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346 lines
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ReStructuredText
346 lines
12 KiB
ReStructuredText
=============================
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Storage Cluster Quick Start
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=============================
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If you haven't completed your `Preflight Checklist`_, do that first. This
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**Quick Start** sets up a :term:`Ceph Storage Cluster` using ``ceph-deploy``
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on your admin node. Create a three Ceph Node cluster so you can
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explore Ceph functionality.
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.. include:: quick-common.rst
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As a first exercise, create a Ceph Storage Cluster with one Ceph Monitor and three
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Ceph OSD Daemons. Once the cluster reaches a ``active + clean`` state, expand it
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by adding a fourth Ceph OSD Daemon, a Metadata Server and two more Ceph Monitors.
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For best results, create a directory on your admin node for maintaining the
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configuration files and keys that ``ceph-deploy`` generates for your cluster. ::
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mkdir my-cluster
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cd my-cluster
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The ``ceph-deploy`` utility will output files to the current directory. Ensure you
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are in this directory when executing ``ceph-deploy``.
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.. important:: Do not call ``ceph-deploy`` with ``sudo`` or run it as ``root``
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if you are logged in as a different user, because it will not issue ``sudo``
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commands needed on the remote host.
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Starting over
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=============
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If at any point you run into trouble and you want to start over, execute
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the following to purge the Ceph packages, and erase all its data and configuration::
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ceph-deploy purge {ceph-node} [{ceph-node}]
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ceph-deploy purgedata {ceph-node} [{ceph-node}]
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ceph-deploy forgetkeys
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rm ceph.*
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If you execute ``purge``, you must re-install Ceph. The last ``rm``
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command removes any files that were written out by ceph-deploy locally
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during a previous installation.
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Create a Cluster
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================
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On your admin node from the directory you created for holding your
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configuration details, perform the following steps using ``ceph-deploy``.
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#. Create the cluster. ::
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ceph-deploy new {initial-monitor-node(s)}
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Specify node(s) as hostname, fqdn or hostname:fqdn. For example::
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ceph-deploy new node1
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Check the output of ``ceph-deploy`` with ``ls`` and ``cat`` in the
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current directory. You should see a Ceph configuration file
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(``ceph.conf``), a monitor secret keyring (``ceph.mon.keyring``),
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and a log file for the new cluster. See `ceph-deploy new -h`_ for
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additional details.
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#. If you have more than one network interface, add the ``public network``
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setting under the ``[global]`` section of your Ceph configuration file.
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See the `Network Configuration Reference`_ for details. ::
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public network = {ip-address}/{bits}
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For example,::
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public network = 10.1.2.0/24
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to use IPs in the 10.1.2.0/24 (or 10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0) network.
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#. If you are deploying in an IPv6 environment, add the following to
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``ceph.conf`` in the local directory::
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echo ms bind ipv6 = true >> ceph.conf
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#. Install Ceph packages.::
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ceph-deploy install {ceph-node} [...]
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For example::
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ceph-deploy install node1 node2 node3
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The ``ceph-deploy`` utility will install Ceph on each node.
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#. Deploy the initial monitor(s) and gather the keys::
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ceph-deploy mon create-initial
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Once you complete the process, your local directory should have the following
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keyrings:
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- ``ceph.client.admin.keyring``
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- ``ceph.bootstrap-mgr.keyring``
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- ``ceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring``
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- ``ceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring``
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- ``ceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring``
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- ``ceph.bootstrap-rbd.keyring``
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.. note:: If this process fails with a message similar to "Unable to
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find /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring", please ensure that the
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IP listed for the monitor node in ceph.conf is the Public IP, not
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the Private IP.
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#. Use ``ceph-deploy`` to copy the configuration file and admin key to
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your admin node and your Ceph Nodes so that you can use the ``ceph``
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CLI without having to specify the monitor address and
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``ceph.client.admin.keyring`` each time you execute a command. ::
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ceph-deploy admin {ceph-node(s)}
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For example::
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ceph-deploy admin node1 node2 node3
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#. Deploy a manager daemon. (Required only for luminous+ builds)::
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ceph-deploy mgr create node1 *Required only for luminous+ builds, i.e >= 12.x builds*
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#. Add three OSDs. For the purposes of these instructions, we assume you have an
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unused disk in each node called ``/dev/vdb``. *Be sure that the device is not currently in use and does not contain any important data.*
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ceph-deploy osd create {ceph-node}:{device}
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For example::
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ceph-deploy osd create node1:vdb node2:vdb node3:vdb
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#. Check your cluster's health. ::
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ssh node1 sudo ceph health
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Your cluster should report ``HEALTH_OK``. You can view a more complete
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cluster status with::
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ssh node1 sudo ceph -s
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Expanding Your Cluster
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======================
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Once you have a basic cluster up and running, the next step is to
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expand cluster. Add a Ceph Metadata Server to ``node1``. Then add a
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Ceph Monitor and Ceph Manager to ``node2`` and ``node3`` to improve reliability and availability.
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.. ditaa::
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/------------------\ /----------------\
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| ceph-deploy | | node1 |
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| Admin Node | | cCCC |
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| +-------->+ mon.node1 |
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| | | osd.0 |
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| | | mgr.node1 |
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| | | mds.node1 |
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\---------+--------/ \----------------/
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| /----------------\
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| | node2 |
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| | cCCC |
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+----------------->+ |
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| | osd.0 |
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| | mon.node2 |
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| \----------------/
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| /----------------\
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| | node3 |
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| | cCCC |
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+----------------->+ |
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| osd.1 |
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| mon.node3 |
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\----------------/
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Add a Metadata Server
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---------------------
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To use CephFS, you need at least one metadata server. Execute the following to
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create a metadata server::
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ceph-deploy mds create {ceph-node}
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For example::
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ceph-deploy mds create node1
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Adding Monitors
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---------------
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A Ceph Storage Cluster requires at least one Ceph Monitor and Ceph
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Manager to run. For high availability, Ceph Storage Clusters typically
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run multiple Ceph Monitors so that the failure of a single Ceph
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Monitor will not bring down the Ceph Storage Cluster. Ceph uses the
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Paxos algorithm, which requires a majority of monitors (i.e., greather
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than *N/2* where *N* is the number of monitors) to form a quorum.
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Odd numbers of monitors tend to be better, although this is not required.
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.. tip: If you did not define the ``public network`` option above then
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the new monitor will not know which IP address to bind to on the
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new hosts. You can add this line to your ``ceph.conf`` by editing
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it now and then push it out to each node with
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``ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push {ceph-nodes}``.
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Add two Ceph Monitors to your cluster::
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ceph-deploy mon add {ceph-nodes}
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For example::
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ceph-deploy mon add node2 node3
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Once you have added your new Ceph Monitors, Ceph will begin synchronizing
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the monitors and form a quorum. You can check the quorum status by executing
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the following::
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ceph quorum_status --format json-pretty
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.. tip:: When you run Ceph with multiple monitors, you SHOULD install and
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configure NTP on each monitor host. Ensure that the
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monitors are NTP peers.
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Adding Managers
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---------------
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The Ceph Manager daemons operate in an active/standby pattern. Deploying
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additional manager daemons ensures that if one daemon or host fails, another
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one can take over without interrupting service.
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To deploy additional manager daemons::
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ceph-deploy mgr create node2 node3
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You should see the standby managers in the output from::
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ssh node1 sudo ceph -s
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Add an RGW Instance
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-------------------
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To use the :term:`Ceph Object Gateway` component of Ceph, you must deploy an
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instance of :term:`RGW`. Execute the following to create an new instance of
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RGW::
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ceph-deploy rgw create {gateway-node}
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For example::
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ceph-deploy rgw create node1
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By default, the :term:`RGW` instance will listen on port 7480. This can be
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changed by editing ceph.conf on the node running the :term:`RGW` as follows:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[client]
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rgw frontends = civetweb port=80
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To use an IPv6 address, use:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[client]
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rgw frontends = civetweb port=[::]:80
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Storing/Retrieving Object Data
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==============================
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To store object data in the Ceph Storage Cluster, a Ceph client must:
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#. Set an object name
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#. Specify a `pool`_
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The Ceph Client retrieves the latest cluster map and the CRUSH algorithm
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calculates how to map the object to a `placement group`_, and then calculates
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how to assign the placement group to a Ceph OSD Daemon dynamically. To find the
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object location, all you need is the object name and the pool name. For
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example::
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ceph osd map {poolname} {object-name}
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.. topic:: Exercise: Locate an Object
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As an exercise, lets create an object. Specify an object name, a path to
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a test file containing some object data and a pool name using the
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``rados put`` command on the command line. For example::
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echo {Test-data} > testfile.txt
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ceph osd pool create mytest 8
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rados put {object-name} {file-path} --pool=mytest
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rados put test-object-1 testfile.txt --pool=mytest
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To verify that the Ceph Storage Cluster stored the object, execute
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the following::
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rados -p mytest ls
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Now, identify the object location::
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ceph osd map {pool-name} {object-name}
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ceph osd map mytest test-object-1
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Ceph should output the object's location. For example::
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osdmap e537 pool 'mytest' (1) object 'test-object-1' -> pg 1.d1743484 (1.4) -> up [1,0] acting [1,0]
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To remove the test object, simply delete it using the ``rados rm``
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command.
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For example::
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rados rm test-object-1 --pool=mytest
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To delete the ``mytest`` pool::
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ceph osd pool rm mytest
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(For safety reasons you will need to supply additional arguments as
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prompted; deleting pools destroys data.)
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As the cluster evolves, the object location may change dynamically. One benefit
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of Ceph's dynamic rebalancing is that Ceph relieves you from having to perform
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data migration or balancing manually.
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.. _Preflight Checklist: ../quick-start-preflight
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.. _Ceph Deploy: ../../rados/deployment
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.. _ceph-deploy install -h: ../../rados/deployment/ceph-deploy-install
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.. _ceph-deploy new -h: ../../rados/deployment/ceph-deploy-new
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.. _ceph-deploy osd: ../../rados/deployment/ceph-deploy-osd
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.. _Running Ceph with Upstart: ../../rados/operations/operating#running-ceph-with-upstart
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.. _Running Ceph with sysvinit: ../../rados/operations/operating#running-ceph-with-sysvinit
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.. _CRUSH Map: ../../rados/operations/crush-map
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.. _pool: ../../rados/operations/pools
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.. _placement group: ../../rados/operations/placement-groups
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.. _Monitoring a Cluster: ../../rados/operations/monitoring
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.. _Monitoring OSDs and PGs: ../../rados/operations/monitoring-osd-pg
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.. _Network Configuration Reference: ../../rados/configuration/network-config-ref
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.. _User Management: ../../rados/operations/user-management
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