an AVI file! Of course only
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<application>MPlayer</application> can play such files :) And it probably
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has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying can be
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useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded (like,
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uncompressed PCM to MP3).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">Audio stream</emphasis> (option <option>-oac copy</option>):
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straightforward. It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3,
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WAV) and mux it into the output stream. Use the
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<option>-audiofile <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> option
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for this.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-fix-avi">
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<title>Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</title>
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<para>
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Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
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<application>MEncoder</application> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs in
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the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken interleaving,
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thus the <option>-ni</option> option won't be needed for them anymore.
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</para>
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<para>
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Command:
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<screen>
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mencoder -idx <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!--
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--></screen>
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</para>
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<sect2 id="menc-feat-appending">
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<title>Appending multiple AVI files</title>
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<para>
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As a side-effect, the broken AVI fixer function enables <application>MEncoder</application>
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to append 2 (or more) AVI files:
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</para>
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<para>
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Command:
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<screen>cat 1.avi 2.avi | mencoder -noidx -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi -</screen>
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</para>
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<note><para>
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This expects <filename>1.avi</filename> and <filename>2.avi</filename> to use
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the same codecs, resolution, stream rate etc, and at least <filename>1.avi</filename>
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must not be broken. You may need to fix your input AVI files first, as described
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<link linkend="menc-feat-fix-avi">above</link>.
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</para></note>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec">
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<title>Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</title>
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<para>
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<link linkend="ffmpeg">libavcodec</link> provides simple encoding to a lot
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of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
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unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs (more or less up to date):
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<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row><entry>Codec name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row><entry>mjpeg</entry><entry>
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Motion JPEG
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>ljpeg</entry><entry>
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Lossless JPEG
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>h263</entry><entry>
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H263
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>h263p</entry><entry>
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H263 Plus
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>mpeg4</entry><entry>
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ISO standard MPEG-4 (DivX 5, XVID compatible)
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>msmpeg4</entry><entry>
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pre-standard MPEG-4 variant by MS, v3 (aka DivX3)
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>msmpeg4v2</entry><entry>
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pre-standard MPEG-4 by MS, v2 (used in old asf files)
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>wmv1</entry><entry>
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Windows Media Video, version 1 (aka WMV7)
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>wmv2</entry><entry>
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Windows Media Video, version 2 (aka WMV8)
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>rv10</entry><entry>
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an old RealVideo codec
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>mpeg1video</entry><entry>
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MPEG1 video
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>mpeg2video</entry><entry>
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MPEG2 video
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>huffyuv</entry><entry>
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lossless compression
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>asv1</entry><entry>
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ASUS Video v1
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>asv2</entry><entry>
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ASUS Video v2
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</entry></row>
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<row><entry>ffv1</entry><entry>
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FFmpeg's lossless video codec
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</entry></row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
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<literal>vcodec</literal> config, like: <option>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</option>
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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An example, with MJPEG compression:
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<screen>mencoder dvd://2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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<title>Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs,PNGs or TGAs)</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> is capable of creating movies from one
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or more JPEG, PNG or TGA files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG
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(Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files.
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<title>Explanation of the process:</title>
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<listitem><para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>decodes</emphasis> the input image(s) with
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<systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (when decoding PNGs, it
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will use <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> then feeds the decoded image to the
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chosen video compressor (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc.).
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</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<formalpara>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<para>
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The explanation of the <option>-mf</option> option can be found below in
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the man page.
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:
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<screen>
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mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o output.avi \*.jpg<!--
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--></screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:
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<screen>
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mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o output.avi frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg <!--
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--></screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current
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dir:
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<screen>
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mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy -o output.avi \*.jpg<!--
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--></screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:
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<screen>
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mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o output.avi \*.png<!--
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--></screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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<note><para>
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Width must be integer multiple of 4, it's a limitation of the RAW RGB AVI format.
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</para></note>
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current
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dir:
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<screen>
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mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -o output.avi \*.png<!--
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--></screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current
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dir:
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<screen>
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mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -o output.avi \*.tga<!--
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--></screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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<title>Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> is capable of extracting subtitles from
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a DVD into Vobsub formatted files. They consist of a pair of files ending in
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<filename>.idx</filename> and <filename>.sub</filename> and are usually
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packaged in a single <filename>.rar</filename> archive.
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<application>MPlayer</application> can play these with the
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<option>-vobsub</option> and <option>-vobsubid</option> options.
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</para>
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<para>
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You specify the basename (i.e without the <filename>.idx</filename> or
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<filename>.sub</filename> extension) of the output files with
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<option>-vobsubout</option> and the index for this subtitle in the
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resulting files with <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the input is not from a DVD you should use <option>-ifo</option> to
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indicate the <filename>.ifo</filename> file needed to construct the
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resulting <filename>.idx</filename> file.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the
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<filename>.ifo</filename> file you will need to use the
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<option>-vobsubid</option> option to let it know what language id to put in
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the <filename>.idx</filename> file.
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</para>
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<para>
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Each run will append the running subtitle if the <filename>.idx</filename>
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and <filename>.sub</filename> files already exist. So you should remove any
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before starting.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</title>
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<screen>
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rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
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mencoder dvd://1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno
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mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1
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mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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--></screen>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</title>
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<screen>
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rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
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mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1<!--
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--></screen>
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</example>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="aspect">
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<title>Preserving aspect ratio</title>
|
|
<para>
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|
DVDs and SVCDs (i.e. MPEG1/2) files contain an aspect ratio value, which
|
|
describes how the player should scale the video stream, so humans won't
|
|
have egg heads (ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to AVI
|
|
(DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this value.
|
|
Rescaling the movie is disgusting and time consuming, there has to be a better
|
|
way!
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>There is</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
MPEG4 has an unique feature: the video stream can contain its needed aspect
|
|
ratio. Yes, just like MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD) and H263 files. Regretfully, there are
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> video players outside which support this
|
|
attribute of MPEG4, except <application>MPlayer</application>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This feature can be used only with <link linkend="ffmpeg">libavcodec</link>'s
|
|
<systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> codec. Keep in mind: although
|
|
<application>MPlayer</application> will correctly play the created file,
|
|
other players will use the wrong aspect ratio.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You seriously should crop the black bands over and below the movie image.
|
|
See the man page for the usage of the <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>crop</systemitem> filters.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Usage
|
|
<screen>mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o output.avi</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="custommatrices"><title>Custom inter/intra matrices</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
With this feature of <link linkend="ffmpeg">libavcodec</link> you are
|
|
able to set custom inter (I-frames/key frames) and intra (P-frames/predicted
|
|
frames) matrices. It is supported by many of the codecs:
|
|
<systemitem>mpeg1video</systemitem> and <systemitem>mpeg2video</systemitem>
|
|
are reported as working.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
A typical usage of this feature is to set the matrices preferred by the
|
|
<ulink url="http://www.kvcd.net/">KVCD</ulink> specifications.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <emphasis role="bold">KVCD "Notch" Quantization Matrix:</emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Intra:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
8 9 12 22 26 27 29 34
|
|
9 10 14 26 27 29 34 37
|
|
12 14 18 27 29 34 37 38
|
|
22 26 27 31 36 37 38 40
|
|
26 27 29 36 39 38 40 48
|
|
27 29 34 37 38 40 48 58
|
|
29 34 37 38 40 48 58 69
|
|
34 37 38 40 48 58 69 79
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
Inter:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
|
|
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
|
|
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
|
|
22 24 26 30 32 32 34 36
|
|
24 26 28 32 34 34 36 38
|
|
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
|
|
28 30 32 34 36 38 42 42
|
|
30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Usage:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
$ mencoder input.avi -o output.avi -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts inter_matrix=...:intra_matrix=...
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
$ mencoder input.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts
|
|
vcodec=mpeg2video:intra_matrix=8,9,12,22,26,27,29,34,9,10,14,26,27,29,34,37,
|
|
12,14,18,27,29,34,37,38,22,26,27,31,36,37,38,40,26,27,29,36,39,38,40,48,27,
|
|
29,34,37,38,40,48,58,29,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,79
|
|
:inter_matrix=16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,20,22,24,26,
|
|
28,30,32,34,22,24,26,30,32,32,34,36,24,26,28,32,34,34,36,38,26,28,30,32,34,
|
|
36,38,40,28,30,32,34,36,38,42,42,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44 -oac copy -o svcd.mpg
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|