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https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv
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git-svn-id: svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk@17019 b3059339-0415-0410-9bf9-f77b7e298cf2
762 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
762 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
========================================
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NUT Open Container Format DRAFT 20051118
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========================================
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Intro:
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======
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Features / goals:
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(supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation)
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Simple
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use the same encoding for nearly all fields
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simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it
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Extendible
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no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc)
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allow adding of new headers in the future
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allow adding more fields at the end of headers
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Compact
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~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates
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index is <10kb per hour (1 keyframe every 3sec)
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a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together)
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a packet header is about ~1-8 bytes
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Error resistant
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seeking / playback without an index
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headers & index can be repeated
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damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast
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resync times
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Definitions:
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============
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MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard
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SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required
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Syntax:
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=======
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Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it
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is using a pseudocode approach.
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Conventions:
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============
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The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short
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text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may
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follow:
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name (text description)
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functional definition
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[Optional notes]
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The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they
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are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and
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are reproduced in the tag description:
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name: (optional note)
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functional definition
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[Optional notes]
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The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax.
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The functional definition has a C-like syntax.
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Type definitions:
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=================
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f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order)
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u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order)
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v (variable length value, unsigned)
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value=0
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do{
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more_data u(1)
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data u(7)
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value= 128*value + data
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}while(more_data)
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s (variable length value, signed)
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temp v
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temp++
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if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1)
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else value= (temp>>1)
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b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below)
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for(i=0; i<length; i++){
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data[i] u(8)
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}
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[Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8]
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vb (variable length binary data or string)
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length v
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value b
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Bitstream syntax:
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=================
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Common elements:
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----------------
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packet header:
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forward ptr v
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align_byte:
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while(not byte aligned)
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one f(1)
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reserved_bytes:
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for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++)
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reserved u(8)
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[a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes
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a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it
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impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future
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in a compatible way]
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Headers:
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main header:
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main_startcode f(64)
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packet header
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version v
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stream_count v
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max_distance v
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max_index_distance v
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global_time_base_nom v
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global_time_base_denom v
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for(i=0; i<256; ){
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tmp_flag v
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tmp_fields v
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if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s
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if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v
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if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v
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if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v
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else tmp_size=0
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if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v
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else tmp_res=0
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if(tmp_fields>5) count v
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else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size
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for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){
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tmp_reserved[i] v
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}
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for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){
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flags[i]= tmp_flag;
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stream_id_plus1[i]= tmp_stream;
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data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul;
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data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j;
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pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts;
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reserved_count[i]= tmp_res;
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}
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}
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reserved_bytes
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checksum u(32)
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stream_header:
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stream_startcode f(64)
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packet_header
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stream_id v
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stream_class v
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fourcc vb
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time_base_nom v
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time_base_denom v
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msb_pts_shift v
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decode_delay v
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fixed_fps u(1)
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reserved u(7)
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codec_specific_data vb
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video_stream_header:
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stream_header
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width v
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height v
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sample_width v
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sample_height v
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colorspace_type v
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reserved_bytes
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checksum u(32)
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audio_stream_header:
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stream_header
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samplerate_nom v
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samplerate_denom v
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channel_count v
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reserved_bytes
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checksum u(32)
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other_stream_header:
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stream_header
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reserved_bytes
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checksum u(32)
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Basic Packets:
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frame:
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frame_code f(8)
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if(stream_id_plus1[frame_code]==0){
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stream_id v
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}
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if(pts_delta[frame_code]==0){
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coded_pts v
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}
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if(flags[frame_code]&1){
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data_size_msb v
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}
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for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++)
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reserved v
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data
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index:
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index_startcode f(64)
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packet header
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stream_id v
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max_pts v
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index_length v
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for(i=0; i<index_length; i++){
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index_pts v
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index_position v
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}
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reserved_bytes
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checksum u(32)
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info_frame: (optional)
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for(;;){
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id v
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if(id==0) break
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name= info_table[id][0]
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type= info_table[id][1]
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if(type==NULL)
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type vb
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if(name==NULL)
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name vb
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if(type=="v")
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value v
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else
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value vb
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}
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reserved_bytes
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checksum u(32)
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info_packet: (optional)
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info_startcode f(64)
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packet header
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info_frame
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sync_point:
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frame_startcode f(64)
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global_timestamp v
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back_ptr v
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Complete definition:
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file:
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file_id_string
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while(!eof && next_code != index_startcode){
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main_header
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for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){
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if(next_packet==video_stream_header)
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video_stream_header
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else if(next_packet==audio_stream_header)
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audio_stream_header
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else
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other_stream_header
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}
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while(next_code == info_startcode){
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info_packet
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}
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while(next_code != main_startcode){
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if(next_code == frame_startcode)
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sync_point
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frame
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}
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}
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if (next_code == index_startcode){
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while(!eof){
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index
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}
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index_ptr u(64)
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}
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Tag description:
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----------------
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forward_ptr
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size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte
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after the forward_ptr to the first byte of the next packet)
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back_ptr
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real_back_ptr = back_ptr * 8 + 7
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real_back_ptr must point to a position such that a syncpoint
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startcode begins within the next 8 bytes, and such that at least
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one keyframe for each stream lies between the syncpoint to which
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real_back_ptr points, and the current syncpoint.
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file_id_string
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"nut/multimedia container\0"
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*_startcode
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all startcodes start with 'N'
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main_startcode
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0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48)
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stream_starcode
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0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48)
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frame_startcode
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0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48)
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frame_startcodes SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the
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previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such
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non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent
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index_startcode
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0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48)
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info_startcode
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0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48)
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version
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NUT version. The current value is 2.
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max_distance
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max distance of frame_startcodes, the distance may only be larger if
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there is only a single frame between the two frame_startcodes this can
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be used by the demuxer to detect damaged frame headers if the damage
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results in too long of a chain
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SHOULD be set to <=32768 or at least <=65536 unless there is a very
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good reason to set it higher, otherwise reasonable error recovery will
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be impossible
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max_index_distance
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max distance of keyframes which are represented in the index, the
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distance between consecutive entries A and B may only be larger if
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there are no keyframes within this stream between A and B
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SHOULD be set to <=32768 or at least <=65536 unless there is a very
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good reason to set it higher
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stream_id
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Stream identifier
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stream_id MUST be < stream_count
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stream_class
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0 video
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1 audio
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2 subtiles
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3 metadata
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4 userdata
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in metadata streams each frame contains exactly one info frame
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Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used
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a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes
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fourcc
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identification for the codec
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example: "H264"
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MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future
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if needed
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time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base
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the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps
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if fixed_fps is 1
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time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0
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time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime
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time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31
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examples:
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fps time_base_nom time_base_denom
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30 1 30
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29.97 1001 30000
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23.976 1001 24000
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global_time_base_nom / global_time_base_denom = global_time_base
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the length of a timer tick in seconds
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global_time_base_nom and global_time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0
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global_time_base_nom and global_time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime
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global_time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31
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global_timestamp
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timestamp in global_time_base units
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when a global_timestamp is encountered the last_pts of all
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streams is set to the following:
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ln = global_time_base_nom*time_base_denom
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sn = global_timestamp
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d1 = global_time_base_denom
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d2 = time_base_nom
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last_pts = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2
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Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and
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is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer
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msb_pts_shift
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amount of bits in lsb_pts
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MUST be <16
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decode_delay
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maximum time between input and output for a codec, used to generate
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dts from pts
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is set to 0 for streams without B-frames, and set to 1 for streams with
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B-frames, may be larger for future codecs
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fixed_fps
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1 indicates that the fps is fixed
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codec_specific_data
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private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...)
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frame_code
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the meaning of this byte is stored in the main header
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the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always
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different from the first byte of any startcode
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flags[frame_code]
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first of the flags from MSB to LSB are called KD
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if D is 1 then data_size_msb is coded, otherwise data_size_msb is 0
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K is the keyframe_type
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0 -> no keyframe,
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1 -> keyframe,
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flags=4 can be used to mark illegal frame_code bytes
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frame_code=78 must have flags=4
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Note: frames MUST NOT depend(1) upon frames prior to the last
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frame_startcode
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Important: depend(1) means dependency on the container level (NUT) not
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dependency on the codec level
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stream_id_plus1[frame_code]
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must be <250
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if it is 0, then the stream_id is coded in the frame
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data_size_mul[frame_code]
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must be <16384
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data_size_lsb[frame_code]
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must be <16384
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pts_delta[frame_code]
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must be <16384 and >-16384
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data_size
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data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul;
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coded_pts
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if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb
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pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift)
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lsb pts is converted to a full pts by:
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mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1;
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delta = last_pts - mask/2
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pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta
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lsb_pts
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least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision
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Example: IBBP display order
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keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0
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frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3
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frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1
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frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2
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...
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keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257
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frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255
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frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256
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frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260
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frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258
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frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259
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all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone
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dts
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dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each
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stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with
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the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts
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this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements
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all frames must be monotone, that means a frame
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which occurs later in the stream must have a larger or equal dts
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than an earlier frame
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width/height
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MUST be set to the coded width/height
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sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio)
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sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples
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sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero
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MUST be 0 if unknown
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colorspace_type
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0 unknown
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1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240
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2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240
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17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255
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18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255
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samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate
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the number of samples per second
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checksum
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adler32 checksum
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checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not
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including the checksum itself (from first byte after the
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forward_ptr until last byte before the checksum).
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max_pts
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The highest pts in the stream.
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index_pts
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value of the pts of a keyframe relative to the last keyframe
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stored in this index
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index_position
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position in bytes of the first byte of a keyframe, relative to the
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last keyframe stored in this index
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there MUST be no keyframe with the same stream_id as this index between
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two consecutive index entries if they are more than max_index_distance
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apart
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index_ptr
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Length in bytes from the first byte of the first index startcode
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to the first byte of the index_ptr. If there is no index, index_ptr
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MUST NOT be written.
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id
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the ID of the type/name pair, so it is more compact
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0 means end
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type
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for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image
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Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-"
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Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later)
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info packet types
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the name of the info entry, valid names are
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"StreamId"
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the stream(s) to which the info packet applies
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"Author"
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"Description"
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"Copyright"
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"Encoder"
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the name & version of the software used for encoding
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"Title"
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"Cover"
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image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG)
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"Source"
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"DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD"
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Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses
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"CaptureDevice"
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"BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too)
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"CreationTime"
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"2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ...
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(ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html)
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Note: do not forget the timezone
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"Keywords"
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"TotalTime"
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total length of the stream in msecs
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|
"Language"
|
|
ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code
|
|
something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown
|
|
and "multi" if several languages
|
|
see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html
|
|
and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html
|
|
the language code
|
|
"Disposition"
|
|
"original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke"
|
|
Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we
|
|
can add them to the official standard (if they are sane)
|
|
Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-"
|
|
Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long
|
|
|
|
value
|
|
value of this name/type pair
|
|
|
|
stuffing
|
|
0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes
|
|
|
|
info_table[][2]={
|
|
{NULL , NULL }, // end
|
|
{NULL , NULL },
|
|
{NULL , "UTF8"},
|
|
{NULL , "v"},
|
|
{NULL , "s"},
|
|
{"StreamId" , "v"},
|
|
{"Author" , "UTF8"},
|
|
{"Titel" , "UTF8"},
|
|
{"Language" , "UTF8"},
|
|
{"Description" , "UTF8"},
|
|
{"Copyright" , "UTF8"},
|
|
{"Encoder" , "UTF8"},
|
|
{"Keyword" , "UTF8"},
|
|
{"Cover" , "JPEG"},
|
|
{"Cover" , "PNG"},
|
|
{"Disposition" , "UTF8"},
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
Structure:
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design)
|
|
main header
|
|
stream_header (id=0)
|
|
stream_header (id=1)
|
|
...
|
|
stream_header (id=n)
|
|
|
|
headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated
|
|
together and repeated headers MUST be identical
|
|
headers MAY only repeat at the closest possible positions after 2^x where x is
|
|
an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is
|
|
the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed
|
|
|
|
headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before
|
|
the index or at the file end if there is no index
|
|
headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file)
|
|
|
|
there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers
|
|
|
|
|
|
Index:
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either
|
|
An index SHOULD be written for every stream. Indices MUST be placed at end
|
|
of file. Indices MAY be repeated for a stream.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Info frames:
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Info frames can be used to describe the file or some part of it (chapters)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unknown packets:
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
MUST be ignored by the demuxer
|
|
|
|
|
|
demuxer (non-normative):
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for
|
|
backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their
|
|
search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Semantic requirements:
|
|
======================
|
|
|
|
If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD
|
|
have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language.
|
|
It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged.
|
|
|
|
A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which
|
|
is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise
|
|
duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sample code (Public Domain, & untested):
|
|
========================================
|
|
|
|
typedef BufferContext{
|
|
uint8_t *buf;
|
|
uint8_t *buf_ptr;
|
|
}BufferContext;
|
|
|
|
static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){
|
|
uint64_t val=0;
|
|
|
|
assert(count>0 && count<9);
|
|
|
|
for(i=0; i<count; i++){
|
|
val <<=8;
|
|
val += *(bc->buf_ptr++);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return val;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){
|
|
uint64_t val=0;
|
|
|
|
assert(count>0 && count<9);
|
|
|
|
for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){
|
|
*(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return val;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){
|
|
uint64_t val= 0;
|
|
|
|
for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){
|
|
int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++);
|
|
if(tmp&0x80)
|
|
val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80;
|
|
else
|
|
return (val<<7) + tmp;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1;
|
|
|
|
val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently
|
|
for(i=7; ; i+=7){
|
|
if(val>>i == 0) break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){
|
|
*(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i);
|
|
}
|
|
*(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){
|
|
if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t));
|
|
|
|
while(delay--){
|
|
int64_t t= pts_cache[delay];
|
|
if(t < pts){
|
|
pts_cache[delay]= pts;
|
|
pts= t;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return pts;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authors:
|
|
========
|
|
|
|
Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/).
|
|
Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out)
|
|
Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu)
|
|
Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org)
|
|
Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de)
|
|
Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx)
|
|
Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de)
|
|
Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu)
|
|
Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net)
|
|
Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at)
|
|
Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org)
|