diff --git a/libavformat/iamfdec.c b/libavformat/iamfdec.c
index e34d13e74c..ce6d4aa064 100644
--- a/libavformat/iamfdec.c
+++ b/libavformat/iamfdec.c
@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@ static int iamf_read_header(AVFormatContext *s)
         }
     }
 
+    if (!s->nb_streams)
+        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
+
     return 0;
 }