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616 lines
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ReStructuredText
616 lines
21 KiB
ReStructuredText
===========================
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Install Ceph Object Gateway
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===========================
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As of `firefly` (v0.80), Ceph Object Gateway is running on Civetweb (embedded
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into the ``ceph-radosgw`` daemon) instead of Apache and FastCGI. Using Civetweb
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simplifies the Ceph Object Gateway installation and configuration.
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.. note:: To run the Ceph Object Gateway service, you should have a running
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Ceph storage cluster, and the gateway host should have access to the
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public network.
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.. note:: In version 0.80, the Ceph Object Gateway does not support SSL. You
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may setup a reverse proxy server with SSL to dispatch HTTPS requests
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as HTTP requests to CivetWeb.
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Execute the Pre-Installation Procedure
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--------------------------------------
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See Preflight_ and execute the pre-installation procedures on your Ceph Object
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Gateway node. Specifically, you should disable ``requiretty`` on your Ceph
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Deploy user, set SELinux to ``Permissive`` and set up a Ceph Deploy user with
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password-less ``sudo``. For Ceph Object Gateways, you will need to open the
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port that Civetweb will use in production.
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.. note:: Civetweb runs on port ``7480`` by default.
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Install Ceph Object Gateway
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---------------------------
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From the working directory of your administration server, install the Ceph
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Object Gateway package on the Ceph Object Gateway node. For example::
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ceph-deploy install --rgw <gateway-node1> [<gateway-node2> ...]
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The ``ceph-common`` package is a dependency, so ``ceph-deploy`` will install
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this too. The ``ceph`` CLI tools are intended for administrators. To make your
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Ceph Object Gateway node an administrator node, execute the following from the
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working directory of your administration server::
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ceph-deploy admin <node-name>
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Create a Gateway Instance
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-------------------------
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From the working directory of your administration server, create an instance of
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the Ceph Object Gateway on the Ceph Object Gateway. For example::
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ceph-deploy rgw create <gateway-node1>
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Once the gateway is running, you should be able to access it on port ``7480``
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with an unauthenticated request like this::
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http://client-node:7480
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If the gateway instance is working properly, you should receive a response like
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this::
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<ListAllMyBucketsResult xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
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<Owner>
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<ID>anonymous</ID>
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<DisplayName></DisplayName>
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</Owner>
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<Buckets>
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</Buckets>
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</ListAllMyBucketsResult>
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If at any point you run into trouble and you want to start over, execute the
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following to purge the configuration::
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ceph-deploy purge <gateway-node1> [<gateway-node2>]
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ceph-deploy purgedata <gateway-node1> [<gateway-node2>]
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If you execute ``purge``, you must re-install Ceph.
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Change the Default Port
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-----------------------
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Civetweb runs on port ``7480`` by default. To change the default port (e.g., to
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port ``80``), modify your Ceph configuration file in the working directory of
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your administration server. Add a section entitled
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``[client.rgw.<gateway-node>]``, replacing ``<gateway-node>`` with the short
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node name of your Ceph Object Gateway node (i.e., ``hostname -s``).
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.. note:: As of version 11.0.1, the Ceph Object Gateway **does** support SSL.
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See `Using SSL with Civetweb`_ for information on how to set that up.
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For example, if your node name is ``gateway-node1``, add a section like this
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after the ``[global]`` section::
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[client.rgw.gateway-node1]
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rgw_frontends = "civetweb port=80"
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.. note:: Ensure that you leave no whitespace between ``port=<port-number>`` in
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the ``rgw_frontends`` key/value pair. The ``[client.rgw.gateway-node1]``
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heading identifies this portion of the Ceph configuration file as
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configuring a Ceph Storage Cluster client where the client type is a Ceph
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Object Gateway (i.e., ``rgw``), and the name of the instance is
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``gateway-node1``.
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Push the updated configuration file to your Ceph Object Gateway node
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(and other Ceph nodes)::
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ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push <gateway-node> [<other-nodes>]
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To make the new port setting take effect, restart the Ceph Object
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Gateway::
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sudo systemctl restart ceph-radosgw.service
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Finally, check to ensure that the port you selected is open on the node's
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firewall (e.g., port ``80``). If it is not open, add the port and reload the
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firewall configuration. If you use the ``firewalld`` daemon, execute::
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sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
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sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port 80/tcp --permanent
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sudo firewall-cmd --reload
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If you use ``iptables``, execute::
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sudo iptables --list
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sudo iptables -I INPUT 1 -i <iface> -p tcp -s <ip-address>/<netmask> --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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Replace ``<iface>`` and ``<ip-address>/<netmask>`` with the relevant values for
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your Ceph Object Gateway node.
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Once you have finished configuring ``iptables``, ensure that you make the
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change persistent so that it will be in effect when your Ceph Object Gateway
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node reboots. Execute::
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sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent
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A terminal UI will open up. Select ``yes`` for the prompts to save current
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``IPv4`` iptables rules to ``/etc/iptables/rules.v4`` and current ``IPv6``
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iptables rules to ``/etc/iptables/rules.v6``.
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The ``IPv4`` iptables rule that you set in the earlier step will be loaded in
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``/etc/iptables/rules.v4`` and will be persistent across reboots.
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If you add a new ``IPv4`` iptables rule after installing
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``iptables-persistent`` you will have to add it to the rule file. In such case,
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execute the following as the ``root`` user::
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iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4
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Using SSL with Civetweb
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-----------------------
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.. _Using SSL with Civetweb:
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Before using SSL with civetweb, you will need a certificate that will match
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the host name that that will be used to access the Ceph Object Gateway.
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You may wish to obtain one that has `subject alternate name` fields for
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more flexibility. If you intend to use S3-style subdomains
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(`Add Wildcard to DNS`_), you will need a `wildcard` certificate.
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Civetweb requires that the server key, server certificate, and any other
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CA or intermediate certificates be supplied in one file. Each of these
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items must be in `pem` form. Because the combined file contains the
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secret key, it should be protected from unauthorized access.
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To configure ssl operation, append ``s`` to the port number. For eg::
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[client.rgw.gateway-node1]
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rgw_frontends = civetweb port=443s ssl_certificate=/etc/ceph/private/keyandcert.pem
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.. versionadded :: Luminous
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Furthermore, civetweb can be made to bind to multiple ports, by separating them
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with ``+`` in the configuration. This allows for use cases where both ssl and
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non-ssl connections are hosted by a single rgw instance. For eg::
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[client.rgw.gateway-node1]
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rgw_frontends = civetweb port=80+443s ssl_certificate=/etc/ceph/private/keyandcert.pem
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Additional Civetweb Configuration Options
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-----------------------------------------
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Some additional configuration options can be adjusted for the embedded Civetweb web server
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in the **Ceph Object Gateway** section of the ``ceph.conf`` file.
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A list of supported options, including an example, can be found in the `HTTP Frontends`_.
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Migrating from Apache to Civetweb
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---------------------------------
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If you are running the Ceph Object Gateway on Apache and FastCGI with Ceph
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Storage v0.80 or above, you are already running Civetweb--it starts with the
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``ceph-radosgw`` daemon and it's running on port 7480 by default so that it
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doesn't conflict with your Apache and FastCGI installation and other commonly
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used web service ports. Migrating to use Civetweb basically involves removing
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your Apache installation. Then, you must remove Apache and FastCGI settings
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from your Ceph configuration file and reset ``rgw_frontends`` to Civetweb.
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Referring back to the description for installing a Ceph Object Gateway with
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``ceph-deploy``, notice that the configuration file only has one setting
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``rgw_frontends`` (and that's assuming you elected to change the default port).
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The ``ceph-deploy`` utility generates the data directory and the keyring for
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you--placing the keyring in ``/var/lib/ceph/radosgw/{rgw-intance}``. The daemon
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looks in default locations, whereas you may have specified different settings
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in your Ceph configuration file. Since you already have keys and a data
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directory, you will want to maintain those paths in your Ceph configuration
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file if you used something other than default paths.
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A typical Ceph Object Gateway configuration file for an Apache-based deployment
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looks something similar as the following:
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On Red Hat Enterprise Linux::
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[client.radosgw.gateway-node1]
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host = {hostname}
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keyring = /etc/ceph/ceph.client.radosgw.keyring
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rgw socket path = ""
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log file = /var/log/radosgw/client.radosgw.gateway-node1.log
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rgw frontends = fastcgi socket\_port=9000 socket\_host=0.0.0.0
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rgw print continue = false
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On Ubuntu::
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[client.radosgw.gateway-node]
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host = {hostname}
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keyring = /etc/ceph/ceph.client.radosgw.keyring
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rgw socket path = /var/run/ceph/ceph.radosgw.gateway.fastcgi.sock
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log file = /var/log/radosgw/client.radosgw.gateway-node1.log
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To modify it for use with Civetweb, simply remove the Apache-specific settings
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such as ``rgw_socket_path`` and ``rgw_print_continue``. Then, change the
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``rgw_frontends`` setting to reflect Civetweb rather than the Apache FastCGI
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front end and specify the port number you intend to use. For example::
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[client.radosgw.gateway-node1]
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host = {hostname}
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keyring = /etc/ceph/ceph.client.radosgw.keyring
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log file = /var/log/radosgw/client.radosgw.gateway-node1.log
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rgw_frontends = civetweb port=80
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Finally, restart the Ceph Object Gateway. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux execute::
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sudo systemctl restart ceph-radosgw.service
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On Ubuntu execute::
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sudo service radosgw restart id=rgw.<short-hostname>
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If you used a port number that is not open, you will also need to open that
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port on your firewall.
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Configure Bucket Sharding
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-------------------------
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A Ceph Object Gateway stores bucket index data in the ``index_pool``, which
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defaults to ``.rgw.buckets.index``. Sometimes users like to put many objects
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(hundreds of thousands to millions of objects) in a single bucket. If you do
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not use the gateway administration interface to set quotas for the maximum
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number of objects per bucket, the bucket index can suffer significant
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performance degradation when users place large numbers of objects into a
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bucket.
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In Ceph 0.94, you may shard bucket indices to help prevent performance
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bottlenecks when you allow a high number of objects per bucket. The
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``rgw_override_bucket_index_max_shards`` setting allows you to set a maximum
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number of shards per bucket. The default value is ``0``, which means bucket
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index sharding is off by default.
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To turn bucket index sharding on, set ``rgw_override_bucket_index_max_shards``
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to a value greater than ``0``.
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For simple configurations, you may add ``rgw_override_bucket_index_max_shards``
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to your Ceph configuration file. Add it under ``[global]`` to create a
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system-wide value. You can also set it for each instance in your Ceph
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configuration file.
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Once you have changed your bucket sharding configuration in your Ceph
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configuration file, restart your gateway. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux execute::
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sudo systemctl restart ceph-radosgw.service
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On Ubuntu execute::
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sudo service radosgw restart id=rgw.<short-hostname>
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For federated configurations, each zone may have a different ``index_pool``
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setting for failover. To make the value consistent for a zonegroup's zones, you
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may set ``rgw_override_bucket_index_max_shards`` in a gateway's zonegroup
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configuration. For example::
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radosgw-admin zonegroup get > zonegroup.json
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Open the ``zonegroup.json`` file and edit the ``bucket_index_max_shards`` setting
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for each named zone. Save the ``zonegroup.json`` file and reset the zonegroup.
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For example::
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radosgw-admin zonegroup set < zonegroup.json
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Once you have updated your zonegroup, update and commit the period.
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For example::
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radosgw-admin period update --commit
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.. note:: Mapping the index pool (for each zone, if applicable) to a CRUSH
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rule of SSD-based OSDs may also help with bucket index performance.
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Add Wildcard to DNS
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-------------------
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.. _Add Wildcard to DNS:
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To use Ceph with S3-style subdomains (e.g., bucket-name.domain-name.com), you
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need to add a wildcard to the DNS record of the DNS server you use with the
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``ceph-radosgw`` daemon.
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The address of the DNS must also be specified in the Ceph configuration file
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with the ``rgw dns name = {hostname}`` setting.
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For ``dnsmasq``, add the following address setting with a dot (.) prepended to
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the host name::
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address=/.{hostname-or-fqdn}/{host-ip-address}
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For example::
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address=/.gateway-node1/192.168.122.75
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For ``bind``, add a wildcard to the DNS record. For example::
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$TTL 604800
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@ IN SOA gateway-node1. root.gateway-node1. (
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2 ; Serial
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604800 ; Refresh
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86400 ; Retry
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2419200 ; Expire
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604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
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;
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@ IN NS gateway-node1.
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@ IN A 192.168.122.113
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* IN CNAME @
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Restart your DNS server and ping your server with a subdomain to ensure that
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your DNS configuration works as expected::
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ping mybucket.{hostname}
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For example::
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ping mybucket.gateway-node1
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Add Debugging (if needed)
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-------------------------
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Once you finish the setup procedure, if you encounter issues with your
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configuration, you can add debugging to the ``[global]`` section of your Ceph
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configuration file and restart the gateway(s) to help troubleshoot any
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configuration issues. For example::
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[global]
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#append the following in the global section.
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debug ms = 1
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debug rgw = 20
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Using the Gateway
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-----------------
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To use the REST interfaces, first create an initial Ceph Object Gateway user
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for the S3 interface. Then, create a subuser for the Swift interface. You then
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need to verify if the created users are able to access the gateway.
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Create a RADOSGW User for S3 Access
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A ``radosgw`` user needs to be created and granted access. The command ``man
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radosgw-admin`` will provide information on additional command options.
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To create the user, execute the following on the ``gateway host``::
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sudo radosgw-admin user create --uid="testuser" --display-name="First User"
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The output of the command will be something like the following::
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{
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"user_id": "testuser",
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"display_name": "First User",
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"email": "",
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"suspended": 0,
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"max_buckets": 1000,
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"subusers": [],
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"keys": [{
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"user": "testuser",
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"access_key": "I0PJDPCIYZ665MW88W9R",
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"secret_key": "dxaXZ8U90SXydYzyS5ivamEP20hkLSUViiaR+ZDA"
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}],
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"swift_keys": [],
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"caps": [],
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"op_mask": "read, write, delete",
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"default_placement": "",
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"placement_tags": [],
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"bucket_quota": {
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"enabled": false,
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"max_size_kb": -1,
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"max_objects": -1
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},
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"user_quota": {
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"enabled": false,
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"max_size_kb": -1,
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"max_objects": -1
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},
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"temp_url_keys": []
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}
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.. note:: The values of ``keys->access_key`` and ``keys->secret_key`` are
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needed for access validation.
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.. important:: Check the key output. Sometimes ``radosgw-admin`` generates a
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JSON escape character ``\`` in ``access_key`` or ``secret_key``
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and some clients do not know how to handle JSON escape
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characters. Remedies include removing the JSON escape character
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``\``, encapsulating the string in quotes, regenerating the key
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and ensuring that it does not have a JSON escape character or
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specify the key and secret manually. Also, if ``radosgw-admin``
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generates a JSON escape character ``\`` and a forward slash ``/``
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together in a key, like ``\/``, only remove the JSON escape
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character ``\``. Do not remove the forward slash ``/`` as it is
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a valid character in the key.
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Create a Swift User
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A Swift subuser needs to be created if this kind of access is needed. Creating
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a Swift user is a two step process. The first step is to create the user. The
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second is to create the secret key.
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Execute the following steps on the ``gateway host``:
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Create the Swift user::
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sudo radosgw-admin subuser create --uid=testuser --subuser=testuser:swift --access=full
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The output will be something like the following::
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{
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"user_id": "testuser",
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"display_name": "First User",
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"email": "",
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"suspended": 0,
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"max_buckets": 1000,
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"subusers": [{
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"id": "testuser:swift",
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"permissions": "full-control"
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}],
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"keys": [{
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"user": "testuser:swift",
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"access_key": "3Y1LNW4Q6X0Y53A52DET",
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"secret_key": ""
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}, {
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"user": "testuser",
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"access_key": "I0PJDPCIYZ665MW88W9R",
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"secret_key": "dxaXZ8U90SXydYzyS5ivamEP20hkLSUViiaR+ZDA"
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}],
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"swift_keys": [],
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"caps": [],
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"op_mask": "read, write, delete",
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"default_placement": "",
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"placement_tags": [],
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"bucket_quota": {
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"enabled": false,
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"max_size_kb": -1,
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"max_objects": -1
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},
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"user_quota": {
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"enabled": false,
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"max_size_kb": -1,
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"max_objects": -1
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},
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"temp_url_keys": []
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}
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Create the secret key::
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sudo radosgw-admin key create --subuser=testuser:swift --key-type=swift --gen-secret
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The output will be something like the following::
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{
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"user_id": "testuser",
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"display_name": "First User",
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"email": "",
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"suspended": 0,
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"max_buckets": 1000,
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"subusers": [{
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"id": "testuser:swift",
|
|
"permissions": "full-control"
|
|
}],
|
|
"keys": [{
|
|
"user": "testuser:swift",
|
|
"access_key": "3Y1LNW4Q6X0Y53A52DET",
|
|
"secret_key": ""
|
|
}, {
|
|
"user": "testuser",
|
|
"access_key": "I0PJDPCIYZ665MW88W9R",
|
|
"secret_key": "dxaXZ8U90SXydYzyS5ivamEP20hkLSUViiaR+ZDA"
|
|
}],
|
|
"swift_keys": [{
|
|
"user": "testuser:swift",
|
|
"secret_key": "244+fz2gSqoHwR3lYtSbIyomyPHf3i7rgSJrF\/IA"
|
|
}],
|
|
"caps": [],
|
|
"op_mask": "read, write, delete",
|
|
"default_placement": "",
|
|
"placement_tags": [],
|
|
"bucket_quota": {
|
|
"enabled": false,
|
|
"max_size_kb": -1,
|
|
"max_objects": -1
|
|
},
|
|
"user_quota": {
|
|
"enabled": false,
|
|
"max_size_kb": -1,
|
|
"max_objects": -1
|
|
},
|
|
"temp_url_keys": []
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Access Verification
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Test S3 Access
|
|
""""""""""""""
|
|
|
|
You need to write and run a Python test script for verifying S3 access. The S3
|
|
access test script will connect to the ``radosgw``, create a new bucket and
|
|
list all buckets. The values for ``aws_access_key_id`` and
|
|
``aws_secret_access_key`` are taken from the values of ``access_key`` and
|
|
``secret_key`` returned by the ``radosgw-admin`` command.
|
|
|
|
Execute the following steps:
|
|
|
|
#. You will need to install the ``python-boto`` package::
|
|
|
|
sudo yum install python-boto
|
|
|
|
#. Create the Python script::
|
|
|
|
vi s3test.py
|
|
|
|
#. Add the following contents to the file::
|
|
|
|
import boto.s3.connection
|
|
|
|
access_key = 'I0PJDPCIYZ665MW88W9R'
|
|
secret_key = 'dxaXZ8U90SXydYzyS5ivamEP20hkLSUViiaR+ZDA'
|
|
conn = boto.connect_s3(
|
|
aws_access_key_id=access_key,
|
|
aws_secret_access_key=secret_key,
|
|
host='{hostname}', port={port},
|
|
is_secure=False, calling_format=boto.s3.connection.OrdinaryCallingFormat(),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
bucket = conn.create_bucket('my-new-bucket')
|
|
for bucket in conn.get_all_buckets():
|
|
print "{name} {created}".format(
|
|
name=bucket.name,
|
|
created=bucket.creation_date,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Replace ``{hostname}`` with the hostname of the host where you have
|
|
configured the gateway service i.e., the ``gateway host``. Replace ``{port}``
|
|
with the port number you are using with Civetweb.
|
|
|
|
#. Run the script::
|
|
|
|
python s3test.py
|
|
|
|
The output will be something like the following::
|
|
|
|
my-new-bucket 2015-02-16T17:09:10.000Z
|
|
|
|
Test swift access
|
|
"""""""""""""""""
|
|
|
|
Swift access can be verified via the ``swift`` command line client. The command
|
|
``man swift`` will provide more information on available command line options.
|
|
|
|
To install ``swift`` client, execute the following commands. On Red Hat
|
|
Enterprise Linux::
|
|
|
|
sudo yum install python-setuptools
|
|
sudo easy_install pip
|
|
sudo pip install --upgrade setuptools
|
|
sudo pip install --upgrade python-swiftclient
|
|
|
|
On Debian-based distributions::
|
|
|
|
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
|
|
sudo easy_install pip
|
|
sudo pip install --upgrade setuptools
|
|
sudo pip install --upgrade python-swiftclient
|
|
|
|
To test swift access, execute the following::
|
|
|
|
swift -A http://{IP ADDRESS}:{port}/auth/1.0 -U testuser:swift -K '{swift_secret_key}' list
|
|
|
|
Replace ``{IP ADDRESS}`` with the public IP address of the gateway server and
|
|
``{swift_secret_key}`` with its value from the output of ``radosgw-admin key
|
|
create`` command executed for the ``swift`` user. Replace {port} with the port
|
|
number you are using with Civetweb (e.g., ``7480`` is the default). If you
|
|
don't replace the port, it will default to port ``80``.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
swift -A http://10.19.143.116:7480/auth/1.0 -U testuser:swift -K '244+fz2gSqoHwR3lYtSbIyomyPHf3i7rgSJrF/IA' list
|
|
|
|
The output should be::
|
|
|
|
my-new-bucket
|
|
|
|
.. _Preflight: ../../start/quick-start-preflight
|
|
.. _HTTP Frontends: ../../radosgw/frontends
|