diff --git a/libavcodec/h264_picture.c b/libavcodec/h264_picture.c
index ff30166b4d..5944798394 100644
--- a/libavcodec/h264_picture.c
+++ b/libavcodec/h264_picture.c
@@ -43,13 +43,14 @@
 
 void ff_h264_unref_picture(H264Context *h, H264Picture *pic)
 {
-    int off = offsetof(H264Picture, tf) + sizeof(pic->tf);
+    int off = offsetof(H264Picture, tf_grain) + sizeof(pic->tf_grain);
     int i;
 
     if (!pic->f || !pic->f->buf[0])
         return;
 
     ff_thread_release_buffer(h->avctx, &pic->tf);
+    ff_thread_release_buffer(h->avctx, &pic->tf_grain);
     av_buffer_unref(&pic->hwaccel_priv_buf);
 
     av_buffer_unref(&pic->qscale_table_buf);
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ static void h264_copy_picture_params(H264Picture *dst, const H264Picture *src)
     dst->mb_width      = src->mb_width;
     dst->mb_height     = src->mb_height;
     dst->mb_stride     = src->mb_stride;
+    dst->needs_fg      = src->needs_fg;
 }
 
 int ff_h264_ref_picture(H264Context *h, H264Picture *dst, H264Picture *src)
@@ -108,6 +110,14 @@ int ff_h264_ref_picture(H264Context *h, H264Picture *dst, H264Picture *src)
     if (ret < 0)
         goto fail;
 
+    if (src->needs_fg) {
+        av_assert0(src->tf_grain.f == src->f_grain);
+        dst->tf_grain.f = dst->f_grain;
+        ret = ff_thread_ref_frame(&dst->tf_grain, &src->tf_grain);
+        if (ret < 0)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
     dst->qscale_table_buf = av_buffer_ref(src->qscale_table_buf);
     dst->mb_type_buf      = av_buffer_ref(src->mb_type_buf);
     dst->pps_buf          = av_buffer_ref(src->pps_buf);
@@ -159,6 +169,15 @@ int ff_h264_replace_picture(H264Context *h, H264Picture *dst, const H264Picture
     if (ret < 0)
         goto fail;
 
+    if (src->needs_fg) {
+        av_assert0(src->tf_grain.f == src->f_grain);
+        dst->tf_grain.f = dst->f_grain;
+        ff_thread_release_buffer(h->avctx, &dst->tf_grain);
+        ret = ff_thread_ref_frame(&dst->tf_grain, &src->tf_grain);
+        if (ret < 0)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
     ret  = av_buffer_replace(&dst->qscale_table_buf, src->qscale_table_buf);
     ret |= av_buffer_replace(&dst->mb_type_buf, src->mb_type_buf);
     ret |= av_buffer_replace(&dst->pps_buf, src->pps_buf);
@@ -212,6 +231,7 @@ void ff_h264_set_erpic(ERPicture *dst, H264Picture *src)
 int ff_h264_field_end(H264Context *h, H264SliceContext *sl, int in_setup)
 {
     AVCodecContext *const avctx = h->avctx;
+    H264Picture *cur = h->cur_pic_ptr;
     int err = 0;
     h->mb_y = 0;
 
@@ -230,10 +250,21 @@ int ff_h264_field_end(H264Context *h, H264SliceContext *sl, int in_setup)
         if (err < 0)
             av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                    "hardware accelerator failed to decode picture\n");
+    } else if (!in_setup && cur->needs_fg) {
+        AVFrameSideData *sd = av_frame_get_side_data(cur->f, AV_FRAME_DATA_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS);
+        av_assert0(sd); // always present if `cur->needs_fg`
+        err = ff_h274_apply_film_grain(cur->f_grain, cur->f, &h->h274db,
+                                       (AVFilmGrainParams *) sd->data);
+        if (err < 0) {
+            av_log(h->avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Failed synthesizing film "
+                   "grain, ignoring: %s\n", av_err2str(err));
+            cur->needs_fg = 0;
+            err = 0;
+        }
     }
 
     if (!in_setup && !h->droppable)
-        ff_thread_report_progress(&h->cur_pic_ptr->tf, INT_MAX,
+        ff_thread_report_progress(&cur->tf, INT_MAX,
                                   h->picture_structure == PICT_BOTTOM_FIELD);
     emms_c();
 
diff --git a/libavcodec/h264_slice.c b/libavcodec/h264_slice.c
index 9244d2d5dd..98ca8836db 100644
--- a/libavcodec/h264_slice.c
+++ b/libavcodec/h264_slice.c
@@ -197,6 +197,16 @@ static int alloc_picture(H264Context *h, H264Picture *pic)
     if (ret < 0)
         goto fail;
 
+    if (pic->needs_fg) {
+        pic->tf_grain.f = pic->f_grain;
+        pic->f_grain->format = pic->f->format;
+        pic->f_grain->width = pic->f->width;
+        pic->f_grain->height = pic->f->height;
+        ret = ff_thread_get_buffer(h->avctx, &pic->tf_grain, 0);
+        if (ret < 0)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
     if (h->avctx->hwaccel) {
         const AVHWAccel *hwaccel = h->avctx->hwaccel;
         av_assert0(!pic->hwaccel_picture_private);
@@ -517,6 +527,9 @@ static int h264_frame_start(H264Context *h)
     pic->f->crop_top    = h->crop_top;
     pic->f->crop_bottom = h->crop_bottom;
 
+    pic->needs_fg = h->sei.film_grain_characteristics.present &&
+        !(h->avctx->export_side_data & AV_CODEC_EXPORT_DATA_FILM_GRAIN);
+
     if ((ret = alloc_picture(h, pic)) < 0)
         return ret;
 
@@ -1328,8 +1341,7 @@ static int h264_export_frame_props(H264Context *h)
     }
     h->sei.unregistered.nb_buf_ref = 0;
 
-    if (h->sei.film_grain_characteristics.present &&
-        (h->avctx->export_side_data & AV_CODEC_EXPORT_DATA_FILM_GRAIN)) {
+    if (h->sei.film_grain_characteristics.present) {
         H264SEIFilmGrainCharacteristics *fgc = &h->sei.film_grain_characteristics;
         AVFilmGrainParams *fgp = av_film_grain_params_create_side_data(out);
         if (!fgp)
diff --git a/libavcodec/h264dec.c b/libavcodec/h264dec.c
index f46d29baa6..5e5b1c1d69 100644
--- a/libavcodec/h264dec.c
+++ b/libavcodec/h264dec.c
@@ -275,9 +275,22 @@ int ff_h264_slice_context_init(H264Context *h, H264SliceContext *sl)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int h264_init_pic(H264Picture *pic)
+{
+    pic->f = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!pic->f)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    pic->f_grain = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!pic->f_grain)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int h264_init_context(AVCodecContext *avctx, H264Context *h)
 {
-    int i;
+    int i, ret;
 
     h->avctx                 = avctx;
     h->cur_chroma_format_idc = -1;
@@ -308,18 +321,15 @@ static int h264_init_context(AVCodecContext *avctx, H264Context *h)
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < H264_MAX_PICTURE_COUNT; i++) {
-        h->DPB[i].f = av_frame_alloc();
-        if (!h->DPB[i].f)
-            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+        if ((ret = h264_init_pic(&h->DPB[i])) < 0)
+            return ret;
     }
 
-    h->cur_pic.f = av_frame_alloc();
-    if (!h->cur_pic.f)
-        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+    if ((ret = h264_init_pic(&h->cur_pic)) < 0)
+        return ret;
 
-    h->last_pic_for_ec.f = av_frame_alloc();
-    if (!h->last_pic_for_ec.f)
-        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+    if ((ret = h264_init_pic(&h->last_pic_for_ec)) < 0)
+        return ret;
 
     for (i = 0; i < h->nb_slice_ctx; i++)
         h->slice_ctx[i].h264 = h;
@@ -327,6 +337,13 @@ static int h264_init_context(AVCodecContext *avctx, H264Context *h)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void h264_free_pic(H264Context *h, H264Picture *pic)
+{
+    ff_h264_unref_picture(h, pic);
+    av_frame_free(&pic->f);
+    av_frame_free(&pic->f_grain);
+}
+
 static av_cold int h264_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 {
     H264Context *h = avctx->priv_data;
@@ -336,8 +353,7 @@ static av_cold int h264_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
     ff_h264_free_tables(h);
 
     for (i = 0; i < H264_MAX_PICTURE_COUNT; i++) {
-        ff_h264_unref_picture(h, &h->DPB[i]);
-        av_frame_free(&h->DPB[i].f);
+        h264_free_pic(h, &h->DPB[i]);
     }
     memset(h->delayed_pic, 0, sizeof(h->delayed_pic));
 
@@ -351,10 +367,8 @@ static av_cold int h264_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 
     ff_h2645_packet_uninit(&h->pkt);
 
-    ff_h264_unref_picture(h, &h->cur_pic);
-    av_frame_free(&h->cur_pic.f);
-    ff_h264_unref_picture(h, &h->last_pic_for_ec);
-    av_frame_free(&h->last_pic_for_ec.f);
+    h264_free_pic(h, &h->cur_pic);
+    h264_free_pic(h, &h->last_pic_for_ec);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -837,13 +851,15 @@ static int h264_export_enc_params(AVFrame *f, H264Picture *p)
 
 static int output_frame(H264Context *h, AVFrame *dst, H264Picture *srcp)
 {
-    AVFrame *src = srcp->f;
     int ret;
 
-    ret = av_frame_ref(dst, src);
+    ret = av_frame_ref(dst, srcp->needs_fg ? srcp->f_grain : srcp->f);
     if (ret < 0)
         return ret;
 
+    if (srcp->needs_fg && (ret = av_frame_copy_props(dst, srcp->f)) < 0)
+        return ret;
+
     av_dict_set(&dst->metadata, "stereo_mode", ff_h264_sei_stereo_mode(&h->sei.frame_packing), 0);
 
     if (srcp->sei_recovery_frame_cnt == 0)
@@ -855,6 +871,9 @@ static int output_frame(H264Context *h, AVFrame *dst, H264Picture *srcp)
             goto fail;
     }
 
+    if (!(h->avctx->export_side_data & AV_CODEC_EXPORT_DATA_FILM_GRAIN))
+        av_frame_remove_side_data(dst, AV_FRAME_DATA_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS);
+
     return 0;
 fail:
     av_frame_unref(dst);
diff --git a/libavcodec/h264dec.h b/libavcodec/h264dec.h
index 7c419de051..87c4e4e539 100644
--- a/libavcodec/h264dec.h
+++ b/libavcodec/h264dec.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "h264dsp.h"
 #include "h264pred.h"
 #include "h264qpel.h"
+#include "h274.h"
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "mpegutils.h"
 #include "parser.h"
@@ -130,6 +131,9 @@ typedef struct H264Picture {
     AVFrame *f;
     ThreadFrame tf;
 
+    AVFrame *f_grain;
+    ThreadFrame tf_grain;
+
     AVBufferRef *qscale_table_buf;
     int8_t *qscale_table;
 
@@ -162,6 +166,7 @@ typedef struct H264Picture {
     int recovered;          ///< picture at IDR or recovery point + recovery count
     int invalid_gap;
     int sei_recovery_frame_cnt;
+    int needs_fg;           ///< whether picture needs film grain synthesis (see `f_grain`)
 
     AVBufferRef *pps_buf;
     const PPS   *pps;
@@ -349,6 +354,7 @@ typedef struct H264Context {
     H264DSPContext h264dsp;
     H264ChromaContext h264chroma;
     H264QpelContext h264qpel;
+    H274FilmGrainDatabase h274db;
 
     H264Picture DPB[H264_MAX_PICTURE_COUNT];
     H264Picture *cur_pic_ptr;