mirror of
https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv
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Documentation for VCD/SVCD/DVD encoding, patch by Brendan McCarthy < bmccarthy AH iinet POUM net POUM au>
git-svn-id: svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk@15927 b3059339-0415-0410-9bf9-f77b7e298cf2
This commit is contained in:
gpoirier
parent
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@ -2767,6 +2767,610 @@ codec</title>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd">
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<title>Using MEncoder to create VCD/SVCD/DVD-compliant files.</title>
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<sect2 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-constraints">
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<title>Format Constraints</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> is capable of creating VCD, SCVD
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and DVD format MPEG files using the
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<systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> library.
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These files can then be used in conjunction with
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<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/vcdimager/vcdimager.html">vcdimager</ulink>
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or
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<ulink url="http://dvdauthor.sourceforge.net/">dvdauthor</ulink>
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to create discs that will play on a standard set-top player.
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</para>
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<para>
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The DVD, SVCD, and VCD formats are subject to heavy constraints.
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Only a small selection of encoded picture sizes and aspect ratios are
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available.
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If your movie does not already meet these requirements, you may have
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to scale,crop or add black borders to the picture to make it
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compliant.
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</para>
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-constraints-resolution">
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<title>Format Constraints</title>
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<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="9">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Format</entry>
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<entry>Resolution</entry>
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<entry>V. Codec</entry>
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<entry>V. Bitrate</entry>
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<entry>Sample Rate</entry>
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<entry>A. Codec</entry>
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<entry>A. Bitrate</entry>
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<entry>FPS</entry>
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<entry>Aspect</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>NTSC DVD</entry>
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<entry>720x480, 704x480, 352x480, 352x240</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-2</entry>
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<entry>9800 kbps</entry>
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<entry>48000 Hz</entry>
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<entry>AC3,PCM</entry>
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<entry>1536 kbps</entry>
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<entry>23.976, 29.97</entry>
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<entry>4:3, 16:9 (only for 720x480)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>NTSC DVD</entry>
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<entry>352x240*</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-1</entry>
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<entry>1856 kbps</entry>
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<entry>48000 Hz</entry>
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<entry>AC3,PCM</entry>
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<entry>1536 kbps</entry>
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<entry>23.976, 29.97</entry>
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<entry>4:3, 16:9</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>NTSC SVCD</entry>
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<entry>480x480</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-2</entry>
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<entry>2600 kbps</entry>
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<entry>44100 Hz</entry>
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<entry>MP2</entry>
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<entry>384 kbps</entry>
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<entry>29.97</entry>
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<entry>4:3</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>NTSC VCD</entry>
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<entry>352x240</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-1</entry>
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<entry>1150 kbps</entry>
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<entry>44100 Hz</entry>
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<entry>MP2</entry>
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<entry>224 kbps</entry>
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<entry>23.976, 29.97</entry>
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<entry>4:3</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>PAL DVD</entry>
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<entry>720x576, 704x576, 352x576, 352x288</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-2</entry>
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<entry>9800 kbps</entry>
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<entry>48000 Hz</entry>
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<entry>MP2,AC3,PCM</entry>
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<entry>1536 kbps</entry>
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<entry>25</entry>
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<entry>4:3, 16:9 (only for 720x576)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>PAL DVD</entry>
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<entry>352x288*</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-1</entry>
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<entry>1856 kbps</entry>
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<entry>48000 Hz</entry>
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<entry>MP2,AC3,PCM</entry>
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<entry>1536 kbps</entry>
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<entry>25</entry>
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<entry>4:3, 16:9</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>PAL SVCD</entry>
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<entry>480x576</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-2</entry>
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<entry>2600 kbps</entry>
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<entry>44100 Hz</entry>
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<entry>MP2</entry>
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<entry>384 kbps</entry>
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<entry>25</entry>
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<entry>4:3</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>PAL VCD</entry>
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<entry>352x288</entry>
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<entry>MPEG-1</entry>
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<entry>1150 kbps</entry>
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<entry>44100 Hz</entry>
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<entry>MP2</entry>
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<entry>224 kbps</entry>
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<entry>25</entry>
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<entry>4:3</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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* These resolutions are rarely used for DVDs because they are fairly low
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quality.
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</para>
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<para>
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If your movie has 2.35:1 aspect (most recent action movies), you will
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have to add black borders or crop the movie down to 16:9 to make a DVD
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or VCD.
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If you add black borders, try to align them at 16-pixel boundaries in
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order to minimize the impact on encoding performance.
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Thankfully DVD has sufficiently excessive bitrate that you do not have
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to worry too much about encoding efficiency, but SVCD and VCD are
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highly bitrate-starved and require effort to obtain acceptable quality.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-constraints-gop">
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<title>GOP Size Constraints</title>
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<para>
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DVD, VCD, and SVCD also constrain you to relatively low
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GOP (Group of Pictures) sizes.
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For 30 fps material the largest allows GOP size is 18.
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For 25 or 25 fps, the maximum is 15.
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The GOP size is set using the <option>keyint</option> option.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-constraints-bitrate">
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<title>Bitrate Constraints</title>
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<para>
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VCD video is required to be CBR at 1152 kbps.
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This highly limiting constraint also comes along with an extremly low vbv
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buffer size of 327 kilobits.
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SVCD allows varying video bitrates up to 2500 kbps, and a somewhat less
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restrictive vbv buffer size of 917 kilobits is allowed.
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DVD video bitrates may range anywhere up to 9800 kbps (though typical
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bitrates are about half that), and the vbv buffer size is 1835 kilobits.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-output">
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<title>Output Options</title>
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<para>
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<application>MEncoder</application> has options to control the output
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format.
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Using these options we can instruct it to create the correct type of
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file.
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</para>
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<para>
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The options for VCD and SVCD are called xvcd and xsvcd, because they
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are extended formats.
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They are not strictly compliant, mainly because the output does not
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contain scan offsets.
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If you need to generate an SVCD image, you should pass the output file
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to
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<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/vcdimager/vcdimager.html">vcdimager</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>
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VCD:
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<screen>
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-of mpeg -mpegopts format=xvcd
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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SVCD:
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<screen>
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-of mpeg -mpegopts format=xsvcd
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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DVD:
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<screen>
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-of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd
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</screen>
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</para>
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-output-aspect">
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<title>Aspect Ratio</title>
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<para>
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The aspect argument of <option>-lavcopts</option> is used to encode
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the aspect ratio of the file.
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During playback the aspect ratio is used to restore the video to the
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correct size.
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</para>
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<para>
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16:9 or "Widescreen"
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<screen>
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-lavcopts aspect=16/9
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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4:3 or "Fullscreen"
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<screen>
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-lavcopts aspect=4/3
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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2.35:1 or "Cinemascope" NTSC
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<screen>
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-vf scale=720:368,expand=720:480 -lavcopts aspect=16/9
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</screen>
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To calculate the correct scaling size, use the expanded NTSC width of
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854/2.35 = 368
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</para>
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<para>
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2.35:1 or "Cinemascope" PAL
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<screen>
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-vf scale="720:432,expand=720:576 -lavcopts aspect=16/9
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</screen>
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To calculate the correct scaling size, use the expanded PAL width of
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1024/2.35 = 432
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-output-srate">
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<title>Sample Rate Conversion</title>
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<para>
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If the audio sample rate in the original file is not the same as
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required by the target format, sample rate conversion is required.
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This is acheived using the <option>-srate</option> and
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<option>-af lavcresample</option> options together.
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</para>
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<para>
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DVD:
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<screen>
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-srate 48000 -af lavcresample=48000
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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VCD and SVCD:
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<screen>
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-srate 44100 -af lavcresample=44100
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</screen>
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</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-lavc">
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<title>Using libavcodec for VCD/SVCD/DVD Encoding</title>
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-lavc-intro">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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<systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> can be used to
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create VCD/SVCD/DVD compliant video by using the appropriate options.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-lavc-options">
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<title>lavcopts</title>
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<para>
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This is a list of fields in <option>-lavcopts</option> that you may
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be required to change in order to make a complaint movie for VCD, SVCD,
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or DVD:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">acodec</emphasis>:
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<option>mp2</option> for VCD, SVCD, or PAL DVD;
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<option>ac3</option> is most commonly used for DVD.
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PCM audio may also be used for DVD, but this is mostly a big waste of
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space.
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Note that mp3 audio is not compliant for any of these formats, but
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players often have no problem playing it anyway.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">abitrate</emphasis>:
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224 for VCD; up to 384 for SVCD; up to 1536 for DVD, but commonly
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used values range from 192 kbps for stereo to 384 kbps for 5.1 channel
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sound.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">vcodec</emphasis>:
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<option>mpeg1video</option> for VCD;
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<option>mpeg2video</option> for SVCD;
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<option>mpeg2video</option> is usually used for DVD but you may also use
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<option>mpeg1video</option> for CIF resolutions.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">keyint</emphasis>:
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Used to set the GOP size.
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18 for 30fps material, or 15 for 25/24 fps material.
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Commercial producers seem to prefer keyframe intervals of 12.
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It is possible to make this much larger and still retain compatibility
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with most players.
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A <option>keyint</option> of 25 should never cause any problems.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">vrc_buf_size</emphasis>:
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327 for VCD, 917 for SVCD, and 1835 for DVD.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">vrc_minrate</emphasis>:
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1152, for VCD. May be left alone for SVCD and DVD.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">vrc_maxrate</emphasis>:
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1152 for VCD; 2500 for SVCD; 9800 for DVD.
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For SVCD and DVD, you might wish to use lower values depending on your
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own personal preferences and requirements.
|
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<emphasis role="bold">vbitrate</emphasis>:
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1152 for VCD;
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up to 2500 for SVCD;
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up to 9800 for DVD.
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For the latter two formats, vbitrate should be set based on personal
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preference.
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For instance, if you insist on fitting 20 or so hours on a DVD, you
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could use vbitrate=400.
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The resulting video quality would probably be quite bad.
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||||
If you are trying to squeeze out the maximum possible quality on a DVD,
|
||||
use vbitrate=9800, but be warned that this could constrain you to less
|
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than an hour of video on a single-layer DVD.
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</para></listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
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<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-lavc-examples">
|
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<title>Examples</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
This is a typical minimum set of <option>-lavcopts</option> for
|
||||
encoding video:
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</para>
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||||
<para>
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||||
VCD:
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<screen>
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||||
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vrc_buf_size=327:vrc_minrate=1152:\
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vrc_maxrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:acodec=mp2
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
SVCD:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=917:vrc_maxrate=2500:vbitrate=1800:\
|
||||
keyint=15:acodec=mp2
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
DVD:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=1835:vrc_maxrate=9800:vbitrate=5000:\
|
||||
keyint=15:acodec=ac3
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-lavc-advanced">
|
||||
<title>Advanced Options</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For higher quality encoding, you may also wish to add quality-enhancing
|
||||
options to lavcopts, such as <option>trell</option>,
|
||||
<option>mbd=2</option>, and others.
|
||||
Note that <option>qpel</option> and <option>v4mv</option>, while often
|
||||
useful with MPEG-4, are not usable in MPEG-1 or MPEG-2.
|
||||
Also, if you are trying to make a very high quality DVD encode, it may
|
||||
be useful to add <option>dc=10</option> to lavcopts.
|
||||
Doing so may help reduce the appearance of blocks in flat-colored areas.
|
||||
Putting it all together, this is an example of a set of lavcopts for a
|
||||
higher quality DVD:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=1835:vrc_maxrate=9800:vbitrate=8000:\
|
||||
keyint=15:trell:mbd=2:precmp=2:subcmp=2:cmp=2:dia=-10:predia=-10:cbp:mv0:\
|
||||
vqmin=1:lmin=1:dc=10
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-audio">
|
||||
<title>Encoding Audio</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
VCD and SVCD supports MPEG-1 layer II audio, using one of
|
||||
<systemitem class="library">toolame</systemitem>,
|
||||
<systemitem class="library">twolame</systemitem>,
|
||||
or <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>'s mp2 encoder.
|
||||
The libavcodec mp2 is far from being as good as the other two libraries,
|
||||
however it should always be available to use.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For DVD audio, <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>'s
|
||||
AC3 codec is used.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-audio-toolame">
|
||||
<title>toolame</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For VCD and SVCD:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-oac toolame -toolameopts br=224
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-audio-twolame">
|
||||
<title>twolame</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For VCD and SVCD:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-oac twolame -twolameopts br=224
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-audio-lavc">
|
||||
<title>libavcodec</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For DVD with 2 channel sound:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=ac3:abitrate=192
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For DVD with 5.1 channel sound:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-channels 6 -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=ac3:abitrate=384
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For VCD and SVCD:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
-oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all">
|
||||
<title>Putting it all Together</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
This section shows some complete commands for creating VCD/SVCD/DVD
|
||||
compliant videos.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-pal-dvd">
|
||||
<title>PAL DVD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd -vf scale=720:576,\
|
||||
harddup -srate 48000 -af lavcresample=48000 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:\
|
||||
vrc_buf_size=1835:vrc_maxrate=9800:vbitrate=5000:keyint=15:acodec=ac3:\
|
||||
abitrate=192:aspect=16/9 -ofps 25 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-ntsc-dvd">
|
||||
<title>NTSC DVD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd -vf scale=720:480,\
|
||||
harddup -srate 48000 -af lavcresample=48000 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:\
|
||||
vrc_buf_size=1835:vrc_maxrate=9800:vbitrate=5000:keyint=18:acodec=ac3:\
|
||||
abitrate=192:aspect=16/9 -ofps 30000/1001 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-pal-ac3-copy">
|
||||
<title>PAL AVI Containing AC3 Audio to DVD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If the source already has AC3 audio, use -oac copy instead of re-encoding it.
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac copy -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd -vf scale=720:576,\
|
||||
harddup -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=1835:vrc_maxrate=9800:\
|
||||
vbitrate=5000:keyint=15:aspect=16/9 -ofps 25 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-ntsc-ac3-copy">
|
||||
<title>NTSC AVI Containing AC3 Audio to DVD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If the source already has AC3 audio, and is NTSC @ 23.976 fps:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac copy -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd -vf scale=720:480,\
|
||||
harddup -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=1835:vrc_maxrate=9800:\
|
||||
vbitrate=5000:keyint=15:aspect=16/9 -ofps 24000/1001 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-pal-svcd">
|
||||
<title>PAL SVCD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=xsvcd -vf \
|
||||
scale=480:576,harddup -srate 44100 -af lavcresample=44100 -lavcopts \
|
||||
vcodec=mpeg2video:mbd=2:keyint=15:vrc_buf_size=917:vrc_minrate=600:\
|
||||
vbitrate=2500:vrc_maxrate=2500:acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ofps 25 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-ntsc-svcd">
|
||||
<title>NTSC SVCD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=xsvcd -vf \
|
||||
scale=480:480,harddup -srate 44100 -af lavcresample=44100 -lavcopts \
|
||||
vcodec=mpeg2video:mbd=2:keyint=18:vrc_buf_size=917:vrc_minrate=600:\
|
||||
vbitrate=2500:vrc_maxrate=2500:acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ofps 30000/1001 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-pal-vcd">
|
||||
<title>PAL VCD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=xvcd -vf \
|
||||
scale=352:288,harddup -srate 44100 -af lavcresample=44100 -lavcopts \
|
||||
vcodec=mpeg1video:keyint=15:vrc_buf_size=327:vrc_minrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:\
|
||||
vrc_maxrate=1152:acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ofps 25 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-all-ntsc-vcd">
|
||||
<title>NTSC VCD</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
mencoder -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=xvcd -vf \
|
||||
scale=352:240,harddup -srate 44100 -af lavcresample=44100 -lavcopts \
|
||||
vcodec=mpeg1video:keyint=18:vrc_buf_size=327:vrc_minrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:\
|
||||
vrc_maxrate=1152:acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ofps 30000/1001 \
|
||||
-o <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="menc-feat-telecine">
|
||||
<title>How to deal with telecine and interlacing within NTSC DVDs</title>
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user