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git-svn-id: svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk@17595 b3059339-0415-0410-9bf9-f77b7e298cf2
654 lines
21 KiB
XML
654 lines
21 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<chapter id="mencoder">
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<title>Basic usage of <application>MEncoder</application></title>
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<para>
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For the complete list of available <application>MEncoder</application> options
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and examples, please see the man page. For a series of hands-on examples and
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detailed guides on using several encoding parameters, read the
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<ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">encoding-tips</ulink> that were
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collected from several mailing list threads on MPlayer-users. Search the
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<ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archives</ulink>
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for a wealth of discussions about all aspects of and problems related to
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encoding with <application>MEncoder</application>.
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</para>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec">
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<title>Selecting codecs and container formats</title>
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<para>
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Audio and video codecs for encoding are selected with the
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<option>-oac</option> and <option>-ovc</option> options, respectively.
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Type for instance:
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<screen>mencoder -ovc help</screen>
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to list all video codecs supported by the version of
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<application>MEncoder</application> on your machine.
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The following choices are available:
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</para>
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<para>
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Audio Codecs:
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<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row><entry>Audio codec name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>mp3lame</entry>
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<entry>Encode to VBR, ABR or CBR MP3 with LAME</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>lavc</entry>
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<entry>Use one of <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>'s audio codecs</link>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>faac</entry>
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<entry>FAAC AAC audio encoder</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>toolame</entry>
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<entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 encoder</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>twolame</entry>
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<entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 encoder based on tooLAME</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>pcm</entry>
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<entry>Uncompressed PCM audio</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>copy</entry>
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<entry>Do not reencode, just copy compressed frames</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</para>
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<para>
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Video codecs:
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<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row><entry>Video codec name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>lavc</entry>
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<entry>Use one of <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>'s video codecs</link>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>xvid</entry>
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<entry>XviD, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) codec</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>x264</entry>
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<entry>x264, MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), AKA H.264 codec</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>nuv</entry>
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<entry>nuppel video, used by some realtime applications</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>raw</entry>
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<entry>Uncompressed video frames</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>copy</entry>
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<entry>Do not reencode, just copy compressed frames</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>frameno</entry>
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<entry>Used for 3-pass encoding (not recommended)</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</para>
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<para>
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Output container formats are selected with the <option>-of</option>
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option.
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Type:
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<screen>mencoder -of help</screen>
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to list all containers supported by the version of
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<application>MEncoder</application> on your machine.
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The following choices are available:
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</para>
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<para>
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Container formats:
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<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row><entry>Container format name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>lavf</entry>
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<entry>One of the containers supported by
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<systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>avi</entry>
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<entry>Audio-Video Interleaved</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>mpeg</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>rawvideo</entry>
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<entry>raw video stream (no muxing - one video stream only)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>rawaudio</entry>
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<entry>raw audio stream (no muxing - one audio stream only)</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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The AVI container is the native container format for
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<application>MEncoder</application>, which means that it's the one that
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is best handled, and the one for which <application>MEncoder</application>
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was designed.
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As noted above, other container formats are usable, but you may
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experience problems when using them.
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</para>
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<para>
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<systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> containers:
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</para>
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<para>
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If you selected <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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to do the muxing of the output file (by using the <option>-of lavf</option>),
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the appropriate container format will be determined by the file extension
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of the output file.
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You may force a particular container format with
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<systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>'s
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<option>format</option> option.
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<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row><entry><systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> container name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>mpg</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>asf</entry>
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<entry>Advanced Streaming Format</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>avi</entry>
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<entry>Audio-Video Interleaved</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>wav</entry>
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<entry>Waveform Audio</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>swf</entry>
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<entry>Macromedia Flash</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>flv</entry>
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<entry>Macromedia Flash video</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>rm</entry>
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<entry>RealMedia</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>au</entry>
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<entry>SUN AU</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>nut</entry>
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<entry>NUT open container (experimental and not yet spec-compliant)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>mov</entry>
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<entry>QuickTime</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>mp4</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-4 format</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>dv</entry>
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<entry>Sony Digital Video container</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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As you can see, <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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allows <application>MEncoder</application> to mux into a considerable
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variety of containers.
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Unfortunately, as <application>MEncoder</application> was not designed
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from the beginning to support container formats other than AVI,
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your should really be paranoid about the resulting file.
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Please check to be sure that the audio/video synchronization is OK
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and that the file can be played correctly by players other than
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<application>MPlayer</application>.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<para>Example:</para>
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<para>
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Creating a Macromedia Flash video suitable for playback in a web browser
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with the Macromedia Flash plugin:
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.flv</replaceable> -of lavf -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -ovc lavc \
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-lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=500:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 \
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-srate 22050
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</screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input">
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<title>Selecting input file or device</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> can encode from files or directly
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from a DVD or VCD disc.
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Simply include the filename on the command line to encode from a file,
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or <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>titlenumber</replaceable> or
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<option>vcd://</option><replaceable>tracknumber</replaceable> to encode
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from a DVD title or VCD track.
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If you have already copied a DVD to your hard drive (you can use a tool
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such as <application>dvdbackup</application>, available on most systems),
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and wish to encode from the copy, you should still use the
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<option>dvd://</option> syntax, along with <option>-dvd-device</option>
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followed by the path to the copied DVD root.
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The <option>-dvd-device</option> and <option>-cdrom-device</option>
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options can also be used to override the paths to the device nodes
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for reading directly from disc, if the defaults of
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<filename>/dev/dvd</filename> and <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> do
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not work on your system.
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</para>
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<para>
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When encoding from DVD, it is often desirable to select a chapter or
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range of chapters to encode.
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You can use the <option>-chapter</option> option for this purpose.
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For example, <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable>
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will only encode chapters 1 through 4 from the DVD.
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This is especially useful if you will be making a 1400 MB encode
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targetted for two CDs, since you can ensure the split occurs exactly
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at a chapter boundary rather than in the middle of a scene.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you have a supported TV capture card, you can also encode from the
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TV-in device.
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Use <option>tv://</option><replaceable>channelnumber</replaceable> as
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the filename, and <option>-tv</option> to configure various capture
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settings.
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DVB input works similarly.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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<title>Encoding two pass MPEG-4 ("DivX")</title>
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<para>
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The name comes from the fact that this method encodes the file <emphasis>twice</emphasis>.
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The first encoding (dubbed pass) creates some temporary files
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(<filename>*.log</filename>) with a size of few megabytes, do not delete
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them yet (you can delete the AVI or rather just not create any video by
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redirecting it into <filename>/dev/null</filename>).
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In the second pass, the two pass output
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file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The
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resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first
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time you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the
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net.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>copy audio track</title>
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<para>
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Two pass encode of the second track a DVD to an MPEG-4 ("DivX")
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AVI while copying the audio track.
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<screen>
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o /dev/null
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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</screen>
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</para>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>encode audio track</title>
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<para>
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Two pass encode of a DVD to an MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI while encoding
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the audio track to MP3.
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Be careful using this method as it may lead to audio/video desync in
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some cases.
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<screen>
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o /dev/null
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mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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</screen>
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</para>
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</example>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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<title>Encoding to MPEG format</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> can create MPEG (MPEG-PS) format output
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files.
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Usually, when you are using MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 video, it is because you are
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encoding for a constrained format such as SVCD, VCD, or DVD.
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The specific requirements for these formats are explained in the
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<link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd"> VCD and DVD creation guide</link>
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section.
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</para>
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<para>
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To change <application>MEncoder</application>'s output file format,
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use the <option>-of mpeg</option> option.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Example:
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable>
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</screen>
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Creating an MPEG-1 file suitable to be played on systems with minimal
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multimedia support, such as default Windows installs:
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg1:tsaf:muxrate=2000 -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> -oac lavc -ovc lavc \
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-lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224:vcodec=mpeg1video:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:mbd=2:aspect=4/3
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</screen>
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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<title>Rescaling movies</title>
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<para>
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Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be
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many: decreasing file size, network bandwidth, etc. Most people even do
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rescaling when converting DVDs or SVCDs to DivX AVI. If you wish to rescale,
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read the <link linkend="aspect">Preserving aspect ratio</link> section.
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</para>
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<para>
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The scaling process is handled by the <literal>scale</literal> video filter:
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<option>-vf scale=<replaceable>width</replaceable>:<replaceable>height</replaceable></option>.
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Its quality can be set with the <option>-sws</option> option.
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If it is not specified, <application>MEncoder</application> will use 2: bicubic.
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</para>
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<para>
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Usage:
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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</screen>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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<title>Stream copying</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> can handle input streams in two ways:
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<emphasis role="bold">encode</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">copy</emphasis>
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them. This section is about <emphasis role="bold">copying</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">Video stream</emphasis> (option <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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nice stuff can be done :) Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or
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MPEG-1 video into an AVI file! Of course only
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<application>MPlayer</application> can play such files :) And it probably
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has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying can be
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useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded (like,
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uncompressed PCM to MP3).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">Audio stream</emphasis> (option <option>-oac copy</option>):
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straightforward. It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3,
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WAV) and mux it into the output stream. Use the
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<option>-audiofile <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> option
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for this.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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Using <option>-oac copy</option> to copy from one container format to
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another may require the use of <option>-fafmttag</option> to keep the
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audio format tag of the original file.
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For example, if you are converting an NSV file with AAC audio to an AVI
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container, the audio format tag will be incorrect and it will have to
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be changed. For a list of audio format tags, check
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<filename>codecs.conf</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Example:
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<screen>
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mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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</screen>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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<title>Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> is capable of creating movies from one
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or more JPEG, PNG or TGA files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG
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(Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files.
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<title>Explanation of the process:</title>
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<listitem><para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>decodes</emphasis> the input image(s) with
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<systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (when decoding PNGs, it
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will use <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> then feeds the decoded image to the
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chosen video compressor (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, etc.).
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</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<formalpara>
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|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
<para>
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|
The explanation of the <option>-mf</option> option is in the man page.
|
|
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Creating an MPEG-4 file from all the JPEG files in the current directory:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Creating an MPEG-4 file from some JPEG files in the current directory:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Creating an MPEG-4 file from explicit list of JPEG files (list.txt in current directory
|
|
contains the list of files to use as source, one per line):
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mencoder mf://<replaceable>@list.txt</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \
|
|
-ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current
|
|
directory:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current directory:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
|
|
<note><para>
|
|
Width must be integer multiple of 4, it is a limitation of the RAW RGB AVI format.
|
|
</para></note>
|
|
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current
|
|
directory:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> <!--
|
|
--></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current
|
|
directory:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!--
|
|
--></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
|
|
<title>Extracting DVD subtitles to VOBsub file</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<application>MEncoder</application> is capable of extracting subtitles from
|
|
a DVD into VOBsub formatted files. They consist of a pair of files ending in
|
|
<filename>.idx</filename> and <filename>.sub</filename> and are usually
|
|
packaged in a single <filename>.rar</filename> archive.
|
|
<application>MPlayer</application> can play these with the
|
|
<option>-vobsub</option> and <option>-vobsubid</option> options.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You specify the basename (i.e without the <filename>.idx</filename> or
|
|
<filename>.sub</filename> extension) of the output files with
|
|
<option>-vobsubout</option> and the index for this subtitle in the
|
|
resulting files with <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the input is not from a DVD you should use <option>-ifo</option> to
|
|
indicate the <filename>.ifo</filename> file needed to construct the
|
|
resulting <filename>.idx</filename> file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the
|
|
<filename>.ifo</filename> file you will need to use the
|
|
<option>-vobsubid</option> option to let it know what language id to put in
|
|
the <filename>.idx</filename> file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Each run will append the running subtitle if the <filename>.idx</filename>
|
|
and <filename>.sub</filename> files already exist. So you should remove any
|
|
before starting.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing two pass encoding</title>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
|
|
mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2
|
|
mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
|
|
--></screen>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</title>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
|
|
mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="aspect">
|
|
<title>Preserving aspect ratio</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
DVDs and SVCDs (i.e. MPEG-1/2) files contain an aspect ratio value, which
|
|
describes how the player should scale the video stream, so humans will not
|
|
have egg heads (ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to AVI
|
|
(DivX) files, you have to be aware that AVI headers do not store this value.
|
|
Rescaling the movie is disgusting and time consuming, there has to be a better
|
|
way!
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>There is</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
MPEG-4 has an unique feature: the video stream can contain its needed aspect
|
|
ratio. Yes, just like MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) and H.263 files. Regretfully, there are
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> video players outside which support this
|
|
attribute of MPEG-4, except <application>MPlayer</application>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This feature can be used only with
|
|
<link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>'s
|
|
<systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> codec. Keep in mind: although
|
|
<application>MPlayer</application> will correctly play the created file,
|
|
other players will use the wrong aspect ratio.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You seriously should crop the black bands over and below the movie image.
|
|
See the man page for the usage of the <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>crop</systemitem> filters.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Usage
|
|
<screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|