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293 lines
9.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
=====================
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BlueStore Migration
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=====================
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Each OSD can run either BlueStore or FileStore, and a single Ceph
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cluster can contain a mix of both. Users who have previously deployed
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FileStore are likely to want to transition to BlueStore in order to
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take advantage of the improved performance and robustness. There are
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several strategies for making such a transition.
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An individual OSD cannot be converted in place in isolation, however:
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BlueStore and FileStore are simply too different for that to be
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practical. "Conversion" will rely either on the cluster's normal
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replication and healing support or tools and strategies that copy OSD
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content from an old (FileStore) device to a new (BlueStore) one.
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Deploy new OSDs with BlueStore
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==============================
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Any new OSDs (e.g., when the cluster is expanded) can be deployed
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using BlueStore. This is the default behavior so no specific change
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is needed.
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Similarly, any OSDs that are reprovisioned after replacing a failed drive
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can use BlueStore.
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Convert existing OSDs
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=====================
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Mark out and replace
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--------------------
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The simplest approach is to mark out each device in turn, wait for the
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data to rereplicate across the cluster, reprovision the OSD, and mark
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it back in again. It is simple and easy to automate. However, it requires
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more data migration than should be necessary, so it is not optimal.
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#. Identify a FileStore OSD to replace::
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ID=<osd-id-number>
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DEVICE=<disk-device>
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You can tell whether a given OSD is FileStore or BlueStore with::
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ceph osd metadata $ID | grep osd_objectstore
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You can get a current count of filestore vs bluestore with::
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ceph osd count-metadata osd_objectstore
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#. Mark the filestore OSD out::
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ceph osd out $ID
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#. Wait for the data to migrate off the OSD in question::
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while ! ceph osd safe-to-destroy $ID ; sleep 60 ; done
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#. Stop the OSD::
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systemctl kill ceph-osd@$ID
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#. Make note of which device this OSD is using::
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mount | grep /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$ID
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#. Unmount the OSD::
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umount /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$ID
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#. Destroy the OSD data. Be *EXTREMELY CAREFUL* as this will destroy
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the contents of the device; be certain the data on the device is
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not needed (i.e., that the cluster is healthy) before proceeding. ::
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ceph-volume lvm zap $DEVICE
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#. Tell the cluster the OSD has been destroyed (and a new OSD can be
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reprovisioned with the same ID)::
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ceph osd destroy $ID --yes-i-really-mean-it
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#. Reprovision a BlueStore OSD in its place with the same OSD ID.
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This requires you do identify which device to wipe based on what you saw
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mounted above. BE CAREFUL! ::
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ceph-volume create --bluestore --data $DEVICE --osd-id $ID
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#. Repeat.
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You can allow the refilling of the replacement OSD to happen
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concurrently with the draining of the next OSD, or follow the same
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procedure for multiple OSDs in parallel, as long as you ensure the
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cluster is fully clean (all data has all replicas) before destroying
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any OSDs. Failure to do so will reduce the redundancy of your data
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and increase the risk of (or potentially even cause) data loss.
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Advantages:
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* Simple.
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* Can be done on a device-by-device basis.
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* No spare devices or hosts are required.
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Disadvantages:
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* Data is copied over the network twice: once to some other OSD in the
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cluster (to maintain the desired number of replicas), and then again
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back to the reprovisioned BlueStore OSD.
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Whole host replacement
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----------------------
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If you have a spare host in the cluster, or have sufficient free space
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to evacuate an entire host in order to use it as a spare, then the
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conversion can be done on a host-by-host basis with each stored copy of
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the data migrating only once.
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First, you need have empty host that has no data. There are two ways to do this: either by starting with a new, empty host that isn't yet part of the cluster, or by offloading data from an existing host that in the cluster.
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Use a new, empty host
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Ideally the host should have roughly the
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same capacity as other hosts you will be converting (although it
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doesn't strictly matter). ::
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NEWHOST=<empty-host-name>
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Add the host to the CRUSH hierarchy, but do not attach it to the root::
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ceph osd crush add-bucket $NEWHOST host
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Make sure the ceph packages are installed.
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Use an existing host
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you would like to use an existing host
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that is already part of the cluster, and there is sufficient free
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space on that host so that all of its data can be migrated off,
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then you can instead do::
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OLDHOST=<existing-cluster-host-to-offload>
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ceph osd crush unlink $OLDHOST default
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where "default" is the immediate ancestor in the CRUSH map. (For
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smaller clusters with unmodified configurations this will normally
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be "default", but it might also be a rack name.) You should now
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see the host at the top of the OSD tree output with no parent::
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$ bin/ceph osd tree
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ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
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-5 0 host oldhost
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10 ssd 1.00000 osd.10 up 1.00000 1.00000
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11 ssd 1.00000 osd.11 up 1.00000 1.00000
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12 ssd 1.00000 osd.12 up 1.00000 1.00000
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-1 3.00000 root default
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-2 3.00000 host foo
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0 ssd 1.00000 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
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1 ssd 1.00000 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
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2 ssd 1.00000 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
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...
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If everything looks good, jump directly to the "Wait for data
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migration to complete" step below and proceed from there to clean up
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the old OSDs.
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Migration process
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you're using a new host, start at step #1. For an existing host,
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jump to step #5 below.
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#. Provision new BlueStore OSDs for all devices::
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ceph-volume lvm create --bluestore --data /dev/$DEVICE
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#. Verify OSDs join the cluster with::
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ceph osd tree
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You should see the new host ``$NEWHOST`` with all of the OSDs beneath
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it, but the host should *not* be nested beneath any other node in
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hierarchy (like ``root default``). For example, if ``newhost`` is
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the empty host, you might see something like::
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$ bin/ceph osd tree
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ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
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-5 0 host newhost
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10 ssd 1.00000 osd.10 up 1.00000 1.00000
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11 ssd 1.00000 osd.11 up 1.00000 1.00000
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12 ssd 1.00000 osd.12 up 1.00000 1.00000
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-1 3.00000 root default
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-2 3.00000 host oldhost1
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0 ssd 1.00000 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
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1 ssd 1.00000 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
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2 ssd 1.00000 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
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...
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#. Identify the first target host to convert ::
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OLDHOST=<existing-cluster-host-to-convert>
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#. Swap the new host into the old host's position in the cluster::
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ceph osd crush swap-bucket $NEWHOST $OLDHOST
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At this point all data on ``$OLDHOST`` will start migrating to OSDs
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on ``$NEWHOST``. If there is a difference in the total capacity of
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the old and new hosts you may also see some data migrate to or from
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other nodes in the cluster, but as long as the hosts are similarly
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sized this will be a relatively small amount of data.
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#. Wait for data migration to complete::
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while ! ceph osd safe-to-destroy $(ceph osd ls-tree $OLDHOST); do sleep 60 ; done
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#. Stop all old OSDs on the now-empty ``$OLDHOST``::
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ssh $OLDHOST
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systemctl kill ceph-osd.target
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umount /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-*
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#. Destroy and purge the old OSDs::
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for osd in `ceph osd ls-tree $OLDHOST`; do
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ceph osd purge $osd --yes-i-really-mean-it
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done
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#. Wipe the old OSD devices. This requires you do identify which
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devices are to be wiped manually (BE CAREFUL!). For each device,::
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ceph-volume lvm zap $DEVICE
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#. Use the now-empty host as the new host, and repeat::
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NEWHOST=$OLDHOST
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Advantages:
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* Data is copied over the network only once.
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* Converts an entire host's OSDs at once.
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* Can parallelize to converting multiple hosts at a time.
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* No spare devices are required on each host.
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Disadvantages:
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* A spare host is required.
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* An entire host's worth of OSDs will be migrating data at a time. This
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is like likely to impact overall cluster performance.
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* All migrated data still makes one full hop over the network.
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Per-OSD device copy
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-------------------
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A single logical OSD can be converted by using the ``copy`` function
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of ``ceph-objectstore-tool``. This requires that the host have a free
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device (or devices) to provision a new, empty BlueStore OSD. For
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example, if each host in your cluster has 12 OSDs, then you'd need a
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13th available device so that each OSD can be converted in turn before the
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old device is reclaimed to convert the next OSD.
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Caveats:
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* This strategy requires that a blank BlueStore OSD be prepared
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without allocating a new OSD ID, something that the ``ceph-volume``
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tool doesn't support. More importantly, the setup of *dmcrypt* is
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closely tied to the OSD identity, which means that this approach
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does not work with encrypted OSDs.
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* The device must be manually partitioned.
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* Tooling not implemented!
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* Not documented!
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Advantages:
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* Little or no data migrates over the network during the conversion.
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Disadvantages:
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* Tooling not fully implemented.
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* Process not documented.
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* Each host must have a spare or empty device.
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* The OSD is offline during the conversion, which means new writes will
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be written to only a subset of the OSDs. This increases the risk of data
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loss due to a subsequent failure. (However, if there is a failure before
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conversion is complete, the original FileStore OSD can be started to provide
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access to its original data.)
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