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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
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<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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name = "cvd2img"
author = "Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>"
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# cvd2img
A tool to transform Android Cuttlefish images into raw disk images that can be
used with QEMU (and other VMMs).
## Building
### Dependencies
- **parted** headers and libraries (libparted-dev in Debian, parted-devel in Fedora)
- **clang** headers and libraries (libclang-dev in Debian, clang-devel in Fedora)
- The Rust Toolchain
### Generating the executable
With all dependencies in place, it should be as simple as running `cargo build`.
The resulting binary will be in `./target/debug/cvd2img`.
## Using
### Preparing the Cuttlefish Directory
1. Download a cuttlefish image from
[http://ci.android.com/](http://ci.android.com/). If you don't exactly what to
download, read [this guide](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/create/cuttlefish-use).
2. Create a directory and unpack for the cuttlefish images and the CVD tools.
``` sh
mkdir cuttlefish
cd cuttlefish
unzip ~/Downloads/aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-img*.zip
tar xf ~/Downloads/cvd-host_package.tar.gz
```
### Generating the raw disk images
Go back to the cvd2img build directory and execute it pointing to the directory
containing the cuttlefish images expanded above:
``` sh
./target/debug/cvd2img ~/cuttlefish
```
### More options
``` sh
./target/debug/cvd2img --help
Usage: cvd2img [OPTIONS] <CVD_DIR>
Arguments:
<CVD_DIR> Directory containing the Android Cuttlefish images
Options:
-a, --arch <ARCH> Architecture of the source images [possible values: x86-64, aarch64]
-s, --system <FILE> Output file for the system disk image
-p, --props <FILE> Output file for the properties disk image
-h, --help Print help
-V, --version Print version
```

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use std::{
collections::HashMap,
fs::{File, OpenOptions},
io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write},
process::Command,
};
use clap::ValueEnum;
const SPARSE_MAGIC: [u8; 4] = [0x3A, 0xFF, 0x26, 0xED];
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, ValueEnum)]
pub enum Arch {
X86_64,
Aarch64,
}
fn call_simg2img(
cvd_dir: &str,
envs: &HashMap<String, String>,
image: &str,
) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
let src = format!("{cvd_dir}/{image}");
let tmp = format!("{cvd_dir}/{image}.tmp");
let args = vec![src.clone(), tmp.clone()];
match Command::new(format!("{cvd_dir}/bin/simg2img"))
.args(&args)
.envs(envs)
.stderr(std::process::Stdio::inherit())
.output()
{
Ok(output) => output,
Err(err) => {
if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
println!("Can't find simg2img in {cvd_dir}");
} else {
println!("Error executing simg2img: {}", err);
}
std::process::exit(-1);
}
};
std::fs::rename(tmp, src)
}
fn is_sparse(cvd_dir: &str, image: &str) -> Result<bool, std::io::Error> {
let mut f = File::open(format!("{cvd_dir}/{image}"))?;
let mut buf: [u8; 4] = [0; 4];
f.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
if buf == SPARSE_MAGIC {
Ok(true)
} else {
Ok(false)
}
}
pub fn transform_sparse_images(
cvd_dir: &str,
envs: &HashMap<String, String>,
) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
let images = vec!["super.img", "userdata.img"];
for img in images {
if is_sparse(cvd_dir, img)? {
call_simg2img(cvd_dir, envs, img)?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn create_uboot(
cvd_dir: &str,
tmp_dir: &str,
envs: &HashMap<String, String>,
) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
let uboot_env_path = format!("{tmp_dir}/uboot_env.img");
let uboot_env_input_data = b"uenvcmd=setenv bootargs \"$cbootargs console=hvc0 earlycon=pl011,mmio32,0x9000000 \" && run bootcmd_android";
let uboot_env_input_path = format!("{tmp_dir}/uboot_env_input");
let args = vec![
"-output_path".to_string(),
uboot_env_path.clone(),
"-input_path".to_string(),
uboot_env_input_path.clone(),
];
let mut f = File::create(&uboot_env_input_path)?;
f.write_all(uboot_env_input_data)?;
drop(f);
match Command::new(format!("{cvd_dir}/bin/mkenvimage_slim"))
.args(&args)
.envs(envs)
.stderr(std::process::Stdio::inherit())
.output()
{
Ok(output) => output,
Err(err) => {
if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
println!("Can't find mkenvimage_slim in {cvd_dir}");
} else {
println!("Error executing mkenvimage_slim: {}", err);
}
std::process::exit(-1);
}
};
let args = vec![
"add_hash_footer".to_string(),
"--image".to_string(),
uboot_env_path,
"--partition_size".to_string(),
"73728".to_string(),
"--partition_name".to_string(),
"uboot_env".to_string(),
"--key".to_string(),
format!("{cvd_dir}/etc/cvd_avb_testkey.pem"),
"--algorithm".to_string(),
"SHA256_RSA4096".to_string(),
];
match Command::new(format!("{cvd_dir}/bin/avbtool"))
.args(&args)
.envs(envs)
.stderr(std::process::Stdio::inherit())
.output()
{
Ok(output) => output,
Err(err) => {
if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
println!("Can't find avbtool in {cvd_dir}");
} else {
println!("Error executing avbtool: {}", err);
}
std::process::exit(-1);
}
};
Ok(())
}
pub fn create_vbmeta(
cvd_dir: &str,
tmp_dir: &str,
envs: &HashMap<String, String>,
) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
let vbmeta_path = format!("{tmp_dir}/vbmeta.img");
let args = vec![
"make_vbmeta_image".to_string(),
"--output".to_string(),
vbmeta_path.clone(),
"--chain_partition".to_string(),
format!("uboot_env:1:{cvd_dir}/etc/cvd.avbpubkey"),
"--chain_partition".to_string(),
format!("bootconfig:2:{cvd_dir}/etc/cvd.avbpubkey"),
"--key".to_string(),
format!("{cvd_dir}/etc/cvd_avb_testkey.pem"),
"--algorithm".to_string(),
"SHA256_RSA4096".to_string(),
];
match Command::new(format!("{cvd_dir}/bin/avbtool"))
.args(&args)
.envs(envs)
.stderr(std::process::Stdio::inherit())
.output()
{
Ok(output) => output,
Err(err) => {
if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
println!("Can't find avbtool in {cvd_dir}");
} else {
println!("Error executing avbtool: {}", err);
}
std::process::exit(-1);
}
};
let mut f = OpenOptions::new().write(true).open(vbmeta_path)?;
let metdata = f.metadata()?;
f.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?;
let buf = vec![0; (65535 - metdata.len() + 1).try_into().unwrap()];
f.write_all(&buf)?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn create_bootconfig(
cvd_dir: &str,
tmp_dir: &str,
envs: &HashMap<String, String>,
arch: &Arch,
) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
let props_x86_64_sw = b"androidboot.hypervisor.protected_vm.supported=0
androidboot.modem_simulator_ports=9600
androidboot.lcd_density=320
androidboot.vendor.audiocontrol.server.port=9410
androidboot.vendor.audiocontrol.server.cid=3
androidboot.cuttlefish_config_server_port=6800
androidboot.vendor.vehiclehal.server.port=9300
androidboot.vsock_touch_port=7100
androidboot.fstab_suffix=cf.f2fs.hctr2
androidboot.vsock_keyboard_port=7000
androidboot.enable_confirmationui=0
androidboot.hypervisor.vm.supported=1
androidboot.serialno=CUTTLEFISHCVD011
androidboot.setupwizard_mode=DISABLED
androidboot.cpuvulkan.version=4202496
androidboot.ddr_size=4915MB
androidboot.boot_devices=pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0,pci0000:00/0000:00:0e.0
androidboot.hardware.angle_feature_overrides_enabled=preferLinearFilterForYUV:mapUnspecifiedColorSpaceToPassThrough
androidboot.hardware.egl=angle
androidboot.enable_bootanimation=1
androidboot.hardware.gralloc=minigbm
androidboot.vendor.vehiclehal.server.cid=2
androidboot.hypervisor.version=cf-qemu_cli
androidboot.hardware.vulkan=pastel
androidboot.opengles.version=196609
androidboot.wifi_mac_prefix=5554
androidboot.vsock_tombstone_port=6600
androidboot.hardware.hwcomposer=ranchu
androidboot.serialconsole=0
";
let props_aarch64_sw = b"androidboot.hypervisor.protected_vm.supported=0
androidboot.modem_simulator_ports=9600
androidboot.lcd_density=320
androidboot.vendor.audiocontrol.server.port=9410
androidboot.vendor.audiocontrol.server.cid=3
androidboot.cuttlefish_config_server_port=6800
androidboot.vendor.vehiclehal.server.port=9300
androidboot.vsock_touch_port=7100
androidboot.fstab_suffix=cf.f2fs.hctr2
androidboot.vsock_keyboard_port=7000
androidboot.enable_confirmationui=0
androidboot.hypervisor.vm.supported=0
androidboot.serialno=CUTTLEFISHCVD011
androidboot.setupwizard_mode=DISABLED
androidboot.cpuvulkan.version=4202496
androidboot.ddr_size=4915MB
androidboot.boot_devices=4010000000.pcie
androidboot.hardware.angle_feature_overrides_enabled=preferLinearFilterForYUV:mapUnspecifiedColorSpaceToPassThrough
androidboot.hardware.egl=angle
androidboot.enable_bootanimation=1
androidboot.hardware.gralloc=minigbm
androidboot.vendor.vehiclehal.server.cid=2
androidboot.hardware.vulkan=pastel
androidboot.opengles.version=196609
androidboot.wifi_mac_prefix=5554
androidboot.vsock_tombstone_port=6600
androidboot.hardware.hwcomposer=ranchu
androidboot.serialconsole=0
";
let bootconfig_path = format!("{tmp_dir}/bootconfig");
let mut f = File::create(bootconfig_path.clone())?;
match arch {
Arch::Aarch64 => f.write_all(props_aarch64_sw)?,
Arch::X86_64 => f.write_all(props_x86_64_sw)?,
};
drop(f);
let args = vec![
"add_hash_footer".to_string(),
"--image".to_string(),
bootconfig_path,
"--partition_size".to_string(),
"73728".to_string(),
"--partition_name".to_string(),
"bootconfig".to_string(),
"--key".to_string(),
format!("{cvd_dir}/etc/cvd_avb_testkey.pem"),
"--algorithm".to_string(),
"SHA256_RSA4096".to_string(),
];
match Command::new(format!("{cvd_dir}/bin/avbtool"))
.args(&args)
.envs(envs)
.stderr(std::process::Stdio::inherit())
.output()
{
Ok(output) => output,
Err(err) => {
if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
println!("Can't find avbtool in {cvd_dir}");
} else {
println!("Error executing avbtool: {}", err);
}
std::process::exit(-1);
}
};
Ok(())
}

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use std::fs::File;
use std::io::{Read, Write};
use libparted::{Device, Disk, DiskType, FileSystemType, Partition, PartitionType};
fn best_block_size(size: u64) -> usize {
let mut bs = 1048576;
loop {
if size > bs && (size % bs) == 0 {
return bs.try_into().unwrap();
}
bs /= 2;
}
}
pub fn create_disk_image(
cvd_dir: &str,
components: &[(&str, &str)],
out_file: &str,
) -> std::io::Result<Vec<(String, String, u64)>> {
let mut parts: Vec<(String, String, u64)> = Vec::new();
let mut out = File::create(out_file)?;
let zeroes = vec![0; 20480];
// Space reserved for GPT header
out.write_all(&zeroes)?;
for (image, name) in components {
let size = if image.contains("blank") {
let elems: Vec<&str> = image.split(':').collect();
let size: u64 = (elems[1]).parse::<u64>().unwrap();
let bs = best_block_size(size);
let buf = vec![0u8; best_block_size(size)];
let mut written = 0;
loop {
out.write_all(&buf)?;
written += bs;
if written >= size.try_into().unwrap() {
break;
}
}
size
} else {
let mut src = File::open(format!("{cvd_dir}/{image}"))?;
let metadata = src.metadata()?;
let size = metadata.len();
println!("image: {image} len={size}");
let mut buf = vec![0u8; best_block_size(size)];
let mut written = 0;
loop {
let n = src.read(&mut buf)?;
out.write_all(&buf)?;
written += n;
if written >= size.try_into().unwrap() {
break;
}
}
size
};
parts.push((image.to_string(), name.to_string(), size));
}
// Space reserved for GPT footer
out.write_all(&zeroes)?;
Ok(parts)
}
pub fn create_partitions(
parts: Vec<(String, String, u64)>,
out_file: &str,
) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
let mut dev = Device::new(out_file)?;
let mut disk = Disk::new_fresh(&mut dev, DiskType::get("gpt").unwrap())?;
let constraint = disk.constraint_any().unwrap();
let mut start_sector = 40;
for p in parts {
let len: i64 = (((p.2 - 1) / 512) + 1).try_into().unwrap();
Partition::new(
&disk,
PartitionType::PED_PARTITION_NORMAL,
Some(&FileSystemType::get("ext2").unwrap()),
start_sector,
start_sector + len - 1,
)
.and_then(|mut part| {
part.set_name(&p.1).unwrap();
disk.add_partition(&mut part, &constraint)
})?;
start_sector += len;
}
disk.commit()
}

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use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::error;
use std::fmt;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::process::exit;
use clap::Parser;
use tempdir::TempDir;
mod disk;
use disk::{create_disk_image, create_partitions};
mod components;
use components::{create_bootconfig, create_uboot, create_vbmeta, transform_sparse_images, Arch};
const SYSTEM_COMPONENTS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
("blank:1048576", "misc"),
("boot.img", "boot_a"),
("boot.img", "boot_b"),
("init_boot.img", "init_boot_a"),
("init_boot.img", "init_boot_b"),
("vendor_boot.img", "vendor_boot_a"),
("vendor_boot.img", "vendor_boot_b"),
("vbmeta.img", "vbmeta_a"),
("vbmeta.img", "vbmeta_b"),
("vbmeta_system.img", "vbmeta_system_a"),
("vbmeta_system.img", "vbmeta_system_b"),
("vbmeta_vendor_dlkm.img", "vbmeta_vendor_dlkm_a"),
("vbmeta_vendor_dlkm.img", "vbmeta_vendor_dlkm_b"),
("vbmeta_system_dlkm.img", "vbmeta_system_dlkm_a"),
("vbmeta_system_dlkm.img", "vbmeta_system_dlkm_b"),
("super.img", "super"),
("userdata.img", "userdata"),
("blank:67108864", "metadata"),
];
const PROPERTIES_COMPONENTS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
("uboot_env.img", "uboot_env"),
("vbmeta.img", "vbmeta"),
("blank:1048576", "frp"),
("bootconfig", "bootconfig"),
];
#[derive(Debug)]
enum Error {
Bootconfig(std::io::Error),
DiskImage(std::io::Error),
Partitions(std::io::Error),
TransformSparse(std::io::Error),
Uboot(std::io::Error),
Vbmeta(std::io::Error),
}
impl fmt::Display for Error {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{self:?}")
}
}
impl error::Error for Error {}
#[derive(Parser)]
#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
struct Arguments {
/// Architecture of the source images
#[arg(short, long, value_enum)]
arch: Option<Arch>,
/// Directory containing the Android Cuttlefish images
cvd_dir: PathBuf,
/// Output file for the system disk image
#[arg(short, long, value_name = "FILE")]
system: Option<PathBuf>,
/// Output file for the properties disk image
#[arg(short, long, value_name = "FILE")]
props: Option<PathBuf>,
}
fn create_disk_images(args: &Arguments) -> Result<(), Error> {
let cvd_dir = args.cvd_dir.clone().into_os_string().into_string().unwrap();
let out_system = match &args.system {
Some(s) => s.clone().into_os_string().into_string().unwrap(),
None => "system.img".to_string(),
};
let out_props = match &args.props {
Some(p) => p.clone().into_os_string().into_string().unwrap(),
None => "properties.img".to_string(),
};
let arch = args.arch.unwrap_or({
if cfg!(target_arch = "aarch64") {
Arch::Aarch64
} else {
Arch::X86_64
}
});
let mut envs: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
envs.insert("HOME".to_string(), cvd_dir.to_string());
envs.insert("ANDROID_TZDATA_ROOT".to_string(), cvd_dir.to_string());
envs.insert("ANDROID_ROOT".to_string(), cvd_dir.to_string());
println!("Transforming sparse images if needed");
transform_sparse_images(&cvd_dir, &envs).map_err(Error::TransformSparse)?;
println!("Creating {out_system} disk image");
let parts =
create_disk_image(&cvd_dir, SYSTEM_COMPONENTS, &out_system).map_err(Error::DiskImage)?;
create_partitions(parts, &out_system).map_err(Error::Partitions)?;
let tmp_dir = TempDir::new("cvd2img").unwrap();
let tmp_dir_path = tmp_dir.into_path().into_os_string().into_string().unwrap();
println!("Creating persistent components");
create_uboot(&cvd_dir, &tmp_dir_path, &envs).map_err(Error::Uboot)?;
create_vbmeta(&cvd_dir, &tmp_dir_path, &envs).map_err(Error::Vbmeta)?;
create_bootconfig(&cvd_dir, &tmp_dir_path, &envs, &arch).map_err(Error::Bootconfig)?;
println!("Creating {out_props} disk image");
let parts = create_disk_image(&tmp_dir_path, PROPERTIES_COMPONENTS, &out_props)
.map_err(Error::DiskImage)?;
create_partitions(parts, &out_props).map_err(Error::Partitions)?;
Ok(())
}
fn main() {
let args = Arguments::parse();
if let Err(e) = create_disk_images(&args) {
println!("Image creation failed: {e}");
exit(-1);
}
}