================================ CephFS Client Capabilities ================================ Use Ceph authentication capabilities to restrict your file system clients to the lowest possible level of authority needed. .. note:: Path restriction and layout modification restriction are new features in the Jewel release of Ceph. .. note:: Using Erasure Coded(EC) pools with CephFS is supported only with the BlueStore Backend. They cannot be used as metadata pools and overwrites must be enabled on the data pools. Path restriction ================ By default, clients are not restricted in what paths they are allowed to mount. Further, when clients mount a subdirectory, e.g., ``/home/user``, the MDS does not by default verify that subsequent operations are ‘locked’ within that directory. To restrict clients to only mount and work within a certain directory, use path-based MDS authentication capabilities. Note that this restriction *only* impacts the filesystem hierarchy -- the metadata tree managed by the MDS. Clients will still be able to access the underlying file data in RADOS directly. To segregate clients fully, you must also isolate untrusted clients in their own RADOS namespace. You can place a client's filesystem subtree in a particular namespace using `file layouts`_ and then restrict their RADOS access to that namespace using `OSD capabilities`_ .. _file layouts: ./file-layouts .. _OSD capabilities: ../rados/operations/user-management/#authorization-capabilities Syntax ------ To grant rw access to the specified directory only, we mention the specified directory while creating key for a client using the following syntax:: ceph fs authorize client. rw For example, to restrict client ``foo`` to writing only in the ``bar`` directory of file system ``cephfs_a``, use :: ceph fs authorize cephfs_a client.foo / r /bar rw results in: client.foo key: *key* caps: [mds] allow r, allow rw path=/bar caps: [mon] allow r caps: [osd] allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs_a To completely restrict the client to the ``bar`` directory, omit the root directory :: ceph fs authorize cephfs_a client.foo /bar rw Note that if a client's read access is restricted to a path, they will only be able to mount the file system when specifying a readable path in the mount command (see below). Supplying ``all`` or ``*`` as the file system name will grant access to every file system. Note that it is usually necessary to quote ``*`` to protect it from the shell. See `User Management - Add a User to a Keyring`_. for additional details on user management To restrict a client to the specified sub-directory only, we mention the specified directory while mounting using the following syntax:: ceph-fuse -n client. -r *directory_to_be_mounted* For example, to restrict client ``foo`` to ``mnt/bar`` directory, we will use:: ceph-fuse -n client.foo mnt -r /bar Free space reporting -------------------- By default, when a client is mounting a sub-directory, the used space (``df``) will be calculated from the quota on that sub-directory, rather than reporting the overall amount of space used on the cluster. If you would like the client to report the overall usage of the file system, and not just the quota usage on the sub-directory mounted, then set the following config option on the client:: client quota df = false If quotas are not enabled, or no quota is set on the sub-directory mounted, then the overall usage of the file system will be reported irrespective of the value of this setting. Layout and Quota restriction (the 'p' flag) =========================================== To set layouts or quotas, clients require the 'p' flag in addition to 'rw'. This restricts all the attributes that are set by special extended attributes with a "ceph." prefix, as well as restricting other means of setting these fields (such as openc operations with layouts). For example, in the following snippet client.0 can modify layouts and quotas on the file system cephfs_a, but client.1 cannot:: client.0 key: AQAz7EVWygILFRAAdIcuJ12opU/JKyfFmxhuaw== caps: [mds] allow rwp caps: [mon] allow r caps: [osd] allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs_a client.1 key: AQAz7EVWygILFRAAdIcuJ12opU/JKyfFmxhuaw== caps: [mds] allow rw caps: [mon] allow r caps: [osd] allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs_a Snapshot restriction (the 's' flag) =========================================== To create or delete snapshots, clients require the 's' flag in addition to 'rw'. Note that when capability string also contains the 'p' flag, the 's' flag must appear after it (all flags except 'rw' must be specified in alphabetical order). For example, in the following snippet client.0 can create or delete snapshots in the ``bar`` directory of file system ``cephfs_a``:: client.0 key: AQAz7EVWygILFRAAdIcuJ12opU/JKyfFmxhuaw== caps: [mds] allow rw, allow rws path=/bar caps: [mon] allow r caps: [osd] allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs_a .. _User Management - Add a User to a Keyring: ../../rados/operations/user-management/#add-a-user-to-a-keyring Network restriction =================== :: client.foo key: *key* caps: [mds] allow r network 10.0.0.0/8, allow rw path=/bar network 10.0.0.0/8 caps: [mon] allow r network 10.0.0.0/8 caps: [osd] allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs_a network 10.0.0.0/8 The optional ``{network/prefix}`` is a standard network name and prefix length in CIDR notation (e.g., ``10.3.0.0/16``). If present, the use of this capability is restricted to clients connecting from this network. .. _fs-authorize-multifs: File system Information Restriction =================================== If desired, the monitor cluster can present a limited view of the file systems available. In this case, the monitor cluster will only inform clients about file systems specified by the administrator. Other file systems will not be reported and commands affecting them will fail as if the file systems do not exist. Consider following example. The Ceph cluster has 2 FSs:: $ ceph fs ls name: cephfs, metadata pool: cephfs_metadata, data pools: [cephfs_data ] name: cephfs2, metadata pool: cephfs2_metadata, data pools: [cephfs2_data ] But we authorize client ``someuser`` for only one FS:: $ ceph fs authorize cephfs client.someuser / rw [client.someuser] key = AQAmthpf89M+JhAAiHDYQkMiCq3x+J0n9e8REQ== $ cat ceph.client.someuser.keyring [client.someuser] key = AQAmthpf89M+JhAAiHDYQkMiCq3x+J0n9e8REQ== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=cephfs" caps mon = "allow r fsname=cephfs" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs" And the client can only see the FS that it has authorization for:: $ ceph fs ls -n client.someuser -k ceph.client.someuser.keyring name: cephfs, metadata pool: cephfs_metadata, data pools: [cephfs_data ] Standby MDS daemons will always be displayed. Note that the information about restricted MDS daemons and file systems may become available by other means, such as ``ceph health detail``. MDS communication restriction ============================= By default, user applications may communicate with any MDS, whether or not they are allowed to modify data on an associated file system (see `Path restriction` above). Client's communication can be restricted to MDS daemons associated with particular file system(s) by adding MDS caps for that particular file system. Consider the following example where the Ceph cluster has 2 FSs:: $ ceph fs ls name: cephfs, metadata pool: cephfs_metadata, data pools: [cephfs_data ] name: cephfs2, metadata pool: cephfs2_metadata, data pools: [cephfs2_data ] Client ``someuser`` is authorized only for one FS:: $ ceph fs authorize cephfs client.someuser / rw [client.someuser] key = AQBPSARfg8hCJRAAEegIxjlm7VkHuiuntm6wsA== $ ceph auth get client.someuser > ceph.client.someuser.keyring exported keyring for client.someuser $ cat ceph.client.someuser.keyring [client.someuser] key = AQBPSARfg8hCJRAAEegIxjlm7VkHuiuntm6wsA== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=cephfs" caps mon = "allow r" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs" Mounting ``cephfs1`` with ``someuser`` works:: $ sudo ceph-fuse /mnt/cephfs1 -n client.someuser -k ceph.client.someuser.keyring --client-fs=cephfs ceph-fuse[96634]: starting ceph client ceph-fuse[96634]: starting fuse $ mount | grep ceph-fuse ceph-fuse on /mnt/cephfs1 type fuse.ceph-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other) But mounting ``cephfs2`` does not:: $ sudo ceph-fuse /mnt/cephfs2 -n client.someuser -k ceph.client.someuser.keyring --client-fs=cephfs2 ceph-fuse[96599]: starting ceph client ceph-fuse[96599]: ceph mount failed with (1) Operation not permitted Root squash =========== The ``root squash`` feature is implemented as a safety measure to prevent scenarios such as accidental ``sudo rm -rf /path``. You can enable ``root_squash`` mode in MDS caps to disallow clients with uid=0 or gid=0 to perform write access operations -- e.g., rm, rmdir, rmsnap, mkdir, mksnap. However, the mode allows the read operations of a root client unlike in other file systems. Following is an example of enabling root_squash in a filesystem except within '/volumes' directory tree in the filesystem:: $ ceph fs authorize a client.test_a / rw root_squash /volumes rw $ ceph auth get client.test_a [client.test_a] key = AQBZcDpfEbEUKxAADk14VflBXt71rL9D966mYA== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=a root_squash, allow rw fsname=a path=/volumes" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=a" Updating Capabilities using ``fs authorize`` ============================================ After Ceph's Reef version, ``fs authorize`` can not only be used to create a new client with caps for a CephFS but it can also be used to add new caps (for a another CephFS or another path in same FS) to an already existing client. Let's say we run following and create a new client:: $ ceph fs authorize a client.x / rw [client.x] key = AQAOtSVk9WWtIhAAJ3gSpsjwfIQ0gQ6vfSx/0w== $ ceph auth get client.x [client.x] key = AQAOtSVk9WWtIhAAJ3gSpsjwfIQ0gQ6vfSx/0w== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=a" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=a" Previously, running ``fs authorize a client.x / rw`` a second time used to print an error message. But after Reef, it instead prints message that there's not update:: $ ./bin/ceph fs authorize a client.x / rw no update for caps of client.x Adding New Caps Using ``fs authorize`` -------------------------------------- Users can now add caps for another path in same CephFS:: $ ceph fs authorize a client.x /dir1 rw updated caps for client.x $ ceph auth get client.x [client.x] key = AQAOtSVk9WWtIhAAJ3gSpsjwfIQ0gQ6vfSx/0w== caps mds = "allow r fsname=a, allow rw fsname=a path=some/dir" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=a" And even add caps for another CephFS on Ceph cluster:: $ ceph fs authorize b client.x / rw updated caps for client.x $ ceph auth get client.x [client.x] key = AQD6tiVk0uJdARAABMaQuLRotxTi3Qdj47FkBA== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=a, allow rw fsname=b" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a, allow r fsname=b" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=a, allow rw tag cephfs data=b" Changing rw permissions in caps ------------------------------- It's not possible to modify caps by running ``fs authorize`` except for the case when read/write permissions have to be changed. This is because the ``fs authorize`` becomes ambiguous. For example, user runs ``fs authorize cephfs1 client.x /dir1 rw`` to create a client and then runs ``fs authorize cephfs1 client.x /dir2 rw`` (notice ``/dir1`` is changed to ``/dir2``). Running second command can be interpreted as changing ``/dir1`` to ``/dir2`` in current cap or can also be interpreted as authorizing the client with a new cap for path ``/dir2``. As seen in previous sections, second interpretation is chosen and therefore it's impossible to update a part of capability granted except rw permissions. Following is how read/write permissions for ``client.x`` (that was created above) can be changed:: $ ceph fs authorize a client.x / r [client.x] key = AQBBKjBkIFhBDBAA6q5PmDDWaZtYjd+jafeVUQ== $ ceph auth get client.x [client.x] key = AQBBKjBkIFhBDBAA6q5PmDDWaZtYjd+jafeVUQ== caps mds = "allow r fsname=a" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a" caps osd = "allow r tag cephfs data=a" ``fs authorize`` never deducts any part of caps ----------------------------------------------- It's not possible to remove caps issued to a client by running ``fs authorize`` again. For example, if a client cap has ``root_squash`` applied on a certain CephFS, running ``fs authorize`` again for the same CephFS but without ``root_squash`` will not lead to any update, the client caps will remain unchanged:: $ ceph fs authorize a client.x / rw root_squash [client.x] key = AQD61CVkcA1QCRAAd0XYqPbHvcc+lpUAuc6Vcw== $ ceph auth get client.x [client.x] key = AQD61CVkcA1QCRAAd0XYqPbHvcc+lpUAuc6Vcw== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=a root_squash" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=a" $ ceph fs authorize a client.x / rw [client.x] key = AQD61CVkcA1QCRAAd0XYqPbHvcc+lpUAuc6Vcw== no update was performed for caps of client.x. caps of client.x remains unchanged. And if a client already has a caps for FS name ``a`` and path ``dir1``, running ``fs authorize`` again for FS name ``a`` but path ``dir2``, instead of modifying the caps client already holds, a new cap for ``dir2`` will be granted:: $ ceph fs authorize a client.x /dir1 rw $ ceph auth get client.x [client.x] key = AQC1tyVknMt+JxAAp0pVnbZGbSr/nJrmkMNKqA== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=a path=/dir1" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=a" $ ceph fs authorize a client.x /dir2 rw updated caps for client.x $ ceph auth get client.x [client.x] key = AQC1tyVknMt+JxAAp0pVnbZGbSr/nJrmkMNKqA== caps mds = "allow rw fsname=a path=dir1, allow rw fsname=a path=dir2" caps mon = "allow r fsname=a" caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=a"