Some libraries that Ceph uses are incorporated into the build tree
through a technique known as git subtrees. This is an alternative to
git submodules, which is also used in Ceph.

One such library is the dmclock library. Here are some basic notes on
the use of git subtrees.

When a subtree is added to the repo, commands such as these were run
from the top-level ceph directory:

    git subtree add --prefix src/dmclock \
	git@github.com:ceph/dmclock.git master --squash

That essentially brings in a full copy of the library into the
subdirectory src/dmclock, but squashes all the commits into a single
one.

If in time the library is updated and you'd like to bring the updates
in, you could run:

    git subtree pull --prefix src/dmclock \
        git@github.com:ceph/dmclock.git master --squash

WARNINGS

1. A rebase should NEVER include the commits by which a subtree is
added or pulled. Those commits do not include the prefix that was used
for the subtree add/pull, and therefore the commits are applied to the
wrong files or, more likely, to non-existant files. If something like
this must be done, a workable approach is to a) do an interactive
rebase, b) remove the commits for the former subtree add/pull, and
either c) replace those commits with executions (x/exec) of the
commands used to add/pull the subtrees, or d) do those commands from
the command-line by using (e/edit) on preceding commits.

2. If you'd like to modify the library contained in a subtree you'll
need to choose whether to just change your subtree and maintain those
differences into the future (until the library incorporates them) or,
if you're able, modify the library and use a "git subtree pull ..." to
bring them in.

3. If you modify the library within the ceph tree, then it's best not
to combine changes within the subtree and outside the subtree in a
single commit. Each commit should either only contain changes within
the subtree or outside the subtree. That gives you the option to
cleanly push those changes back to the library's repo. That way if you
ultimately decide to make the changes to the library, you can easily
remove the subtree commits.