.. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 How Lua runs in HAProxy ======================= HAProxy Lua running contexts ---------------------------- The Lua code executed in HAProxy can be processed in 2 main modes. The first one is the **initialisation mode**, and the second is the **runtime mode**. * In the **initialisation mode**, we can perform DNS solves, but we cannot perform socket I/O. In this initialisation mode, HAProxy still blocked during the execution of the Lua program. * In the **runtime mode**, we cannot perform DNS solves, but we can use sockets. The execution of the Lua code is multiplexed with the requests processing, so the Lua code seems to be run in blocking, but it is not the case. The Lua code is loaded in one or more files. These files contains main code and functions. Lua have 6 execution context. 1. The Lua file **body context**. It is executed during the load of the Lua file in the HAProxy `[global]` section with the directive `lua-load`. It is executed in initialisation mode. This section is use for configuring Lua bindings in HAProxy. 2. The Lua **init context**. It is an Lua function executed just after the HAProxy configuration parsing. The execution is in initialisation mode. In this context the HAProxy environment are already initialized. It is useful to check configuration, or initializing socket connections or tasks. These functions are declared in the body context with the Lua function `core.register_init()`. The prototype of the function is a simple function without return value and without parameters, like this: `function fcn()`. 3. The Lua **task context**. It is an Lua function executed after the start of the HAProxy scheduler, and just after the declaration of the task with the Lua function `core.register_task()`. This context can be concurrent with the traffic processing. It is executed in runtime mode. The prototype of the function is a simple function without return value and without parameters, like this: `function fcn()`. 4. The **action context**. It is an Lua function conditionally executed. These actions are declared by the HAProxy directives "`tcp-request content lua `", "`tcp-response content lua `", "`http-request lua `" and "`http-response lua `". The prototype of the Lua called function is a function with doesn't returns anything and that take an object of class TXN as entry. `function fcn(txn)` 5. The **sample-fetch context**. This function takes a TXN object as entry argument and returns a string. These types of function cannot execute any blocking function. They are useful to aggregate some of original HAProxy sample-fetches and return the result. The prototype of the function is `function string fcn(txn)`. These functions can be registered with the Lua function `core.register_fetches()`. Each declared sample-fetch is prefixed by the string "lua.". **NOTE**: It is possible that this function cannot found the required data in the original HAProxy sample-fetches, in this case, it cannot return the result. This case is not yet supported 6. The **converter context**. It is an Lua function that takes a string as input and returns another string as output. These types of function are stateless, it cannot access to any context. They don't execute any blocking function. The call prototype is `function string fcn(string)`. This function can be registered with the Lua function `core.register_converters()`. Each declared converter is prefixed by the string "lua.". HAProxy Lua Hello world ----------------------- HAProxy configuration file (`hello_world.conf`): :: global lua-load hello_world.lua listen proxy bind 127.0.0.1:10001 tcp-request content lua hello_world HAProxy Lua file (`hello_world.lua`): .. code-block:: lua function hello_world(txn) txn.res:send("hello world\n") txn:close() end How to start HAProxy for testing this configuration: :: ./haproxy -f hello_world.conf On other terminal, you can test with telnet: :: #:~ telnet 127.0.0.1 10001 hello world Core class ========== .. js:class:: core The "core" class contains all the HAProxy core functions. These function are useful for the controlling the execution flow, registering hooks, manipulating global maps or ACL, ... "core" class is basically provided with HAProxy. No `require` line is required to uses these function. The "core" class is static, t is not possible to create a new object of this type. .. js:attribute:: core.emerg This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "emergency" (0). .. js:attribute:: core.alert This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "alert" (1). .. js:attribute:: core.crit This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "critical" (2). .. js:attribute:: core.err This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "error" (3). .. js:attribute:: core.warning This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "warning" (4). .. js:attribute:: core.notice This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "notice" (5). .. js:attribute:: core.info This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "info" (6). .. js:attribute:: core.debug This attribute is an integer, it contains the value of the loglevel "debug" (7). .. js:function:: core.log(loglevel, msg) **context**: body, init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter This fucntion sends a log. The log is sent, according with the HAProxy configuration file, on the default syslog server if it is configured and on the stderr if it is allowed. :param integer loglevel: Is the log level asociated with the message. It is a number between 0 and 7. :param string msg: The log content. :see: core.emerg, core.alert, core.crit, core.err, core.warning, core.notice, core.info, core.debug (log level definitions) :see: code.Debug :see: core.Info :see: core.Warning :see: core.Alert .. js:function:: core.Debug(msg) **context**: body, init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter :param string msg: The log content. :see: log Does the same job than: .. code-block:: lua function Debug(msg) core.log(core.debug, msg) end .. .. js:function:: core.Info(msg) **context**: body, init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter :param string msg: The log content. :see: log .. code-block:: lua function Info(msg) core.log(core.info, msg) end .. .. js:function:: core.Warning(msg) **context**: body, init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter :param string msg: The log content. :see: log .. code-block:: lua function Warning(msg) core.log(core.warning, msg) end .. .. js:function:: core.Alert(msg) **context**: body, init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter :param string msg: The log content. :see: log .. code-block:: lua function Alert(msg) core.log(core.alert, msg) end .. .. js:function:: core.add_acl(filename, key) **context**: init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter Add the ACL *key* in the ACLs list referenced by the file *filename*. :param string filename: the filename that reference the ACL entries. :param string key: the key which will be added. .. js:function:: core.del_acl(filename, key) **context**: init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter Delete the ACL entry referenced by the key *key* in the list of ACLs referenced by *filename*. :param string filename: the filename that reference the ACL entries. :param string key: the key which will be deleted. .. js:function:: core.del_map(filename, key) **context**: init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter Delete the map entry indexed with the specified key in the list of maps referenced by his filename. :param string filename: the filename that reference the map entries. :param string key: the key which will be deleted. .. js:function:: core.msleep(milliseconds) **context**: body, init, task, action The `core.msleep()` stops the Lua execution between specified milliseconds. :param integer milliseconds: the required milliseconds. .. js:function:: core.register_converters(name, func) **context**: body Register an Lua function executed as converter. All the registered converters can be used in HAProxy with the prefix "lua.". An converter get a string as input and return a string as output. The registered function can take up to 9 values as parameter. All the value are strings. :param string name: is the name of the converter. :param function func: is the Lua function called to work as converter. The prototype of the Lua function used as argument is: .. code-block:: lua function(str, [p1 [, p2 [, ... [, p5]]]]) .. * **str** (*string*): this is the input value automatically converted in string. * **p1** .. **p5** (*string*): this is a list of string arguments declared in the haroxy configuration file. The number of arguments doesn't exceed 5. The order and the nature of these is conventionally choose by the developper. .. js:function:: core.register_fetches(name, func) **context**: body Register an Lua function executed as sample fetch. All the registered sample fetchs can be used in HAProxy with the prefix "lua.". A Lua sample fetch return a string as output. The registered function can take up to 9 values as parameter. All the value are strings. :param string name: is the name of the converter. :param function func: is the Lua function called to work as sample fetch. The prototype of the Lua function used as argument is: .. code-block:: lua string function(txn, [p1 [, p2 [, ... [, p5]]]]) .. * **txn** (*class txn*): this is the txn object associated with the current request. * **p1** .. **p5** (*string*): this is a list of string arguments declared in the haroxy configuration file. The number of arguments doesn't exceed 5. The order and the nature of these is conventionally choose by the developper. * **Returns**: A string containing some data, ot nil if the value cannot be returned now. lua example code: .. code-block:: lua core.register_fetches("hello", function(txn) return "hello" end) .. HAProxy example configuration: :: frontend example http-request redirect location /%[lua.hello] .. js:function:: core.register_init(func) **context**: body Register a function executed after the configuration parsing. This is useful to check any parameters. :param fuction func: is the Lua function called to work as initializer. The prototype of the Lua function used as argument is: .. code-block:: lua function() .. It takes no input, and no output is expected. .. js:function:: core.register_task(func) **context**: body, init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter Register and start independent task. The task is started when the HAProxy main scheduler starts. For example this type of tasks can be executed to perform complex health checks. :param fuction func: is the Lua function called to work as initializer. The prototype of the Lua function used as argument is: .. code-block:: lua function() .. It takes no input, and no output is expected. .. js:function:: core.set_nice(nice) **context**: task, action, sample-fetch, converter Change the nice of the current task or current session. :param integer nice: the nice value, it must be between -1024 and 1024. .. js:function:: core.set_map(filename, key, value) **context**: init, task, action, sample-fetch, converter set the value *value* associated to the key *key* in the map referenced by *filename*. .. js:function:: core.sleep(int seconds) **context**: body, init, task, action The `core.sleep()` functions stop the Lua execution between specified seconds. :param integer seconds: the required seconds. .. js:function:: core.tcp() **context**: init, task, action This function returns a new object of a *socket* class. :returns: A socket class object. .. js:function:: core.yield() **context**: task, action, sample-fetch, converter Give back the hand at the HAProxy scheduler. It is used when the LUA processing consumes a lot of processing time. Fetches class ============= .. js:class:: Fetches This class contains a lot of internal HAProxy sample fetches. See the HAProxy "configuration.txt" documentation for more information about her usage. they are the chapters 7.3.2 to 7.3.6. :see: TXN.f :see: TXN.sf Fetches are useful for: * get system time, * get environment variable, * get random numbers, * known backend status like the number of users in queue or the number of connections established, * client information like ip source or destination, * deal with stick tables, * Established SSL informations, * HTTP information like headers or method. .. code-block:: lua function action(txn) -- Get source IP local clientip = txn.f:src() end .. Converters class ================ .. js:class:: Converters This class contains a lot of internal HAProxy sample converters. See the HAProxy documentation "configuration.txt" for more information about her usage. Its the chapter 7.3.1. :see: TXN.c :see: TXN.sc Converters provides statefull transformation. They are useful for: * converting input to base64, * applying hash on input string (djb2, crc32, sdbm, wt6), * format date, * json escape, * extracting prefered language comparing two lists, * turn to lower or upper chars, * deal with stick tables. Channel class ============= .. js:class:: Channel HAProxy uses two buffers for the processing of the requests. The first one is used with the request data (from the client to the server) and the second is used for the response data (from the server to the client). Each buffer contains two types of data. The first type is the incoming data waiting for a processing. The second part is the outgoing data already processed. Usually, the incoming data is processed, after it is tagged as outgoing data, and finally it is sent. The following functions provides tools for manipulating these data in a buffer. The following diagram shows where the channel class function are applied. **Warning**: It is not possible to read from the response in request action, and it is not possible to read for the request channel in response action. .. image:: _static/channel.png .. js:function:: Channel.dup(channel) This function returns a string that contain the entire buffer. The data is not remove from the buffer and can be reprocessed later. If the buffer cant receive more data, a 'nil' value is returned. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :returns: a string containig all the avalaible data or nil. .. js:function:: Channel.get(channel) This function returns a string that contain the entire buffer. The data is consumed from the buffer. If the buffer cant receive more data, a 'nil' value is returned. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :returns: a string containig all the avalaible data or nil. .. js:function:: Channel.get_line(channel) This function returns a string that contain the first line of the buffer. The data is consumed. If the data returned doesn't contains a final '\n' its assumed than its the last available data in the buffer. If the buffer cant receive more data, a 'nil' value is returned. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :returns: a string containig the avalaiable line or nil. .. js:function:: Channel.set(channel, string) This function replace the content of the buffer by the string. The function returns the copied length, otherwise, it returns -1. The data set with this function are not send. They wait for the end of HAProxy processing, so the buffer can be full. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :param string string: The data which will sent. :returns: an integer containing the amount of butes copyed or -1. .. js:function:: Channel.append(channel, string) This function append the string argument to the content of the buffer. The function returns the copied length, otherwise, it returns -1. The data set with this function are not send. They wait for the end of HAProxy processing, so the buffer can be full. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :param string string: The data which will sent. :returns: an integer containing the amount of butes copyed or -1. .. js:function:: Channel.send(channel, string) This function required immediate send of the data. Unless if the connection is close, the buffer is regularly flushed and all the string can be sent. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :param string string: The data which will sent. :returns: an integer containing the amount of butes copyed or -1. .. js:function:: Channel.get_in_length(channel) This function returns the length of the input part of the buffer. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :returns: an integer containing the amount of avalaible bytes. .. js:function:: Channel.get_out_length(channel) This function returns the length of the output part of the buffer. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :returns: an integer containing the amount of avalaible bytes. .. js:function:: Channel.forward(channel, int) This function transfer bytes from the input part of the buffer to the output part. :param class_channel channel: The manipulated Channel. :param integer int: The amount of data which will be forwarded. HTTP class ========== .. js:class:: HTTP This class contain all the HTTP manipulation functions. .. js:function:: HTTP.req_get_header(http) Returns an array containing all the request headers. :param class_http http: The related http object. :returns: array of headers. :see: HTTP.res_get_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.res_get_header(http) Returns an array containing all the response headers. :param class_http http: The related http object. :returns: array of headers. :see: HTTP.req_get_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.req_add_header(http, name, value) Appends an HTTP header field in the request whose name is specified in "name" and whose value is defined in "value". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string value: The header value. :see: HTTP.res_add_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.res_add_header(http, name, value) appends an HTTP header field in the response whose name is specified in "name" and whose value is defined in "value". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string value: The header value. :see: HTTP.req_add_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.req_del_header(http, name) Removes all HTTP header fields in the request whose name is specified in "name". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :see: HTTP.res_del_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.res_del_header(http, name) Removes all HTTP header fields in the response whose name is specified in "name". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :see: HTTP.req_del_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.req_set_header(http, name, value) This variable replace all occurence of all header "name", by only one containing the "value". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string value: The header value. :see: HTTP.res_set_header() This function does the same work as the folowwing code: .. code-block:: lua function fcn(txn) TXN.http:req_del_header("header") TXN.http:req_add_header("header", "value") end .. .. js:function:: HTTP.res_set_header(http, name, value) This variable replace all occurence of all header "name", by only one containing the "value". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string value: The header value. :see: HTTP.req_set_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.req_replace_header(http, name, regex, replace) Matches the regular expression in all occurrences of header field "name" according to "regex", and replaces them with the "replace" argument. The replacement value can contain back references like \1, \2, ... This function works with the request. :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string regex: The match regular expression. :param string replace: The replacement value. :see: HTTP.res_replace_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.res_replace_header(http, name, regex, string) Matches the regular expression in all occurrences of header field "name" according to "regex", and replaces them with the "replace" argument. The replacement value can contain back references like \1, \2, ... This function works with the request. :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string regex: The match regular expression. :param string replace: The replacement value. :see: HTTP.req_replace_header() .. js:function:: HTTP.req_replace_value(http, name, regex, replace) Works like "HTTP.req_replace_header()" except that it matches the regex against every comma-delimited value of the header field "name" instead of the entire header. :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string regex: The match regular expression. :param string replace: The replacement value. :see: HTTP.req_replace_header() :see: HTTP.res_replace_value() .. js:function:: HTTP.res_replace_value(http, name, regex, replace) Works like "HTTP.res_replace_header()" except that it matches the regex against every comma-delimited value of the header field "name" instead of the entire header. :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string name: The header name. :param string regex: The match regular expression. :param string replace: The replacement value. :see: HTTP.res_replace_header() :see: HTTP.req_replace_value() .. js:function:: HTTP.req_set_method(http, method) Rewrites the request method with the parameter "method". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string method: The new method. .. js:function:: HTTP.req_set_path(http, path) Rewrites the request path with the "path" parameter. :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string path: The new path. .. js:function:: HTTP.req_set_query(http, query) Rewrites the request's query string which appears after the first question mark ("?") with the parameter "query". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string query: The new query. .. js:function:: HTTP.req.set_uri(http, uri) Rewrites the request URI with the parameter "uri". :param class_http http: The related http object. :param string uri: The new uri. TXN class ========= .. js:class:: TXN The txn class contain all the functions relative to the http or tcp transaction (Note than a tcp stream is the same than a tcp transaction, but an HTTP transaction is not the same than a tcp stream). The usage of this class permits to retrieve data from the requests, alter it and forward it. All the functions provided by this class are available in the context **sample-fetches** and **actions**. .. js:attribute:: TXN.c This attribute contains a Converters class object. .. js:attribute:: TXN.sc This attribute contains a Converters class object. The functions of this object returns always a string. .. js:attribute:: TXN.f This attribute contains a Fetches class object. .. js:attribute:: TXN.sf This attribute contains a Fetches class object. The functions of this object returns always a string. .. js:attribute:: TXN.req This attribute contains a channel class object for the request buffer. .. js:attribute:: TXN.res This attribute contains a channel class object for the response buffer. .. js:attribute:: TXN.http This attribute contains an HTTP class object. It is avalaible only if the proxy has the "mode http" enabled. .. js:function:: TXN.log(TXN, loglevel, msg) This function sends a log. The log is sent, according with the HAProxy configuration file, on the default syslog server if it is configured and on the stderr if it is allowed. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param integer loglevel: Is the log level asociated with the message. It is a number between 0 and 7. :param string msg: The log content. :see: core.emerg, core.alert, core.crit, core.err, core.warning, core.notice, core.info, core.debug (log level definitions) :see: TXN.deflog :see: TXN.Debug :see: TXN.Info :see: TXN.Warning :see: TXN.Alert .. js:function:: TXN.deflog(TXN, msg) Sends a log line with the default loglevel for the proxy ssociated with the transaction. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param string msg: The log content. :see: TXN.log .. js:function:: TXN.Debug(txn, msg) :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param string msg: The log content. :see: TXN.log Does the same job than: .. code-block:: lua function Debug(txn, msg) TXN.log(txn, core.debug, msg) end .. .. js:function:: TXN.Info(txn, msg) :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param string msg: The log content. :see: TXN.log .. code-block:: lua function Debug(txn, msg) TXN.log(txn, core.info, msg) end .. .. js:function:: TXN.Warning(txn, msg) :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param string msg: The log content. :see: TXN.log .. code-block:: lua function Debug(txn, msg) TXN.log(txn, core.warning, msg) end .. .. js:function:: TXN.Alert(txn, msg) :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param string msg: The log content. :see: TXN.log .. code-block:: lua function Debug(txn, msg) TXN.log(txn, core.alert, msg) end .. .. js:function:: TXN.get_priv(txn) Return Lua data stored in the current transaction (with the `TXN.set_priv()`) function. If no data are stored, it returns a nil value. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :returns: the opaque data previsously stored, or nil if nothing is avalaible. .. js:function:: TXN.set_priv(txn, data) Store any data in the current HAProxy transaction. This action replace the old stored data. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param opaque data: The data which is stored in the transaction. .. js:function:: TXN.set_var(TXN, var, value) Converts an Lua type in a HAProxy type and store it in a variable . :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param string var: The variable name according with the HAProxy variable syntax. :param opaque value: The data which is stored in the variable. .. js:function:: TXN.get_var(TXN, var) Returns data stored in the variable converter in Lua type. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param string var: The variable name according with the HAProxy variable syntax. .. js:function:: TXN.get_headers(txn) This function returns an array of headers. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :returns: an array of headers. .. js:function:: TXN.close(txn) This function close the transaction and the associated session. It can be used when a critical error is detected. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. .. js:function:: TXN.set_loglevel(txn, loglevel) Is used to change the log level of the current request. The "loglevel" must be an integer between 0 and 7. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param integer loglevel: The required log level. This variable can be one of :see: core. .. js:function:: TXN.set_tos(txn, tos) Is used to set the TOS or DSCP field value of packets sent to the client to the value passed in "tos" on platforms which support this. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param integer tos: The new TOS os DSCP. .. js:function:: TXN.set_mark(txn, mark) Is used to set the Netfilter MARK on all packets sent to the client to the value passed in "mark" on platforms which support it. :param class_txn txn: The class txn object containing the data. :param integer mark: The mark value. Socket class ============ .. js:class:: Socket This class must be compatible with the Lua Socket class. Only the 'client' functions are available. See the Lua Socket documentation: `http://w3.impa.br/~diego/software/luasocket/tcp.html `_ .. js:function:: Socket.close(socket) Closes a TCP object. The internal socket used by the object is closed and the local address to which the object was bound is made available to other applications. No further operations (except for further calls to the close method) are allowed on a closed Socket. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. Note: It is important to close all used sockets once they are not needed, since, in many systems, each socket uses a file descriptor, which are limited system resources. Garbage-collected objects are automatically closed before destruction, though. .. js:function:: Socket.connect(socket, address, port) Attempts to connect a socket object to a remote host. Address can be an IP address or a host name. Port must be an integer number in the range [1..64K). In case of error, the method returns nil followed by a string describing the error. In case of success, the method returns 1. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. :returns: 1 or nil. Note: The function Socket.connect is available and is a shortcut for the creation of client sockets. Note: Starting with LuaSocket 2.0, the settimeout method affects the behavior of connect, causing it to return with an error in case of a timeout. If that happens, you can still call Socket.select with the socket in the sendt table. The socket will be writable when the connection is established. .. js:function:: Socket.connect_ssl(socket, address, port) Same behavior than the function socket:connect, but uses SSL. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. :returns: 1 or nil. .. js:function:: Socket.getpeername(socket) Returns information about the remote side of a connected client object. Returns a string with the IP address of the peer, followed by the port number that peer is using for the connection. In case of error, the method returns nil. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. :returns: a string containing the server information. .. js:function:: Socket.getsockname(socket) Returns the local address information associated to the object. The method returns a string with local IP address and a number with the port. In case of error, the method returns nil. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. :returns: a string containing the client information. .. js:function:: Socket.receive(socket, [pattern [, prefix]]) Reads data from a client object, according to the specified read pattern. Patterns follow the Lua file I/O format, and the difference in performance between all patterns is negligible. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. :param string|integer pattern: Describe what is required (see below). :param string prefix: A string which will be prefix the returned data. :returns: a string containing the required data or nil. Pattern can be any of the following: * **`*a`**: reads from the socket until the connection is closed. No end-of-line translation is performed; * **`*l`**: reads a line of text from the Socket. The line is terminated by a LF character (ASCII 10), optionally preceded by a CR character (ASCII 13). The CR and LF characters are not included in the returned line. In fact, all CR characters are ignored by the pattern. This is the default pattern. * **number**: causes the method to read a specified number of bytes from the Socket. Prefix is an optional string to be concatenated to the beginning of any received data before return. If successful, the method returns the received pattern. In case of error, the method returns nil followed by an error message which can be the string 'closed' in case the connection was closed before the transmission was completed or the string 'timeout' in case there was a timeout during the operation. Also, after the error message, the function returns the partial result of the transmission. Important note: This function was changed severely. It used to support multiple patterns (but I have never seen this feature used) and now it doesn't anymore. Partial results used to be returned in the same way as successful results. This last feature violated the idea that all functions should return nil on error. Thus it was changed too. .. js:function:: Socket.send(socket, data [, start [, end ]]) Sends data through client object. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. :param string data: The data that will be sent. :param integer start: The start position in the buffer of the data which will be sent. :param integer end: The end position in the buffer of the data which will be sent. :returns: see below. Data is the string to be sent. The optional arguments i and j work exactly like the standard string.sub Lua function to allow the selection of a substring to be sent. If successful, the method returns the index of the last byte within [start, end] that has been sent. Notice that, if start is 1 or absent, this is effectively the total number of bytes sent. In case of error, the method returns nil, followed by an error message, followed by the index of the last byte within [start, end] that has been sent. You might want to try again from the byte following that. The error message can be 'closed' in case the connection was closed before the transmission was completed or the string 'timeout' in case there was a timeout during the operation. Note: Output is not buffered. For small strings, it is always better to concatenate them in Lua (with the '..' operator) and send the result in one call instead of calling the method several times. .. js:function:: Socket.setoption(socket, option [, value]) Just implemented for compatibility, this cal does nothing. .. js:function:: Socket.settimeout(socket, value [, mode]) Changes the timeout values for the object. All I/O operations are blocking. That is, any call to the methods send, receive, and accept will block indefinitely, until the operation completes. The settimeout method defines a limit on the amount of time the I/O methods can block. When a timeout time has elapsed, the affected methods give up and fail with an error code. The amount of time to wait is specified as the value parameter, in seconds. The timeout modes are bot implemented, the only settable timeout is the inactivity time waiting for complete the internal buffer send or waiting for receive data. :param class_socket socket: Is the manipulated Socket. :param integer value: The timeout value. Map class ========= .. js:class:: Map This class permits to do some lookup in HAProxy maps. The declared maps can be modified during the runtime throught the HAProxy management socket. .. code-block:: lua default = "usa" -- Create and load map geo = Map.new("geo.map", Map.ip); -- Create new fetch that returns the user country core.register_fetches("country", function(txn) local src; local loc; src = txn.f:fhdr("x-forwarded-for"); if (src == nil) then src = txn.f:src() if (src == nil) then return default; end end -- Perform lookup loc = geo:lookup(src); if (loc == nil) then return default; end return loc; end); .. js:attribute:: Map.int See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.ip See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.str See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.beg See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.sub See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.dir See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.dom See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.end See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:attribute:: Map.reg See the HAProxy configuration.txt file, chapter "Using ACLs and fetching samples" ans subchapter "ACL basics" to understand this pattern matching method. .. js:function:: Map.new(file, method) Creates and load a map. :param string file: Is the file containing the map. :param integer method: Is the map pattern matching method. See the attributes of the Map class. :returns: a class Map object. :see: The Map attributes. .. js:function:: Map.lookup(map, str) Perform a lookup in a map. :param class_map map: Is the class Map object. :param string str: Is the string used as key. :returns: a string containing the result or nil if no match. .. js:function:: Map.slookup(map, str) Perform a lookup in a map. :param class_map map: Is the class Map object. :param string str: Is the string used as key. :returns: a string containing the result or empty string if no match. External Lua libraries ====================== A lot of useful lua libraries can be found here: * `https://lua-toolbox.com/ `_ Redis acces: * `https://github.com/nrk/redis-lua `_ This is an example about the usage of the Redis library with HAProxy. Note that each call of any function of this library can throw an error if the socket connection fails. .. code-block:: lua -- load the redis library local redis = require("redis"); function do_something(txn) -- create and connect new tcp socket local tcp = core.tcp(); tcp:settimeout(1); tcp:connect("127.0.0.1", 6379); -- use the redis library with this new socket local client = redis.connect({socket=tcp}); client:ping(); end OpenSSL: * `http://mkottman.github.io/luacrypto/index.html `_ * `https://github.com/brunoos/luasec/wiki `_