2.3.2. Audio output devices

MPlayer's audio interface is called libao2. It currently contains these drivers :

The fact is, Linux soundcard drivers are usually bad, and always as incompatible as they can be. It MAY take a while to find your optimal settings.

• if you have OSS as driver, first try with -ao oss (this is the default). If you experience glitches, halts or anything out of the ordinary, have a look at -ao sdl (NOTE: of course you'll have to have a new SDL library and its devel pair installed). It helps in a lot of cases (it also supports ESD, ARTS, and up/downsampling. /esd is GNOME's, arts is KDE's sound daemon/).
• if you have ALSA version 0.5, then you ALMOST always have to use -ao alsa5 , since 0.5 has buggy OSS emulation code, and will crash MPlayer with a message like this:
  
  DEMUXER: Too many (945 in 8390980 bytes) video packets in the buffer!
• if you have ALSA version 0.9, use -ao oss or -ao sdl as you wish. You can also use -ao alsa9 as it works now, however it has many problems (losing sync, disappearing audio, etc).

On Solaris/FreeBSD systems, use the SUN audio driver with the -ao sun option, otherwise you'll have no video, nor audio playing.

2.3.2.1. Soundcard experiences, recommendations

VIA onboard chipset (via82cxxx) 48Khz only
	Driver:	from here
Aureal Vortex 2
	OSS:	no driver
	OSS/Pro:	OK
	ALSA:	no driver
	Max kHz:	48
	Driver:	aureal.sourceforge.net
	Driver2:	from here (buffer size increased to 32k)
GUS PnP
	OSS:	no driver
	OSS/Pro:	OK
	ALSA:	OK
	Max kHz:	48
SB Live!
	OSS:	Analog OK, SP/DIF won't work
	ALSA:	Both OK
	Max kHz:	192
SB AWE 64
	OSS:	max 44kHz
	ALSA:	48kHz sounds shit
	Max kHz:	48
Gravis UltraSound ACE
	OSS:	not OK
	ALSA:	OK
	Max kHz:	44
Gravis UltraSound MAX
	OSS:	OK
	ALSA:	OK (?)
	Max kHz:	48
ESS 688
	OSS:	OK
	ALSA:	OK (?)
	Max kHz:	48
C-Media cards (which ones?)
	OSS:	not OK (hissing) (?)
	ALSA:	OK (?)
	Max kHz:	?
Yamaha cards (*ymf*)
	OSS:	not OK (?) (maybe -ao sdl)
	ALSA:	OK only with ALSA 0.5 with OSS emulation AND -ao sdl (!) (?)
	Max kHz:	?
Cards with envy24 chips (like Terratec EWS88MT)
	OSS:	?
	OSS/Pro:	OK
	ALSA:	?
	Max kHz:	?
PC Speaker or DAC
	OSS:	OK (use the SDL driver : -ao sdl)
	ALSA:	no driver
	Max kHz:	the driver emulates 44.1 maybe more
	Driver:	ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp

• on Linux, use at least kernel 2.4 if possible, 2.2 isn't tested
• if sound clicks when playing from CD-ROM, turn on IRQ unmasking ! for example "hdparm -u1 /dev/cdrom" (see "man hdparm" !!!) This is recommended anyways... (for XMMS, etc...) Read section 4.1.
• don't use your soundcard by other application ( for ex. XMMS ) ! if you use ESD, start MPlayer with the '-vo sdl:esd' option !
• Please tell us how MPlayer and your soundcard(s) worked together!

2.3.2.2. Audio plugins

MPlayer has support for audio plugins. Audio plugins can be used for changing the properties of the audio data before the sound reaches the sound card. They are enabled using the -aop switch followed by the list=plugin1,plugin2,... switch. The list switch is required and determines which plugins that should be used and in which order they should be executed, example:

  mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample,format

would run the sound through the resampling plugin followed by the format plugin.

The plugins can also have switches that changes their behaviour. These switches are explained in detail in the sections below. A plugin will execute using default settings if it's switches are omitted. Example of how to use plugins in combination with plugin specific switches:

  mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample,format:fout=48000:format=0x8

would set the output frequency of the resample plugin to 44100Hz and the output format of the format plugin to AFMT_U8.

Currently audio plugins can not be used in MEncoder.

2.3.2.2.1. Up/Downsampling

MPlayer fully supports up/down sampling of the sound. This plugin can for example be used if you have a fixed frequency sound card or if you are stuck with an olqd sound card that is only capable of max 44.1kHz. Limitations in your hardware are not auto detected, so you have to specify the sample frequency explicitly. This plugin has one switch: fout which is used for setting the desired output sample frequency, it defaults to 48kHz, and is given in <Hz>.

Usage :
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample:fout=<required frequency in Hz, like 44100>

2.3.2.2.2. Surround Sound decoding

MPlayer has an audio plugin that can decode matrix encoded surround sound. Dolby Surround is an example of a matrix encoded format.

Many files with 2 channel audio actually contain matrixed surround sound.

To use this feature, you will need a sound-card supporting at least 4 channels.

Usage :
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=surround

2.3.2.2.3. Sample format converter

If your sound card driver doesn't support signed 16bit int, this plugin can be used to change the format to one which your sound card can understand. It has one switch format which can be set to one of the numbers found in libao2/afmt.h. This plugin is hardly ever needed and is intended for advanced users. Observe that this plugin only changes the sample format and not the sample frequency or the number of channels.

Usage :
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=format:format=<required output format>

2.3.2.2.4. Delay

This plugin delays the sound and is intended as an example of how to develop new plugins. It can not be used for anything useful from users perspective and is mentioned here for the sake of completeness only. Do not use this plugin unless you are a developer.

2.3.2.2.5. Software volume control

This plugin is a software replacement for the volume control, and can be used in machines with broken mixer device. It can also be used if one wants to change the output volume from MPlayer without changing the PCM volume setting in the mixer. It has one switch volume that is used for setting the initial sound level. The initial sound level can be set to values between 0 and 255 and defaults to 101 which equals 0dB amplification. Use this plugin with caution since it can reduce the signal to noise ratio of the sound. In most cases it is best to set the level for the PCM sound to max, leave this plugin out and control the output level to your speakers with the mixers master volume control. If there is an external amplifier connected to the computer (this is almost always the case), the noise level can be minimized by adjusting the master level and the volume knob on the amplifier until the hissing noise in the background is gone.

Usage :
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=volume:volume=<0-255>

This plugin also have a compressor or "soft-clipping" capabilities. Compression can be used if the dynamic range of the sound is very high or if the dynamic range of the loudspeakers is very low. Observe that this feature creates distortion and should be considered a last resort.

Usage :
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=volume:softclip

2.3.2.2.6. Extrastereo

This plugin increases (linearly) the difference between left and right channels (as the XMMS extrastereo plugin) which has some of "live" effect on playback.

Usage :
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo:mul=3.45

The default coefficient (mul) is a float number that defaults to 2.5. If you set it to 0.0, you will have a mono sound (average of both channels), if you set it to 1.0, sound will be unchanged.

2.3.2.2.7. Volume normalizer

This plugin maximizes the volume while maintaining distortionless sound.

Usage :
  mplayer media.avi -aop list=volnorm