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ceph/doc/rados/configuration/mon-config-ref.rst
John Wilkins 44bf35a2cb doc: Updated index tags. 
Signed-off-by: John Wilkins <john.wilkins@inktank.com>
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==========================
Monitor Config Reference
==========================
Understanding how to configure a :term:`Ceph Monitor` is an important part of
building a reliable :term:`Ceph Storage Cluster`. **All Ceph Storage Clusters
have at least one monitor**. A monitor configuration usually remains fairly
consistent, but you can add, remove or replace a monitor in a cluster. See
`Adding/Removing a Monitor`_ and `Add/Remove a Monitor (ceph-deploy)`_ for
details.
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; Paxos
Background
==========
Ceph Monitors maintain a "master copy" of the :term:`cluster map`, which means a
:term:`Ceph Client` can determine the location of all Ceph Monitors, Ceph OSD
Daemons, and Ceph Metadata Servers just by connecting to one Ceph Monitor and
retrieving a current cluster map. Before Ceph Clients can read from or write to
Ceph OSD Daemons or Ceph Metadata Servers, they must connect to a Ceph Monitor
first. With a current copy of the cluster map and the CRUSH algorithm, a Ceph
Client can compute the location for any object. The ability to compute object
locations allows a Ceph Client to talk directly to Ceph OSD Daemons, which is a
very important aspect of Ceph's high scalability and performance. See
`Scalability and High Availability`_ for additional details.
The primary role of the Ceph Monitor is to maintain a master copy of the cluster
map. Ceph Monitors also provide authentication and logging services. Ceph
Monitors write all changes in the monitor services to a single Paxos instance,
and Paxos writes the changes to a key/value store for strong consistency. Ceph
Monitors can query the most recent version of the cluster map during sync
operations. Ceph Monitors leverage the key/value store's snapshots and iterators
(using leveldb) to perform store-wide synchronization.
.. ditaa::
/-------------\ /-------------\
| Monitor | Write Changes | Paxos |
| cCCC +-------------->+ cCCC |
| | | |
+-------------+ \------+------/
| Auth | |
+-------------+ | Write Changes
| Log | |
+-------------+ v
| Monitor Map | /------+------\
+-------------+ | Key / Value |
| OSD Map | | Store |
+-------------+ | cCCC |
| PG Map | \------+------/
+-------------+ ^
| MDS Map | | Read Changes
+-------------+ |
| cCCC |*---------------------+
\-------------/
.. deprecated:: version 0.58
In Ceph versions 0.58 and earlier, Ceph Monitors use a Paxos instance for
each service and store the map as a file.
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; cluster map
Cluster Maps
------------
The cluster map is a composite of maps, including the monitor map, the OSD map,
the placement group map and the metadata server map. The cluster map tracks a
number of important things: which processes are ``in`` the Ceph Storage Cluster;
which processes that are ``in`` the Ceph Storage Cluster are ``up`` and running
or ``down``; whether, the placement groups are ``active`` or ``inactive``, and
``clean`` or in some other state; and, other details that reflect the current
state of the cluster such as the total amount of storage space, and the amount
of storage used.
When there is a significant change in the state of the cluster--e.g., a Ceph OSD
Daemon goes down, a placement group falls into a degraded state, etc.--the
cluster map gets updated to reflect the current state of the cluster.
Additionally, the Ceph Monitor also maintains a history of the prior states of
the cluster. The monitor map, OSD map, placement group map and metadata server
map each maintain a history of their map versions. We call each version an
"epoch."
When operating your Ceph Storage Cluster, keeping track of these states is an
important part of your system administration duties. See `Monitoring a Cluster`_
and `Monitoring OSDs and PGs`_ for additional details.
.. index:: high availability; quorum
Monitor Quorum
--------------
Our Getting Started section provides a trivial `Ceph configuration file`_ that
provides for one monitor in the test cluster. A cluster will run fine with a
single monitor; however, **a single monitor is a single-point-of-failure**. To
ensure high availability in a production Ceph Storage Cluster, you should run
Ceph with multiple monitors so that the failure of a single monitor **WILL NOT**
bring down your entire cluster.
When a Ceph Storage Cluster runs multiple Ceph Monitors for high availability,
Ceph Monitors use `Paxos`_ to establish consensus about the master cluster map.
A consensus requires a majority of monitors running to establish a quorum for
consensus about the cluster map (e.g., 1; 2 out of 3; 3 out of 5; 4 out of 6;
etc.).
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; consistency
Consistency
-----------
When you add monitor settings to your Ceph configuration file, you need to be
aware of some of the architectural aspects of Ceph Monitors. **Ceph imposes
strict consistency requirements** for a Ceph monitor when discovering another
Ceph Monitor within the cluster. Whereas, Ceph Clients and other Ceph daemons
use the Ceph configuration file to discover monitors, monitors discover each
other using the monitor map (monmap), not the Ceph configuration file.
A Ceph Monitor always refers to the local copy of the monmap when discovering
other Ceph Monitors in the Ceph Storage Cluster. Using the monmap instead of the
Ceph configuration file avoids errors that could break the cluster (e.g., typos
in ``ceph.conf`` when specifying a monitor address or port). Since monitors use
monmaps for discovery and they share monmaps with clients and other Ceph
daemons, **the monmap provides monitors with a strict guarantee that their
consensus is valid.**
Strict consistency also applies to updates to the monmap. As with any other
updates on the Ceph Monitor, changes to the monmap always run through a
distributed consensus algorithm called `Paxos`_. The Ceph Monitors must agree on
each update to the monmap, such as adding or removing a Ceph Monitor, to ensure
that each monitor in the quorum has the same version of the monmap. Updates to
the monmap are incremental so that Ceph Monitors have the latest agreed upon
version, and a set of previous versions. Maintaining a history enables a Ceph
Monitor that has an older version of the monmap to catch up with the current
state of the Ceph Storage Cluster.
If Ceph Monitors discovered each other through the Ceph configuration file
instead of through the monmap, it would introduce additional risks because the
Ceph configuration files aren't updated and distributed automatically. Ceph
Monitors might inadvertently use an older Ceph configuration file, fail to
recognize a Ceph Monitor, fall out of a quorum, or develop a situation where
`Paxos`_ isn't able to determine the current state of the system accurately.
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; bootstrapping monitors
Bootstrapping Monitors
----------------------
In most configuration and deployment cases, tools that deploy Ceph may help
bootstrap the Ceph Monitors by generating a monitor map for you (e.g.,
``mkcephfs``, ``ceph-deploy``, etc). A Ceph Monitor requires a few explicit
settings:
- **Filesystem ID**: The ``fsid`` is the unique identifier for your object
store. Since you can run multiple clusters on the same hardware, you must
specify the unique ID of the object store when bootstrapping a monitor.
Deployment tools usually do this for you (e.g., ``mkcephfs`` or
``ceph-deploy`` can call a tool like ``uuidgen``), but you may specify the
``fsid`` manually too.
- **Monitor ID**: A monitor ID is a unique ID assigned to each monitor within
the cluster. It is an alphanumeric value, and by convention the identifier
usually follows an alphabetical increment (e.g., ``a``, ``b``, etc.). This
can be set in a Ceph configuration file (e.g., ``[mon.a]``, [mon.b]``, etc.),
by a deployment tool, or using the ``ceph`` commandline.
- **Keys**: The monitor must have secret keys. A deployment tool such as
``mkcephfs`` or ``ceph-deploy`` usually does this for you, but you may
perform this step manually too. See `Monitor Keyrings`_ for details.
For additional details on bootstrapping, see `Bootstrapping a Monitor`_.
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; configuring monitors
Configuring Monitors
====================
To apply configuration settings to the entire cluster, enter the configuration
settings under ``[global]``. To apply configuration settings to all monitors in
your cluster, enter the configuration settings under ``[mon]``. To apply
configuration settings to specific monitors, specify the monitor instance
(e.g., ``[mon.a]``). By convention, monitor instance names use alpha notation.
.. code-block:: ini
[global]
[mon]
[mon.a]
[mon.b]
[mon.c]
Minimum Configuration
---------------------
The bare minimum monitor settings for a Ceph monitor via the Ceph configuration
file include a hostname and a monitor address for each monitor. You can configure
these under ``[mon]`` or under the entry for a specific monitor.
.. code-block:: ini
[mon]
mon host = hostname1,hostname2,hostname3
mon addr = 10.0.0.10:6789,10.0.0.11:6789,10.0.0.12:6789
.. code-block:: ini
[mon.a]
host = hostname1
mon addr = 10.0.0.10:6789
See the `Network Configuration Reference`_ for details.
.. note:: This minimum configuration for monitors assumes that a deployment
tool generates the ``fsid`` and the ``mon.`` key for you.
Once you deploy a Ceph cluster, you **SHOULD NOT** change the IP address of
the monitors. However, if you decide to change the monitor's IP address, you
must follow a specific procedure. See `Changing a Monitor's IP Address`_ for
details.
Cluster ID
----------
Each Ceph Storage Cluster has a unique identifier (``fsid``). If specified, it
usually appears under the ``[global]`` section of the configuration file.
Deployment tools usually generate the ``fsid`` and store it in the monitor map,
so the value may not appear in a configuration file. The ``fsid`` makes it
possible to run daemons for multiple clusters on the same hardware.
``fsid``
:Description: The cluster ID. One per cluster.
:Type: UUID
:Required: Yes.
:Default: N/A. May be generated by a deployment tool if not specified.
.. note:: Do not set this value if you use a deployment tool that does
it for you.
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; initial members
Initial Members
---------------
We recommend running a production Ceph Storage Cluster with at least three Ceph
Monitors to ensure high availability. When you run multiple monitors, you may
specify the initial monitors that must be members of the cluster in order to
establish a quorum. This may reduce the time it takes for your cluster to come
online.
.. code-block:: ini
[mon]
mon initial members = a,b,c
``mon initial members``
:Description: The IDs of initial monitors in a cluster during startup. If
specified, Ceph requires an odd number of monitors to form an
initial quorum (e.g., 3).
:Type: String
:Default: None
.. note:: A *majority* of monitors in your cluster must be able to reach
each other in order to establish a quorum. You can decrease the initial
number of monitors to establish a quorum with this setting.
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; data path
Data
----
Ceph provides a default path where Ceph Monitors store data. For optimal
performance in a production Ceph Storage Cluster, we recommend running Ceph
Monitors on separate hosts and drives from Ceph OSD Daemons. Ceph Monitors do
lots of ``fsync()``, which can interfere with Ceph OSD Daemon workloads.
In Ceph versions 0.58 and earlier, Ceph Monitors store their data in files. This
approach allows users to inspect monitor data with common tools like ``ls``
and ``cat``. However, it doesn't provide strong consistency.
In Ceph versions 0.59 and later, Ceph Monitors store their data as key/value
pairs. Ceph Monitors require `ACID`_ transactions. Using a data store prevents
recovering Ceph Monitors from running corrupted versions through Paxos, and it
enables multiple modification operations in one single atomic batch, among other
advantages.
Generally, we do not recommend changing the default data location. If you modify
the default location, we recommend that you make it uniform across Ceph Monitors
by setting it in the ``[mon]`` section of the configuration file.
``mon data``
:Description: The monitor's data location.
:Type: String
:Default: ``/var/lib/ceph/mon/$cluster-$id``
.. index:: Ceph Storage Cluster; capacity planning, Ceph Monitor; capacity planning
Storage Capacity
----------------
When a Ceph Storage Cluster gets close to its maximum capacity (i.e., ``mon osd
full ratio``), Ceph prevents you from writing to or reading from Ceph OSD
Daemons as a safety measure to prevent data loss. Therefore, letting a
production Ceph Storage Cluster approach its full ratio is not a good practice,
because it sacrifices high availability. The default full ratio is ``.95``, or
95% of capacity. This a very aggressive setting for a test cluster with a small
number of OSDs.
.. tip:: When monitoring your cluster, be alert to warnings related to the
``nearfull`` ratio. This means that a failure of some OSDs could result
in a temporary service disruption if one or more OSDs fails. Consider adding
more OSDs to increase storage capacity.
A common scenario for test clusters involves a system administrator removing a
Ceph OSD Daemon from the Ceph Storage Cluster to watch the cluster rebalance;
then, removing another Ceph OSD Daemon, and so on until the Ceph Storage Cluster
eventually reaches the full ratio and locks up. We recommend a bit of capacity
planning even with a test cluster. Planning enables you to gauge how much spare
capacity you will need in order to maintain high availability. Ideally, you want
to plan for a series of Ceph OSD Daemon failures where the cluster can recover
to an ``active + clean`` state without replacing those Ceph OSD Daemons
immediately. You can run a cluster in an ``active + degraded`` state, but this
is not ideal for normal operating conditions.
The following diagram depicts a simplistic Ceph Storage Cluster containing 33
Ceph Nodes with one Ceph OSD Daemon per host, each Ceph OSD Daemon reading from
and writing to a 3TB drive. So this exemplary Ceph Storage Cluster has a maximum
actual capacity of 99TB. With a ``mon osd full ratio`` of ``0.95``, if the Ceph
Storage Cluster falls to 5TB of remaining capacity, the cluster will not allow
Ceph Clients to read and write data. So the Ceph Storage Cluster's operating
capacity is 95TB, not 99TB.
.. ditaa::
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| Rack 1 | | Rack 2 | | Rack 3 | | Rack 4 | | Rack 5 | | Rack 6 |
| cCCC | | cF00 | | cCCC | | cCCC | | cCCC | | cCCC |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| OSD 1 | | OSD 7 | | OSD 13 | | OSD 19 | | OSD 25 | | OSD 31 |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| OSD 2 | | OSD 8 | | OSD 14 | | OSD 20 | | OSD 26 | | OSD 32 |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| OSD 3 | | OSD 9 | | OSD 15 | | OSD 21 | | OSD 27 | | OSD 33 |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| OSD 4 | | OSD 10 | | OSD 16 | | OSD 22 | | OSD 28 | | Spare |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| OSD 5 | | OSD 11 | | OSD 17 | | OSD 23 | | OSD 29 | | Spare |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| OSD 6 | | OSD 12 | | OSD 18 | | OSD 24 | | OSD 30 | | Spare |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
It is normal in such a cluster for one or two OSDs to fail. A less frequent but
reasonable scenario involves a rack's router or power supply failing, which
brings down multiple OSDs simultaneously (e.g., OSDs 7-12). In such a scenario,
you should still strive for a cluster that can remain operational and achieve an
``active + clean`` state--even if that means adding a few hosts with additional
OSDs in short order. If your capacity utilization is too high, you may not lose
data, but you could still sacrifice data availability while resolving an outage
within a failure domain if capacity utilization of the cluster exceeds the full
ratio. For this reason, we recommend at least some rough capacity planning.
Identify two numbers for your cluster:
#. The number of OSDs.
#. The total capacity of the cluster
If you divide the total capacity of your cluster by the number of OSDs in your
cluster, you will find the mean average capacity of an OSD within your cluster.
Consider multiplying that number by the number of OSDs you expect will fail
simultaneously during normal operations (a relatively small number). Finally
multiply the capacity of the cluster by the full ratio to arrive at a maximum
operating capacity; then, subtract the number of amount of data from the OSDs
you expect to fail to arrive at a reasonable full ratio. Repeat the foregoing
process with a higher number of OSD failures (e.g., a rack of OSDs) to arrive at
a reasonable number for a near full ratio.
.. code-block:: ini
[global]
mon osd full ratio = .80
mon osd nearfull ratio = .70
``mon osd full ratio``
:Description: The percentage of disk space used before an OSD is
considered ``full``.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``.95``
``mon osd nearfull ratio``
:Description: The percentage of disk space used before an OSD is
considered ``nearfull``.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``.85``
.. tip:: If some OSDs are nearfull, but others have plenty of capacity, you
may have a problem with the CRUSH weight for the nearfull OSDs.
.. index:: heartbeat
Heartbeat
---------
Ceph monitors know about the cluster by requiring reports from each OSD, and by
receiving reports from OSDs about the status of their neighboring OSDs. Ceph
provides reasonable default settings for monitor/OSD interaction; however, you
may modify them as needed. See `Monitor/OSD Interaction`_ for details.
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; leader, Ceph Monitor; provider, Ceph Monitor; requester, Ceph Monitor; synchronization
Monitor Store Synchronization
-----------------------------
When you run a production cluster with multiple monitors (recommended), each
monitor checks to see if a neighboring monitor has a more recent version of the
cluster map (e.g., a map in a neighboring monitor with one or more epoch numbers
higher than the most current epoch in the map of the instant monitor).
Periodically, one monitor in the cluster may fall behind the other monitors to
the point where it must leave the quorum, synchronize to retrieve the most
current information about the cluster, and then rejoin the quorum. For the
purposes of synchronization, monitors may assume one of three roles:
#. **Leader**: The `Leader` is the first monitor to achieve the most recent
Paxos version of the cluster map.
#. **Provider**: The `Provider` is a monitor that has the most recent version
of the cluster map, but wasn't the first to achieve the most recent version.
#. **Requester:** A `Requester` is a monitor that has fallen behind the leader
and must synchronize in order to retrieve the most recent information about
the cluster before it can rejoin the quorum.
These roles enable a leader to delegate synchronization duties to a provider,
which prevents synchronization requests from overloading the leader--improving
performance. In the following diagram, the requester has learned that it has
fallen behind the other monitors. The requester asks the leader to synchronize,
and the leader tells the requester to synchronize with a provider.
.. ditaa:: +-----------+ +---------+ +----------+
| Requester | | Leader | | Provider |
+-----------+ +---------+ +----------+
| | |
| | |
| Ask to Synchronize | |
|------------------->| |
| | |
|<-------------------| |
| Tell Requester to | |
| Sync with Provider | |
| | |
| Synchronize |
|--------------------+-------------------->|
| | |
|<-------------------+---------------------|
| Send Chunk to Requester |
| (repeat as necessary) |
| Requester Acks Chuck to Provider |
|--------------------+-------------------->|
| |
| Sync Complete |
| Notification |
|------------------->|
| |
|<-------------------|
| Ack |
| |
Synchronization always occurs when a new monitor joins the cluster. During
runtime operations, monitors may receive updates to the cluster map at different
times. This means the leader and provider roles may migrate from one monitor to
another. If this happens while synchronizing (e.g., a provider falls behind the
leader), the provider can terminate synchronization with a requester.
Once synchronization is complete, Ceph requires trimming across the cluster.
Trimming requires that the placement groups are ``active + clean``.
``mon sync trim timeout``
:Description:
:Type: Double
:Default: ``30.0``
``mon sync heartbeat timeout``
:Description:
:Type: Double
:Default: ``30.0``
``mon sync heartbeat interval``
:Description:
:Type: Double
:Default: ``5.0``
``mon sync backoff timeout``
:Description:
:Type: Double
:Default: ``30.0``
``mon sync timeout``
:Description:
:Type: Double
:Default: ``30.0``
``mon sync max retries``
:Description:
:Type: Integer
:Default: ``5``
``mon sync max payload size``
:Description: The maximum size for a sync payload.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``1045676``
``mon accept timeout``
:Description: Number of seconds the Leader will wait for the Requester(s) to
accept a Paxos update. It is also used during the Paxos recovery
phase for similar purposes.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``10.0``
``paxos propose interval``
:Description: Gather updates for this time interval before proposing a map update.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``1.0``
``paxos min wait``
:Description: The minimum amount of time to gather updates after a period of
inactivity.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``0.05``
``paxos trim tolerance``
:Description: The number of extra proposals tolerated before trimming.
:Type: Integer
:Default: ``30``
``paxos trim disabled max versions``
:Description: The maximimum number of version allowed to pass without trimming.
:Type: Integer
:Default: ``100``
``mon lease``
:Description: The length (in seconds) of the lease on the monitor's versions.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``5``
``mon lease renew interval``
:Description: The interval (in seconds) for the Leader to renew the other
monitor's leases.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``3``
``mon lease ack timeout``
:Description: The number of seconds the Leader will wait for the Providers to
acknowledge the lease extension.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``10.0``
``mon min osdmap epochs``
:Description: Minimum number of OSD map epochs to keep at all times.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``500``
``mon max pgmap epochs``
:Description: Maximum number of PG map epochs the monitor should keep.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``500``
``mon max log epochs``
:Description: Maximum number of Log epochs the monitor should keep.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``500``
Slurp
-----
In Ceph version 0.58 and earlier, when a Paxos service drifts beyond a given
number of versions, Ceph triggers the `slurp` mechanism, which establishes a
connection with the quorum Leader and obtains every single version the Leader
has for every service that has drifted. In Ceph versions 0.59 and later, slurp
will not work, because there is a single Paxos instance for all services.
.. deprecated:: 0.58
``paxos max join drift``
:Description: The maximum Paxos iterations before we must first sync the
monitor data stores.
:Type: Integer
:Default: ``10``
``mon slurp timeout``
:Description: The number of seconds the monitor has to recover using slurp
before the process is aborted and the monitor bootstraps.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``10.0``
``mon slurp bytes``
:Description: Limits the slurp messages to the specified number of bytes.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``256 * 1024``
.. index:: Ceph Monitor; clock
Clock
-----
``clock offset``
:Description: How much to offset the system clock. See ``Clock.cc`` for details.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``0``
.. deprecated:: 0.58
``mon tick interval``
:Description: A monitor's tick interval in seconds.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``5``
``mon clock drift allowed``
:Description: The clock drift in seconds allowed between monitors.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``.050``
``mon clock drift warn backoff``
:Description: Exponential backoff for clock drift warnings
:Type: Float
:Default: ``5``
``mon timecheck interval``
:Description: The time check interval (clock drift check) in seconds
for the leader.
:Type: Float
:Default: ``300.0``
Client
------
``mon client hung interval``
:Description: The client will try a new monitor every ``N`` seconds until it
establishes a connection.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``3.0``
``mon client ping interval``
:Description: The client will ping the monitor every ``N`` seconds.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``10.0``
``mon client max log entries per message``
:Description: The maximum number of log entries a monitor will generate
per client message.
:Type: Integer
:Default: ``1000``
``mon client bytes``
:Description: The amount of client message data allowed in memory (in bytes).
:Type: 64-bit Integer Unsigned
:Default: ``100ul << 20``
Miscellaneous
=============
``mon max osd``
:Description: The maximum number of OSDs allowed in the cluster.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``10000``
``mon globalid prealloc``
:Description: The number of global IDs to pre-allocate for clients and daemons in the cluster.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``100``
``mon sync fs threshold``
:Description: Synchronize with the filesystem when writing the specified number of objects. Set it to ``0`` to disable it.
:Type: 32-bit Integer
:Default: ``5``
``mon subscribe interval``
:Description: The refresh interval (in seconds) for subscriptions. The
subscription mechanism enables obtaining the cluster maps
and log information.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``300``
``mon stat smooth intervals``
:Description: Ceph will smooth statistics over the last ``N`` PG maps.
:Type: Integer
:Default: ``2``
``mon probe timeout``
:Description: Number of seconds the monitor will wait to find peers before bootstrapping.
:Type: Double
:Default: ``2.0``
``mon daemon bytes``
:Description: The message memory cap for metadata server and OSD messages (in bytes).
:Type: 64-bit Integer Unsigned
:Default: ``400ul << 20``
``mon max log entries per event``
:Description: The maximum number of log entries per event.
:Type: Integer
:Default: ``4096``
.. _Paxos: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxos_(computer_science)
.. _Monitor Keyrings: ../../operations/authentication#monitor-keyrings
.. _Ceph configuration file: ../../../start/quick-start/#add-a-configuration-file
.. _Network Configuration Reference: ../network-config-ref
.. _ACID: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID
.. _Adding/Removing a Monitor: ../../operations/add-or-rm-mons
.. _Add/Remove a Monitor (ceph-deploy): ../../deployment/ceph-deploy-mon
.. _Monitoring a Cluster: ../../operations/monitoring
.. _Monitoring OSDs and PGs: ../../operations/monitoring-osd-pg
.. _Bootstrapping a Monitor: ../../../dev/mon-bootstrap
.. _Changing a Monitor's IP Address: ../../operations/add-or-rm-mons#changing-a-monitor-s-ip-address
.. _Monitor/OSD Interaction: ../mon-osd-interaction
.. _Scalability and High Availability: ../../../architecture#scalability-and-high-availability
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