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800 lines
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=======
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Pools
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=======
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When you first deploy a cluster without creating a pool, Ceph uses the default
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pools for storing data. A pool provides you with:
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- **Resilience**: You can set how many OSD are allowed to fail without losing data.
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For replicated pools, it is the desired number of copies/replicas of an object.
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A typical configuration stores an object and one additional copy
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(i.e., ``size = 2``), but you can determine the number of copies/replicas.
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For `erasure coded pools <../erasure-code>`_, it is the number of coding chunks
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(i.e. ``m=2`` in the **erasure code profile**)
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- **Placement Groups**: You can set the number of placement groups for the pool.
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A typical configuration uses approximately 100 placement groups per OSD to
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provide optimal balancing without using up too many computing resources. When
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setting up multiple pools, be careful to ensure you set a reasonable number of
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placement groups for both the pool and the cluster as a whole.
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- **CRUSH Rules**: When you store data in a pool, a CRUSH ruleset mapped to the
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pool enables CRUSH to identify a rule for the placement of the object
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and its replicas (or chunks for erasure coded pools) in your cluster.
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You can create a custom CRUSH rule for your pool.
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- **Snapshots**: When you create snapshots with ``ceph osd pool mksnap``,
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you effectively take a snapshot of a particular pool.
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To organize data into pools, you can list, create, and remove pools.
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You can also view the utilization statistics for each pool.
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List Pools
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==========
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To list your cluster's pools, execute::
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ceph osd lspools
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.. _createpool:
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Create a Pool
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=============
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Before creating pools, refer to the `Pool, PG and CRUSH Config Reference`_.
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Ideally, you should override the default value for the number of placement
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groups in your Ceph configuration file, as the default is NOT ideal.
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For details on placement group numbers refer to `setting the number of placement groups`_
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.. note:: Starting with Luminous, all pools need to be associated to the
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application using the pool. See `Associate Pool to Application`_ below for
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more information.
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For example::
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osd pool default pg num = 100
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osd pool default pgp num = 100
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To create a pool, execute::
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ceph osd pool create {pool-name} {pg-num} [{pgp-num}] [replicated] \
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[crush-rule-name] [expected-num-objects]
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ceph osd pool create {pool-name} {pg-num} {pgp-num} erasure \
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[erasure-code-profile] [crush-rule-name] [expected_num_objects]
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Where:
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``{pool-name}``
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:Description: The name of the pool. It must be unique.
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:Type: String
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:Required: Yes.
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``{pg-num}``
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:Description: The total number of placement groups for the pool. See `Placement
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Groups`_ for details on calculating a suitable number. The
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default value ``8`` is NOT suitable for most systems.
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:Type: Integer
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:Required: Yes.
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:Default: 8
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``{pgp-num}``
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:Description: The total number of placement groups for placement purposes. This
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**should be equal to the total number of placement groups**, except
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for placement group splitting scenarios.
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:Type: Integer
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:Required: Yes. Picks up default or Ceph configuration value if not specified.
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:Default: 8
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``{replicated|erasure}``
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:Description: The pool type which may either be **replicated** to
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recover from lost OSDs by keeping multiple copies of the
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objects or **erasure** to get a kind of
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`generalized RAID5 <../erasure-code>`_ capability.
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The **replicated** pools require more
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raw storage but implement all Ceph operations. The
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**erasure** pools require less raw storage but only
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implement a subset of the available operations.
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:Type: String
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:Required: No.
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:Default: replicated
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``[crush-rule-name]``
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:Description: The name of a CRUSH rule to use for this pool. The specified
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rule must exist.
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:Type: String
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:Required: No.
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:Default: For **replicated** pools it is the ruleset specified by the ``osd
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pool default crush replicated ruleset`` config variable. This
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ruleset must exist.
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For **erasure** pools it is ``erasure-code`` if the ``default``
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`erasure code profile`_ is used or ``{pool-name}`` otherwise. This
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ruleset will be created implicitly if it doesn't exist already.
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``[erasure-code-profile=profile]``
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.. _erasure code profile: ../erasure-code-profile
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:Description: For **erasure** pools only. Use the `erasure code profile`_. It
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must be an existing profile as defined by
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**osd erasure-code-profile set**.
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:Type: String
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:Required: No.
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When you create a pool, set the number of placement groups to a reasonable value
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(e.g., ``100``). Consider the total number of placement groups per OSD too.
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Placement groups are computationally expensive, so performance will degrade when
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you have many pools with many placement groups (e.g., 50 pools with 100
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placement groups each). The point of diminishing returns depends upon the power
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of the OSD host.
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See `Placement Groups`_ for details on calculating an appropriate number of
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placement groups for your pool.
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.. _Placement Groups: ../placement-groups
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``[expected-num-objects]``
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:Description: The expected number of objects for this pool. By setting this value (
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together with a negative **filestore merge threshold**), the PG folder
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splitting would happen at the pool creation time, to avoid the latency
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impact to do a runtime folder splitting.
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:Type: Integer
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:Required: No.
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:Default: 0, no splitting at the pool creation time.
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.. _associate-pool-to-application:
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Associate Pool to Application
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=============================
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Pools need to be associated with an application before use. Pools that will be
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used with CephFS or pools that are automatically created by RGW are
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automatically associated. Pools that are intended for use with RBD should be
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initialized using the ``rbd`` tool (see `Block Device Commands`_ for more
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information).
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For other cases, you can manually associate a free-form application name to
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a pool.::
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ceph osd pool application enable {pool-name} {application-name}
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.. note:: CephFS uses the application name ``cephfs``, RBD uses the
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application name ``rbd``, and RGW uses the application name ``rgw``.
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Set Pool Quotas
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===============
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You can set pool quotas for the maximum number of bytes and/or the maximum
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number of objects per pool. ::
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ceph osd pool set-quota {pool-name} [max_objects {obj-count}] [max_bytes {bytes}]
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For example::
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ceph osd pool set-quota data max_objects 10000
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To remove a quota, set its value to ``0``.
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Delete a Pool
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=============
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To delete a pool, execute::
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ceph osd pool delete {pool-name} [{pool-name} --yes-i-really-really-mean-it]
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To remove a pool the mon_allow_pool_delete flag must be set to true in the Monitor's
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configuration. Otherwise they will refuse to remove a pool.
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See `Monitor Configuration`_ for more information.
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.. _Monitor Configuration: ../../configuration/mon-config-ref
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If you created your own rulesets and rules for a pool you created, you should
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consider removing them when you no longer need your pool::
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ceph osd pool get {pool-name} crush_ruleset
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If the ruleset was "123", for example, you can check the other pools like so::
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ceph osd dump | grep "^pool" | grep "crush_ruleset 123"
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If no other pools use that custom ruleset, then it's safe to delete that
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ruleset from the cluster.
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If you created users with permissions strictly for a pool that no longer
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exists, you should consider deleting those users too::
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ceph auth ls | grep -C 5 {pool-name}
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ceph auth del {user}
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Rename a Pool
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=============
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To rename a pool, execute::
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ceph osd pool rename {current-pool-name} {new-pool-name}
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If you rename a pool and you have per-pool capabilities for an authenticated
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user, you must update the user's capabilities (i.e., caps) with the new pool
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name.
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.. note:: Version ``0.48`` Argonaut and above.
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Show Pool Statistics
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====================
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To show a pool's utilization statistics, execute::
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rados df
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Make a Snapshot of a Pool
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=========================
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To make a snapshot of a pool, execute::
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ceph osd pool mksnap {pool-name} {snap-name}
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.. note:: Version ``0.48`` Argonaut and above.
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Remove a Snapshot of a Pool
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===========================
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To remove a snapshot of a pool, execute::
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ceph osd pool rmsnap {pool-name} {snap-name}
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.. note:: Version ``0.48`` Argonaut and above.
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.. _setpoolvalues:
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Set Pool Values
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===============
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To set a value to a pool, execute the following::
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ceph osd pool set {pool-name} {key} {value}
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You may set values for the following keys:
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.. _compression_algorithm:
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``compression_algorithm``
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:Description: Sets inline compression algorithm to use for underlying BlueStore.
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This setting overrides the `global setting <rados/configuration/bluestore-config-ref/#inline-compression>`_ of ``bluestore compression algorithm``.
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:Type: String
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:Valid Settings: ``lz4``, ``snappy``, ``zlib``, ``zstd``
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``compression_mode``
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:Description: Sets the policy for the inline compression algorithm for underlying BlueStore.
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This setting overrides the `global setting <rados/configuration/bluestore-config-ref/#inline-compression>`_ of ``bluestore compression mode``.
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:Type: String
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:Valid Settings: ``none``, ``passive``, ``aggressive``, ``force``
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``compression_min_blob_size``
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:Description: Chunks smaller than this are never compressed.
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This setting overrides the `global setting <rados/configuration/bluestore-config-ref/#inline-compression>`_ of ``bluestore compression min blob *``.
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:Type: Unsigned Integer
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``compression_max_blob_size``
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:Description: Chunks larger than this are broken into smaller blobs sizing
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``compression_max_blob_size`` before being compressed.
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:Type: Unsigned Integer
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.. _size:
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``size``
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:Description: Sets the number of replicas for objects in the pool.
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See `Set the Number of Object Replicas`_ for further details.
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Replicated pools only.
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:Type: Integer
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.. _min_size:
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``min_size``
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:Description: Sets the minimum number of replicas required for I/O.
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See `Set the Number of Object Replicas`_ for further details.
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Replicated pools only.
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:Type: Integer
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:Version: ``0.54`` and above
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.. _pg_num:
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``pg_num``
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:Description: The effective number of placement groups to use when calculating
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data placement.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: Superior to ``pg_num`` current value.
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.. _pgp_num:
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``pgp_num``
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:Description: The effective number of placement groups for placement to use
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when calculating data placement.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: Equal to or less than ``pg_num``.
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.. _crush_ruleset:
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``crush_ruleset``
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:Description: The ruleset to use for mapping object placement in the cluster.
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:Type: Integer
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.. _allow_ec_overwrites:
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``allow_ec_overwrites``
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:Description: Whether writes to an erasure coded pool can update part
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of an object, so cephfs and rbd can use it. See
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`Erasure Coding with Overwrites`_ for more details.
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:Type: Boolean
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:Version: ``12.2.0`` and above
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.. _hashpspool:
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``hashpspool``
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:Description: Set/Unset HASHPSPOOL flag on a given pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag
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:Version: Version ``0.48`` Argonaut and above.
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.. _nodelete:
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``nodelete``
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:Description: Set/Unset NODELETE flag on a given pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag
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:Version: Version ``FIXME``
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.. _nopgchange:
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``nopgchange``
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:Description: Set/Unset NOPGCHANGE flag on a given pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag
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:Version: Version ``FIXME``
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.. _nosizechange:
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``nosizechange``
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:Description: Set/Unset NOSIZECHANGE flag on a given pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag
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:Version: Version ``FIXME``
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.. _write_fadvise_dontneed:
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``write_fadvise_dontneed``
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:Description: Set/Unset WRITE_FADVISE_DONTNEED flag on a given pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag
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.. _noscrub:
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``noscrub``
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:Description: Set/Unset NOSCRUB flag on a given pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag
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.. _nodeep-scrub:
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``nodeep-scrub``
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:Description: Set/Unset NODEEP_SCRUB flag on a given pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag
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.. _hit_set_type:
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``hit_set_type``
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:Description: Enables hit set tracking for cache pools.
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See `Bloom Filter`_ for additional information.
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:Type: String
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:Valid Settings: ``bloom``, ``explicit_hash``, ``explicit_object``
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:Default: ``bloom``. Other values are for testing.
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.. _hit_set_count:
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``hit_set_count``
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:Description: The number of hit sets to store for cache pools. The higher
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the number, the more RAM consumed by the ``ceph-osd`` daemon.
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: ``1``. Agent doesn't handle > 1 yet.
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.. _hit_set_period:
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``hit_set_period``
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:Description: The duration of a hit set period in seconds for cache pools.
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The higher the number, the more RAM consumed by the
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``ceph-osd`` daemon.
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:Type: Integer
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:Example: ``3600`` 1hr
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.. _hit_set_fpp:
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``hit_set_fpp``
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:Description: The false positive probability for the ``bloom`` hit set type.
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See `Bloom Filter`_ for additional information.
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:Type: Double
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:Valid Range: 0.0 - 1.0
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:Default: ``0.05``
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.. _cache_target_dirty_ratio:
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``cache_target_dirty_ratio``
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:Description: The percentage of the cache pool containing modified (dirty)
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objects before the cache tiering agent will flush them to the
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backing storage pool.
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:Type: Double
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:Default: ``.4``
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.. _cache_target_dirty_high_ratio:
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``cache_target_dirty_high_ratio``
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:Description: The percentage of the cache pool containing modified (dirty)
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objects before the cache tiering agent will flush them to the
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backing storage pool with a higher speed.
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:Type: Double
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:Default: ``.6``
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.. _cache_target_full_ratio:
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``cache_target_full_ratio``
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:Description: The percentage of the cache pool containing unmodified (clean)
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objects before the cache tiering agent will evict them from the
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cache pool.
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:Type: Double
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:Default: ``.8``
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.. _target_max_bytes:
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``target_max_bytes``
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:Description: Ceph will begin flushing or evicting objects when the
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``max_bytes`` threshold is triggered.
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:Type: Integer
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:Example: ``1000000000000`` #1-TB
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.. _target_max_objects:
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``target_max_objects``
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:Description: Ceph will begin flushing or evicting objects when the
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``max_objects`` threshold is triggered.
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:Type: Integer
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:Example: ``1000000`` #1M objects
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``hit_set_grade_decay_rate``
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:Description: Temperature decay rate between two successive hit_sets
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 0 - 100
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:Default: ``20``
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``hit_set_search_last_n``
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:Description: Count at most N appearance in hit_sets for temperature calculation
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:Type: Integer
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:Valid Range: 0 - hit_set_count
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:Default: ``1``
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.. _cache_min_flush_age:
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``cache_min_flush_age``
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:Description: The time (in seconds) before the cache tiering agent will flush
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an object from the cache pool to the storage pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Example: ``600`` 10min
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.. _cache_min_evict_age:
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``cache_min_evict_age``
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:Description: The time (in seconds) before the cache tiering agent will evict
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an object from the cache pool.
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:Type: Integer
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:Example: ``1800`` 30min
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.. _fast_read:
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``fast_read``
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:Description: On Erasure Coding pool, if this flag is turned on, the read request
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would issue sub reads to all shards, and waits until it receives enough
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shards to decode to serve the client. In the case of jerasure and isa
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erasure plugins, once the first K replies return, client's request is
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served immediately using the data decoded from these replies. This
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helps to tradeoff some resources for better performance. Currently this
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flag is only supported for Erasure Coding pool.
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:Type: Boolean
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:Defaults: ``0``
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|
|
.. _scrub_min_interval:
|
|
|
|
``scrub_min_interval``
|
|
|
|
:Description: The minimum interval in seconds for pool scrubbing when
|
|
load is low. If it is 0, the value osd_scrub_min_interval
|
|
from config is used.
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
:Default: ``0``
|
|
|
|
.. _scrub_max_interval:
|
|
|
|
``scrub_max_interval``
|
|
|
|
:Description: The maximum interval in seconds for pool scrubbing
|
|
irrespective of cluster load. If it is 0, the value
|
|
osd_scrub_max_interval from config is used.
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
:Default: ``0``
|
|
|
|
.. _deep_scrub_interval:
|
|
|
|
``deep_scrub_interval``
|
|
|
|
:Description: The interval in seconds for pool “deep” scrubbing. If it
|
|
is 0, the value osd_deep_scrub_interval from config is used.
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
:Default: ``0``
|
|
|
|
|
|
Get Pool Values
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
To get a value from a pool, execute the following::
|
|
|
|
ceph osd pool get {pool-name} {key}
|
|
|
|
You may get values for the following keys:
|
|
|
|
``size``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see size_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
``min_size``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see min_size_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
:Version: ``0.54`` and above
|
|
|
|
``pg_num``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see pg_num_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
|
|
``pgp_num``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see pgp_num_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
:Valid Range: Equal to or less than ``pg_num``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
``crush_ruleset``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see crush_ruleset_
|
|
|
|
|
|
``hit_set_type``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see hit_set_type_
|
|
|
|
:Type: String
|
|
:Valid Settings: ``bloom``, ``explicit_hash``, ``explicit_object``
|
|
|
|
``hit_set_count``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see hit_set_count_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
|
|
``hit_set_period``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see hit_set_period_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
|
|
``hit_set_fpp``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see hit_set_fpp_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
``cache_target_dirty_ratio``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see cache_target_dirty_ratio_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
``cache_target_dirty_high_ratio``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see cache_target_dirty_high_ratio_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
``cache_target_full_ratio``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see cache_target_full_ratio_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
``target_max_bytes``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see target_max_bytes_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
|
|
``target_max_objects``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see target_max_objects_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
|
|
``cache_min_flush_age``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see cache_min_flush_age_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
|
|
``cache_min_evict_age``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see cache_min_evict_age_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Integer
|
|
|
|
|
|
``fast_read``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see fast_read_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Boolean
|
|
|
|
|
|
``scrub_min_interval``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see scrub_min_interval_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
``scrub_max_interval``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see scrub_max_interval_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
``deep_scrub_interval``
|
|
|
|
:Description: see deep_scrub_interval_
|
|
|
|
:Type: Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set the Number of Object Replicas
|
|
=================================
|
|
|
|
To set the number of object replicas on a replicated pool, execute the following::
|
|
|
|
ceph osd pool set {poolname} size {num-replicas}
|
|
|
|
.. important:: The ``{num-replicas}`` includes the object itself.
|
|
If you want the object and two copies of the object for a total of
|
|
three instances of the object, specify ``3``.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
ceph osd pool set data size 3
|
|
|
|
You may execute this command for each pool. **Note:** An object might accept
|
|
I/Os in degraded mode with fewer than ``pool size`` replicas. To set a minimum
|
|
number of required replicas for I/O, you should use the ``min_size`` setting.
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
ceph osd pool set data min_size 2
|
|
|
|
This ensures that no object in the data pool will receive I/O with fewer than
|
|
``min_size`` replicas.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Get the Number of Object Replicas
|
|
=================================
|
|
|
|
To get the number of object replicas, execute the following::
|
|
|
|
ceph osd dump | grep 'replicated size'
|
|
|
|
Ceph will list the pools, with the ``replicated size`` attribute highlighted.
|
|
By default, ceph creates two replicas of an object (a total of three copies, or
|
|
a size of 3).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _Pool, PG and CRUSH Config Reference: ../../configuration/pool-pg-config-ref
|
|
.. _Bloom Filter: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter
|
|
.. _setting the number of placement groups: ../placement-groups#set-the-number-of-placement-groups
|
|
.. _Erasure Coding with Overwrites: ../erasure-code#erasure-coding-with-overwrites
|
|
.. _Block Device Commands: ../../../rbd/rados-rbd-cmds/#create-a-block-device-pool
|
|
|