diff --git a/libavcodec/smc.c b/libavcodec/smc.c
index 3b836e7c7a..31e6c885bf 100644
--- a/libavcodec/smc.c
+++ b/libavcodec/smc.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 typedef struct SmcContext {
 
     AVCodecContext *avctx;
-    AVFrame frame;
+    AVFrame *frame;
 
     GetByteContext gb;
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ static void smc_decode_stream(SmcContext *s)
 {
     int width = s->avctx->width;
     int height = s->avctx->height;
-    int stride = s->frame.linesize[0];
+    int stride = s->frame->linesize[0];
     int i;
     int chunk_size;
     int buf_size = bytestream2_size(&s->gb);
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ static void smc_decode_stream(SmcContext *s)
     unsigned int color_flags_b;
     unsigned int flag_mask;
 
-    unsigned char *pixels = s->frame.data[0];
+    unsigned char *pixels = s->frame->data[0];
 
-    int image_size = height * s->frame.linesize[0];
+    int image_size = height * s->frame->linesize[0];
     int row_ptr = 0;
     int pixel_ptr = 0;
     int pixel_x, pixel_y;
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ static void smc_decode_stream(SmcContext *s)
     int color_octet_index = 0;
 
     /* make the palette available */
-    memcpy(s->frame.data[1], s->pal, AVPALETTE_SIZE);
+    memcpy(s->frame->data[1], s->pal, AVPALETTE_SIZE);
 
     bytestream2_skip(&s->gb, 1);
     chunk_size = bytestream2_get_be24(&s->gb);
@@ -417,7 +417,9 @@ static av_cold int smc_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
     s->avctx = avctx;
     avctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_PAL8;
 
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&s->frame);
+    s->frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!s->frame)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -434,18 +436,18 @@ static int smc_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
 
     bytestream2_init(&s->gb, buf, buf_size);
 
-    if ((ret = ff_reget_buffer(avctx, &s->frame)) < 0)
+    if ((ret = ff_reget_buffer(avctx, s->frame)) < 0)
         return ret;
 
     if (pal) {
-        s->frame.palette_has_changed = 1;
+        s->frame->palette_has_changed = 1;
         memcpy(s->pal, pal, AVPALETTE_SIZE);
     }
 
     smc_decode_stream(s);
 
     *got_frame      = 1;
-    if ((ret = av_frame_ref(data, &s->frame)) < 0)
+    if ((ret = av_frame_ref(data, s->frame)) < 0)
         return ret;
 
     /* always report that the buffer was completely consumed */
@@ -456,7 +458,7 @@ static av_cold int smc_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 {
     SmcContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
 
-    av_frame_unref(&s->frame);
+    av_frame_free(&s->frame);
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/libavcodec/tiertexseqv.c b/libavcodec/tiertexseqv.c
index 0da9afdaa3..7c62208dc5 100644
--- a/libavcodec/tiertexseqv.c
+++ b/libavcodec/tiertexseqv.c
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 
 typedef struct SeqVideoContext {
     AVCodecContext *avctx;
-    AVFrame frame;
+    AVFrame *frame;
 } SeqVideoContext;
 
 
@@ -93,14 +93,14 @@ static const unsigned char *seq_decode_op1(SeqVideoContext *seq,
             src = seq_unpack_rle_block(src, src_end, block, sizeof(block));
             for (b = 0; b < 8; b++) {
                 memcpy(dst, &block[b * 8], 8);
-                dst += seq->frame.linesize[0];
+                dst += seq->frame->linesize[0];
             }
             break;
         case 2:
             src = seq_unpack_rle_block(src, src_end, block, sizeof(block));
             for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                 for (b = 0; b < 8; b++)
-                    dst[b * seq->frame.linesize[0]] = block[i * 8 + b];
+                    dst[b * seq->frame->linesize[0]] = block[i * 8 + b];
                 ++dst;
             }
             break;
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ static const unsigned char *seq_decode_op1(SeqVideoContext *seq,
         for (b = 0; b < 8; b++) {
             for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
                 dst[i] = color_table[get_bits(&gb, bits)];
-            dst += seq->frame.linesize[0];
+            dst += seq->frame->linesize[0];
         }
     }
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static const unsigned char *seq_decode_op2(SeqVideoContext *seq,
     for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
         memcpy(dst, src, 8);
         src += 8;
-        dst += seq->frame.linesize[0];
+        dst += seq->frame->linesize[0];
     }
 
     return src;
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ static const unsigned char *seq_decode_op3(SeqVideoContext *seq,
         if (src_end - src < 2)
             return NULL;
         pos = *src++;
-        offset = ((pos >> 3) & 7) * seq->frame.linesize[0] + (pos & 7);
+        offset = ((pos >> 3) & 7) * seq->frame->linesize[0] + (pos & 7);
         dst[offset] = *src++;
     } while (!(pos & 0x80));
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ static int seqvideo_decode(SeqVideoContext *seq, const unsigned char *data, int
     flags = *data++;
 
     if (flags & 1) {
-        palette = (uint32_t *)seq->frame.data[1];
+        palette = (uint32_t *)seq->frame->data[1];
         if (data_end - data < 256 * 3)
             return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
         for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ static int seqvideo_decode(SeqVideoContext *seq, const unsigned char *data, int
                 c[j] = (*data << 2) | (*data >> 4);
             palette[i] = 0xFFU << 24 | AV_RB24(c);
         }
-        seq->frame.palette_has_changed = 1;
+        seq->frame->palette_has_changed = 1;
     }
 
     if (flags & 2) {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ static int seqvideo_decode(SeqVideoContext *seq, const unsigned char *data, int
         init_get_bits(&gb, data, 128 * 8); data += 128;
         for (y = 0; y < 128; y += 8)
             for (x = 0; x < 256; x += 8) {
-                dst = &seq->frame.data[0][y * seq->frame.linesize[0] + x];
+                dst = &seq->frame->data[0][y * seq->frame->linesize[0] + x];
                 op = get_bits(&gb, 2);
                 switch (op) {
                 case 1:
@@ -217,7 +217,9 @@ static av_cold int seqvideo_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
     seq->avctx = avctx;
     avctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_PAL8;
 
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&seq->frame);
+    seq->frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!seq->frame)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -232,13 +234,13 @@ static int seqvideo_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
 
     SeqVideoContext *seq = avctx->priv_data;
 
-    if ((ret = ff_reget_buffer(avctx, &seq->frame)) < 0)
+    if ((ret = ff_reget_buffer(avctx, seq->frame)) < 0)
         return ret;
 
     if (seqvideo_decode(seq, buf, buf_size))
         return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
 
-    if ((ret = av_frame_ref(data, &seq->frame)) < 0)
+    if ((ret = av_frame_ref(data, seq->frame)) < 0)
         return ret;
     *got_frame       = 1;
 
@@ -249,7 +251,7 @@ static av_cold int seqvideo_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 {
     SeqVideoContext *seq = avctx->priv_data;
 
-    av_frame_unref(&seq->frame);
+    av_frame_free(&seq->frame);
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/libavcodec/truemotion1.c b/libavcodec/truemotion1.c
index b1de99b7ea..6e7d305aa4 100644
--- a/libavcodec/truemotion1.c
+++ b/libavcodec/truemotion1.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 
 typedef struct TrueMotion1Context {
     AVCodecContext *avctx;
-    AVFrame frame;
+    AVFrame *frame;
 
     const uint8_t *buf;
     int size;
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ static int truemotion1_decode_header(TrueMotion1Context *s)
 
     if (s->w != s->avctx->width || s->h != s->avctx->height ||
         new_pix_fmt != s->avctx->pix_fmt) {
-        av_frame_unref(&s->frame);
+        av_frame_unref(s->frame);
         s->avctx->sample_aspect_ratio = (AVRational){ 1 << width_shift, 1 };
         s->avctx->pix_fmt = new_pix_fmt;
 
@@ -471,7 +471,9 @@ static av_cold int truemotion1_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 //    else
 //        avctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555;
 
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&s->frame);
+    s->frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!s->frame)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
 
     /* there is a vertical predictor for each pixel in a line; each vertical
      * predictor is 0 to start with */
@@ -614,7 +616,7 @@ static void truemotion1_decode_16bit(TrueMotion1Context *s)
     unsigned int horiz_pred;
     unsigned int *vert_pred;
     unsigned int *current_pixel_pair;
-    unsigned char *current_line = s->frame.data[0];
+    unsigned char *current_line = s->frame->data[0];
     int keyframe = s->flags & FLAG_KEYFRAME;
 
     /* these variables are for managing the stream of macroblock change bits */
@@ -728,7 +730,7 @@ static void truemotion1_decode_16bit(TrueMotion1Context *s)
         if (((y + 1) & 3) == 0)
             mb_change_bits += s->mb_change_bits_row_size;
 
-        current_line += s->frame.linesize[0];
+        current_line += s->frame->linesize[0];
     }
 }
 
@@ -740,7 +742,7 @@ static void truemotion1_decode_24bit(TrueMotion1Context *s)
     unsigned int horiz_pred;
     unsigned int *vert_pred;
     unsigned int *current_pixel_pair;
-    unsigned char *current_line = s->frame.data[0];
+    unsigned char *current_line = s->frame->data[0];
     int keyframe = s->flags & FLAG_KEYFRAME;
 
     /* these variables are for managing the stream of macroblock change bits */
@@ -854,7 +856,7 @@ static void truemotion1_decode_24bit(TrueMotion1Context *s)
         if (((y + 1) & 3) == 0)
             mb_change_bits += s->mb_change_bits_row_size;
 
-        current_line += s->frame.linesize[0];
+        current_line += s->frame->linesize[0];
     }
 }
 
@@ -873,7 +875,7 @@ static int truemotion1_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
     if ((ret = truemotion1_decode_header(s)) < 0)
         return ret;
 
-    if ((ret = ff_reget_buffer(avctx, &s->frame)) < 0)
+    if ((ret = ff_reget_buffer(avctx, s->frame)) < 0)
         return ret;
 
     if (compression_types[s->compression].algorithm == ALGO_RGB24H) {
@@ -882,7 +884,7 @@ static int truemotion1_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
         truemotion1_decode_16bit(s);
     }
 
-    if ((ret = av_frame_ref(data, &s->frame)) < 0)
+    if ((ret = av_frame_ref(data, s->frame)) < 0)
         return ret;
 
     *got_frame      = 1;
@@ -895,7 +897,7 @@ static av_cold int truemotion1_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 {
     TrueMotion1Context *s = avctx->priv_data;
 
-    av_frame_unref(&s->frame);
+    av_frame_free(&s->frame);
     av_freep(&s->vert_pred);
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/libavcodec/truemotion2.c b/libavcodec/truemotion2.c
index 42badcbf8e..a1683f5b1a 100644
--- a/libavcodec/truemotion2.c
+++ b/libavcodec/truemotion2.c
@@ -931,6 +931,7 @@ static av_cold int decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 
     l->avctx       = avctx;
     avctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24;
+
     l->pic = av_frame_alloc();
     if (!l->pic)
         return AVERROR(ENOMEM);