mirror of https://github.com/ceph/ceph
489 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
489 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
===================
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Manual Deployment
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===================
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All Ceph clusters require at least one monitor, and at least as many OSDs as
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copies of an object stored on the cluster. Bootstrapping the initial monitor(s)
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is the first step in deploying a Ceph Storage Cluster. Monitor deployment also
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sets important criteria for the entire cluster, such as the number of replicas
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for pools, the number of placement groups per OSD, the heartbeat intervals,
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whether authentication is required, etc. Most of these values are set by
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default, so it's useful to know about them when setting up your cluster for
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production.
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Following the same configuration as `Installation (Quick)`_, we will set up a
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cluster with ``node1`` as the monitor node, and ``node2`` and ``node3`` for
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OSD nodes.
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.. ditaa::
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/------------------\ /----------------\
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| Admin Node | | node1 |
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| +-------->+ |
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| | | cCCC |
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\---------+--------/ \----------------/
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| /----------------\
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| | node2 |
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+----------------->+ |
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| | cCCC |
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| \----------------/
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| /----------------\
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| | node3 |
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+----------------->| |
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| cCCC |
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\----------------/
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Monitor Bootstrapping
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=====================
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Bootstrapping a monitor (a Ceph Storage Cluster, in theory) requires
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a number of things:
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- **Unique Identifier:** The ``fsid`` is a unique identifier for the cluster,
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and stands for File System ID from the days when the Ceph Storage Cluster was
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principally for the Ceph Filesystem. Ceph now supports native interfaces,
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block devices, and object storage gateway interfaces too, so ``fsid`` is a
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bit of a misnomer.
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- **Cluster Name:** Ceph clusters have a cluster name, which is a simple string
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without spaces. The default cluster name is ``ceph``, but you may specify
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a different cluster name. Overriding the default cluster name is
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especially useful when you are working with multiple clusters and you need to
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clearly understand which cluster your are working with.
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For example, when you run multiple clusters in a `federated architecture`_,
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the cluster name (e.g., ``us-west``, ``us-east``) identifies the cluster for
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the current CLI session. **Note:** To identify the cluster name on the
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command line interface, specify the a Ceph configuration file with the
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cluster name (e.g., ``ceph.conf``, ``us-west.conf``, ``us-east.conf``, etc.).
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Also see CLI usage (``ceph --cluster {cluster-name}``).
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- **Monitor Name:** Each monitor instance within a cluster has a unique name.
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In common practice, the Ceph Monitor name is the host name (we recommend one
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Ceph Monitor per host, and no commingling of Ceph OSD Daemons with
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Ceph Monitors). You may retrieve the short hostname with ``hostname -s``.
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- **Monitor Map:** Bootstrapping the initial monitor(s) requires you to
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generate a monitor map. The monitor map requires the ``fsid``, the cluster
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name (or uses the default), and at least one host name and its IP address.
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- **Monitor Keyring**: Monitors communicate with each other via a
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secret key. You must generate a keyring with a monitor secret and provide
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it when bootstrapping the initial monitor(s).
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- **Administrator Keyring**: To use the ``ceph`` CLI tools, you must have
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a ``client.admin`` user. So you must generate the admin user and keyring,
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and you must also add the ``client.admin`` user to the monitor keyring.
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The foregoing requirements do not imply the creation of a Ceph Configuration
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file. However, as a best practice, we recommend creating a Ceph configuration
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file and populating it with the ``fsid``, the ``mon initial members`` and the
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``mon host`` settings.
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You can get and set all of the monitor settings at runtime as well. However,
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a Ceph Configuration file may contain only those settings that override the
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default values. When you add settings to a Ceph configuration file, these
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settings override the default settings. Maintaining those settings in a
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Ceph configuration file makes it easier to maintain your cluster.
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The procedure is as follows:
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#. Log in to the initial monitor node(s)::
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ssh {hostname}
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For example::
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ssh node1
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#. Ensure you have a directory for the Ceph configuration file. By default,
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Ceph uses ``/etc/ceph``. When you install ``ceph``, the installer will
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create the ``/etc/ceph`` directory automatically. ::
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ls /etc/ceph
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**Note:** Deployment tools may remove this directory when purging a
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cluster (e.g., ``ceph-deploy purgedata {node-name}``, ``ceph-deploy purge
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{node-name}``).
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#. Create a Ceph configuration file. By default, Ceph uses
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``ceph.conf``, where ``ceph`` reflects the cluster name. ::
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sudo vim /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
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#. Generate a unique ID (i.e., ``fsid``) for your cluster. ::
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uuidgen
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#. Add the unique ID to your Ceph configuration file. ::
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fsid = {UUID}
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For example::
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fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
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#. Add the initial monitor(s) to your Ceph configuration file. ::
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mon initial members = {hostname}[,{hostname}]
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For example::
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mon initial members = node1
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#. Add the IP address(es) of the initial monitor(s) to your Ceph configuration
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file and save the file. ::
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mon host = {ip-address}[,{ip-address}]
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For example::
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mon host = 192.168.0.1
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**Note:** You may use IPv6 addresses too, but you must set ``ms bind ipv6``
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to ``true``. See `Network Configuration Reference`_ for details about
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network configuration.
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#. Create a keyring for your cluster and generate a monitor secret key. ::
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ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'
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#. Generate an administrator keyring, generate a ``client.admin`` user and add
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the user to the keyring. ::
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ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --set-uid=0 --cap mon 'allow *' --cap osd 'allow *' --cap mds 'allow'
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#. Add the ``client.admin`` key to the ``ceph.mon.keyring``. ::
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ceph-authtool /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
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#. Generate a monitor map using the hostname(s), host IP address(es) and the FSID.
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Save it as ``/tmp/monmap``::
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monmaptool --create --add {hostname} {ip-address} --fsid {uuid} /tmp/monmap
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For example::
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monmaptool --create --add node1 192.168.0.1 --fsid a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 /tmp/monmap
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#. Create a default data directory (or directories) on the monitor host(s). ::
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sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/{cluster-name}-{hostname}
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For example::
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sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1
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See `Monitor Config Reference - Data`_ for details.
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#. Populate the monitor daemon(s) with the monitor map and keyring. ::
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ceph-mon [--cluster {cluster-name}] --mkfs -i {hostname} --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
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For example::
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ceph-mon --mkfs -i node1 --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
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#. Consider settings for a Ceph configuration file. Common settings include
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the following::
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[global]
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fsid = {cluster-id}
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mon initial members = {hostname}[, {hostname}]
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mon host = {ip-address}[, {ip-address}]
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public network = {network}[, {network}]
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cluster network = {network}[, {network}]
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auth cluster required = cephx
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auth service required = cephx
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auth client required = cephx
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osd journal size = {n}
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osd pool default size = {n} # Write an object n times.
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osd pool default min size = {n} # Allow writing n copy in a degraded state.
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osd pool default pg num = {n}
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osd pool default pgp num = {n}
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osd crush chooseleaf type = {n}
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In the foregoing example, the ``[global]`` section of the configuration might
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look like this::
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[global]
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fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
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mon initial members = node1
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mon host = 192.168.0.1
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public network = 192.168.0.0/24
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auth cluster required = cephx
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auth service required = cephx
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auth client required = cephx
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osd journal size = 1024
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osd pool default size = 2
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osd pool default min size = 1
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osd pool default pg num = 333
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osd pool default pgp num = 333
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osd crush chooseleaf type = 1
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#. Touch the ``done`` file.
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Mark that the monitor is created and ready to be started::
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sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1/done
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#. Start the monitor(s).
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For Ubuntu, use Upstart::
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sudo start ceph-mon id=node1 [cluster={cluster-name}]
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In this case, to allow the start of the daemon at each reboot you
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must create two empty files like this::
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sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/{cluster-name}-{hostname}/upstart
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For example::
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sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1/upstart
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For Debian/CentOS/RHEL, use sysvinit::
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sudo /etc/init.d/ceph start mon.node1
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#. Verify that Ceph created the default pools. ::
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ceph osd lspools
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You should see output like this::
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0 data,1 metadata,2 rbd,
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#. Verify that the monitor is running. ::
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ceph -s
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You should see output that the monitor you started is up and running, and
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you should see a health error indicating that placement groups are stuck
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inactive. It should look something like this::
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cluster a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
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health HEALTH_ERR 192 pgs stuck inactive; 192 pgs stuck unclean; no osds
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monmap e1: 1 mons at {node1=192.168.0.1:6789/0}, election epoch 1, quorum 0 node1
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osdmap e1: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
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pgmap v2: 192 pgs, 3 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
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0 kB used, 0 kB / 0 kB avail
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192 creating
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**Note:** Once you add OSDs and start them, the placement group health errors
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should disappear. See the next section for details.
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Adding OSDs
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===========
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Once you have your initial monitor(s) running, you should add OSDs. Your cluster
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cannot reach an ``active + clean`` state until you have enough OSDs to handle the
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number of copies of an object (e.g., ``osd pool default size = 2`` requires at
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least two OSDs). After bootstrapping your monitor, your cluster has a default
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CRUSH map; however, the CRUSH map doesn't have any Ceph OSD Daemons mapped to
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a Ceph Node.
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Short Form
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----------
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Ceph provides the ``ceph-disk`` utility, which can prepare a disk, partition or
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directory for use with Ceph. The ``ceph-disk`` utility creates the OSD ID by
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incrementing the index. Additionally, ``ceph-disk`` will add the new OSD to the
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CRUSH map under the host for you. Execute ``ceph-disk -h`` for CLI details.
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The ``ceph-disk`` utility automates the steps of the `Long Form`_ below. To
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create the first two OSDs with the short form procedure, execute the following
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on ``node2`` and ``node3``:
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#. Prepare the OSD. ::
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ssh {node-name}
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sudo ceph-disk prepare --cluster {cluster-name} --cluster-uuid {uuid} --fs-type {ext4|xfs|btrfs} {data-path} [{journal-path}]
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For example::
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ssh node1
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sudo ceph-disk prepare --cluster ceph --cluster-uuid a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 --fs-type ext4 /dev/hdd1
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#. Activate the OSD::
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sudo ceph-disk activate {data-path} [--activate-key {path}]
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For example::
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sudo ceph-disk activate /dev/hdd1
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**Note:** Use the ``--activate-key`` argument if you do not have a copy
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of ``/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/{cluster}.keyring`` on the Ceph Node.
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Long Form
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---------
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Without the benefit of any helper utilities, creating an OSD and adding it to
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the cluster and CRUSH map the following procedure. To create the first two
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OSDs with the long form procedure, execute the following on ``node2`` and
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``node3``:
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#. Connect to the OSD host. ::
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ssh {node-name}
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#. Generate a UUID for the OSD. ::
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uuidgen
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#. Create the OSD. If no UUID is given, it will be set automatically when the
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OSD starts up. The following command will output the OSD number, which you
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will need for subsequent steps. ::
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ceph osd create [{uuid} [{id}]]
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#. Create the default directory on your new OSD. ::
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ssh {new-osd-host}
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sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{osd-number}
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#. If the OSD is for a drive other than the OS drive, prepare it
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for use with Ceph, and mount it to the directory you just created::
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ssh {new-osd-host}
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sudo mkfs -t {fstype} /dev/{hdd}
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sudo mount -o user_xattr /dev/{hdd} /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{osd-number}
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#. Initialize the OSD data directory. ::
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ssh {new-osd-host}
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sudo ceph-osd -i {osd-num} --mkfs --mkkey --osd-uuid [{uuid}]
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The directory must be empty before you can run ``ceph-osd`` with the
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``--mkkey`` option. In addition, the ceph-osd tool requires specification
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of custom cluster names with the ``--cluster`` option.
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#. Register the OSD authentication key. The value of ``ceph`` for
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``ceph-{osd-num}`` in the path is the ``$cluster-$id``. If your
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cluster name differs from ``ceph``, use your cluster name instead.::
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sudo ceph auth add osd.{osd-num} osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{osd-num}/keyring
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#. Add your Ceph Node to the CRUSH map. ::
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ceph [--cluster {cluster-name}] osd crush add-bucket {hostname} host
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For example::
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ceph osd crush add-bucket node1 host
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#. Place the Ceph Node under the root ``default``. ::
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ceph osd crush move node1 root=default
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#. Add the OSD to the CRUSH map so that it can begin receiving data. You may
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also decompile the CRUSH map, add the OSD to the device list, add the host as a
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bucket (if it's not already in the CRUSH map), add the device as an item in the
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host, assign it a weight, recompile it and set it. ::
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ceph [--cluster {cluster-name}] osd crush add {id-or-name} {weight} [{bucket-type}={bucket-name} ...]
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For example::
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ceph osd crush add osd.0 1.0 host=node1
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#. After you add an OSD to Ceph, the OSD is in your configuration. However,
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it is not yet running. The OSD is ``down`` and ``in``. You must start
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your new OSD before it can begin receiving data.
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For Ubuntu, use Upstart::
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sudo start ceph-osd id={osd-num} [cluster={cluster-name}]
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For example::
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sudo start ceph-osd id=0
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sudo start ceph-osd id=1
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For Debian/CentOS/RHEL, use sysvinit::
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sudo /etc/init.d/ceph start osd.{osd-num} [--cluster {cluster-name}]
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For example::
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sudo /etc/init.d/ceph start osd.0
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sudo /etc/init.d/ceph start osd.1
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In this case, to allow the start of the daemon at each reboot you
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must create an empty file like this::
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sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{osd-num}/sysvinit
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For example::
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sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/sysvinit
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sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/sysvinit
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Once you start your OSD, it is ``up`` and ``in``.
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Summary
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=======
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Once you have your monitor and two OSDs up and running, you can watch the
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placement groups peer by executing the following::
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ceph -w
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To view the tree, execute the following::
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ceph osd tree
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You should see output that looks something like this::
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# id weight type name up/down reweight
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-1 2 root default
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-2 2 host node1
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0 1 osd.0 up 1
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-3 1 host node2
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1 1 osd.1 up 1
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To add (or remove) additional monitors, see `Add/Remove Monitors`_.
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To add (or remove) additional Ceph OSD Daemons, see `Add/Remove OSDs`_.
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.. _federated architecture: ../../radosgw/federated-config
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.. _Installation (Quick): ../../start
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.. _Add/Remove Monitors: ../../rados/operations/add-or-rm-mons
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.. _Add/Remove OSDs: ../../rados/operations/add-or-rm-osds
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.. _Network Configuration Reference: ../../rados/configuration/network-config-ref
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.. _Monitor Config Reference - Data: ../../rados/configuration/mon-config-ref#data
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