ceph/src/ceph-disk

#!/usr/bin/python

import argparse
import errno
import logging
import os
import os.path
import platform
import re
import subprocess
import stat
import sys
import tempfile
import uuid
import lockfile

CEPH_OSD_ONDISK_MAGIC = 'ceph osd volume v026'

JOURNAL_UUID =         '45b0969e-9b03-4f30-b4c6-b4b80ceff106'
DMCRYPT_JOURNAL_UUID = '45b0969e-9b03-4f30-b4c6-5ec00ceff106'
OSD_UUID =             '4fbd7e29-9d25-41b8-afd0-062c0ceff05d'
DMCRYPT_OSD_UUID =     '4fbd7e29-9d25-41b8-afd0-5ec00ceff05d'
TOBE_UUID =            '89c57f98-2fe5-4dc0-89c1-f3ad0ceff2be'
DMCRYPT_TOBE_UUID =    '89c57f98-2fe5-4dc0-89c1-5ec00ceff2be'

DEFAULT_FS_TYPE = 'xfs'

MOUNT_OPTIONS = dict(
    btrfs='noatime,user_subvol_rm_allowed',
    # user_xattr is default ever since linux 2.6.39 / 3.0, but we'll
    # delay a moment before removing it fully because we did have some
    # issues with ext4 before the xatts-in-leveldb work, and it seemed
    # that user_xattr helped
    ext4='noatime,user_xattr',
    xfs='noatime',
    )

MKFS_ARGS = dict(
    btrfs=[
        '-m', 'single',
        '-l', '32768',
        '-n', '32768',
        ],
    xfs=[
        # xfs insists on not overwriting previous fs; even if we wipe
        # partition table, we often recreate it exactly the same way,
        # so we'll see ghosts of filesystems past
        '-f',
        '-i', 'size=2048',
        ],
    )

INIT_SYSTEMS = [
    'upstart',
    'sysvinit',
    'systemd',
    'auto',
    ]


LOG_NAME = __name__
if LOG_NAME == '__main__':
    LOG_NAME = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
LOG = logging.getLogger(LOG_NAME)

prepare_lock = lockfile.FileLock('/var/lib/ceph/tmp/ceph-disk.prepare.lock')
activate_lock = lockfile.FileLock('/var/lib/ceph/tmp/ceph-disk.activate.lock')

###### exceptions ########

class Error(Exception):
    """
    Error
    """

    def __str__(self):
        doc = self.__doc__.strip()
        return ': '.join([doc] + [str(a) for a in self.args])

class MountError(Error):
    """
    Mounting filesystem failed
    """

class UnmountError(Error):
    """
    Unmounting filesystem failed
    """

class BadMagicError(Error):
    """
    Does not look like a Ceph OSD, or incompatible version
    """

class TruncatedLineError(Error):
    """
    Line is truncated
    """

class TooManyLinesError(Error):
    """
    Too many lines
    """

class FilesystemTypeError(Error):
    """
    Cannot discover filesystem type
    """


####### utils


def maybe_mkdir(*a, **kw):
    """
    Creates a new directory if it doesn't exist, removes 
    existing symlink before creating the directory.
    """
    # remove any symlink, if it is there..
    if os.path.exists(*a) and stat.S_ISLNK(os.lstat(*a).st_mode):
        LOG.debug('Removing old symlink at %s', *a)
        os.unlink(*a)
    try:
        os.mkdir(*a, **kw)
    except OSError, e:
        if e.errno == errno.EEXIST:
            pass
        else:
            raise


def list_all_partitions():
    """
    Return a list of devices and partitions
    """
    dev_part_list = {}
    for name in os.listdir('/dev/disk/by-path'):
        target = os.readlink(os.path.join('/dev/disk/by-path', name))
        dev = target.split('/')[-1]
        #print "name %s target %s dev %s" % (name, target, dev)
        (baser) = re.search('(.*)-part\d+$', name)
        if baser is not None:
            basename = baser.group(1)
            #print 'basename %s' % basename
            base = os.readlink(os.path.join('/dev/disk/by-path', basename)).split('/')[-1]
            if base not in dev_part_list:
                dev_part_list[base] = []
            dev_part_list[base].append(dev)
        else:
            if dev not in dev_part_list:
                dev_part_list[dev] = []
    return dev_part_list


def list_partitions(disk):
    """
    Return a list of partitions on the given device
    """
    disk = os.path.realpath(disk)
    assert not is_partition(disk)
    assert disk.startswith('/dev/')
    base = disk[5:]
    partitions = []
    with file('/proc/partitions', 'rb') as proc_partitions:
        for line in proc_partitions.read().split('\n')[2:]:
            fields = re.split('\s+', line)
            if len(fields) < 5:
                continue
            name = fields [4]
            if name != base and name.startswith(base):
                partitions.append('/dev/' + name)
    return partitions


def is_partition(dev):
    """
    Check whether a given device is a partition or a full disk.
    """
    dev = os.path.realpath(dev)
    if not stat.S_ISBLK(os.lstat(dev).st_mode):
        raise Error('not a block device', dev)

    # we can't tell just from the name of the device if it is a
    # partition or not.  look in the by-path dir and see if the
    # referring symlink ends in -partNNN.
    name = dev.split('/')[-1]
    for name in os.listdir('/dev/disk/by-path'):
        target = os.readlink(os.path.join('/dev/disk/by-path', name))
        cdev = target.split('/')[-1]
        if '/dev/' + cdev != dev:
            continue
        (baser) = re.search('(.*)-part\d+$', name)
        if baser is not None:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    # hrm, don't know...
    return False


def is_mounted(dev):
    """
    Check if the given device is mounted.
    """
    dev = os.path.realpath(dev)
    with file('/proc/mounts', 'rb') as proc_mounts:
        for line in proc_mounts:
            fields = line.split()
            if len(fields) < 3:
                continue
            mounts_dev = fields[0]
            path = fields[1]
            if mounts_dev.startswith('/') and os.path.exists(mounts_dev):
                mounts_dev = os.path.realpath(mounts_dev)
                if mounts_dev == dev:
                    return path
    return None


def is_held(dev):
    """
    Check if a device is held by another device (e.g., a dm-crypt mapping)
    """
    assert os.path.exists(dev)
    dev = os.path.realpath(dev)
    base = dev[5:]
    disk = base
    while disk[-1].isdigit():
        disk = disk[:-1]
    directory = '/sys/block/{disk}/{base}/holders'.format(disk=disk, base=base)
    if not os.path.exists(directory):
        return []
    return os.listdir(directory)


def verify_not_in_use(dev):
    """
    Verify if a given device (path) is in use (e.g. mounted or
    in use by device-mapper).

    :raises: Error if device is in use.
    """
    assert os.path.exists(dev)
    if is_partition(dev):
        if is_mounted(dev):
            raise Error('Device is mounted', dev)
        holders = is_held(dev)
        if holders:
            raise Error('Device is in use by a device-mapper mapping (dm-crypt?)' % dev, ','.join(holders))
    else:
        for partition in list_partitions(dev):
            if is_mounted(partition):
                raise Error('Device is mounted', partition)
            holders = is_held(partition)
            if holders:
                raise Error('Device %s is in use by a device-mapper mapping (dm-crypt?)' % partition, ','.join(holders))


def must_be_one_line(line):
    """
    Checks if given line is really one single line.

    :raises: TruncatedLineError or TooManyLinesError
    :return: Content of the line, or None if line isn't valid.
    """
    if line[-1:] != '\n':
        raise TruncatedLineError(line)
    line = line[:-1]
    if '\n' in line:
        raise TooManyLinesError(line)
    return line


def read_one_line(parent, name):
    """
    Read a file whose sole contents are a single line.

    Strips the newline.

    :return: Contents of the line, or None if file did not exist.
    """
    path = os.path.join(parent, name)
    try:
        line = file(path, 'rb').read()
    except IOError as e:
        if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
            return None
        else:
            raise

    try:
        line = must_be_one_line(line)
    except (TruncatedLineError, TooManyLinesError) as e:
        raise Error('File is corrupt: {path}: {msg}'.format(
                path=path,
                msg=e,
                ))
    return line


def write_one_line(parent, name, text):
    """
    Write a file whose sole contents are a single line.

    Adds a newline.
    """
    path = os.path.join(parent, name)
    tmp = '{path}.{pid}.tmp'.format(path=path, pid=os.getpid())
    with file(tmp, 'wb') as tmp_file:
        tmp_file.write(text + '\n')
        os.fsync(tmp_file.fileno())
    os.rename(tmp, path)


def check_osd_magic(path):
    """
    Check that this path has the Ceph OSD magic.

    :raises: BadMagicError if this does not look like a Ceph OSD data
    dir.
    """
    magic = read_one_line(path, 'magic')
    if magic is None:
        # probably not mkfs'ed yet
        raise BadMagicError(path)
    if magic != CEPH_OSD_ONDISK_MAGIC:
        raise BadMagicError(path)


def check_osd_id(osd_id):
    """
    Ensures osd id is numeric.
    """
    if not re.match(r'^[0-9]+$', osd_id):
        raise Error('osd id is not numeric')


def allocate_osd_id(
    cluster,
    fsid,
    keyring,
    ):
    """
    Accocates an OSD id on the given cluster.

    :raises: Error if the call to allocate the OSD id fails.
    :return: The allocated OSD id.
    """

    LOG.debug('Allocating OSD id...')
    try:
        osd_id = _check_output(
            args=[
                '/usr/bin/ceph',
                '--cluster', cluster,
                '--name', 'client.bootstrap-osd',
                '--keyring', keyring,
                'osd', 'create', '--concise',
                fsid,
                ],
            )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise Error('ceph osd create failed', e)
    osd_id = must_be_one_line(osd_id)
    check_osd_id(osd_id)
    return osd_id


def get_osd_id(path):
    """
    Gets the OSD id of the OSD at the given path.
    """
    osd_id = read_one_line(path, 'whoami')
    if osd_id is not None:
        check_osd_id(osd_id)
    return osd_id


def _check_output(*args, **kwargs):
    process = subprocess.Popen(
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        *args, **kwargs)
    out, _ = process.communicate()
    ret = process.wait()
    if ret:
        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
        if cmd is None:
            cmd = args[0]
        #raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(ret, cmd, output=out)
        error = subprocess.CalledProcessError(ret, cmd)
        error.output = out
        raise error
    return out


def get_conf(cluster, variable):
    """
    Get the value of the given configuration variable from the 
    cluster.

    :raises: Error if call to ceph-conf fails.
    :return: The variable value or None.
    """
    try:
        process = subprocess.Popen(
            args=[
                '/usr/bin/ceph-conf',
                '--cluster={cluster}'.format(
                    cluster=cluster,
                    ),
                '--name=osd.',
                '--lookup',
                variable,
                ],
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            close_fds=True,
            )
    except OSError as e:
        raise Error('error executing ceph-conf', e)
    (out, _err) = process.communicate()
    ret = process.wait()
    if ret == 1:
        # config entry not found
        return None
    elif ret != 0:
        raise Error('getting variable from configuration failed')
    value = str(out).split('\n', 1)[0]
    # don't differentiate between "var=" and no var set
    if not value:
        return None
    return value


def get_conf_with_default(cluster, variable):
    """
    Get a config value that is known to the C++ code.

    This will fail if called on variables that are not defined in
    common config options.
    """
    try:
        out = _check_output(
            args=[
                'ceph-osd',
                '--cluster={cluster}'.format(
                    cluster=cluster,
                    ),
                '--show-config-value={variable}'.format(
                    variable=variable,
                    ),
                ],
            close_fds=True,
            )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise Error(
            'getting variable from configuration failed',
            e,
            )

    value = str(out).split('\n', 1)[0]
    return value


def get_fsid(cluster):
    """
    Get the fsid of the cluster.

    :return: The fsid or raises Error.
    """
    fsid = get_conf(cluster=cluster, variable='fsid')
    if fsid is None:
        raise Error('getting cluster uuid from configuration failed')
    return fsid


def get_or_create_dmcrypt_key(
    _uuid,
    key_dir,
    ):
    """
    Get path to dmcrypt key or create a new key file.

    :return: Path to the dmcrypt key file.
    """
    path = os.path.join(key_dir, _uuid)

    # already have it?
    if os.path.exists(path):
        return path

    # make a new key
    try:
        if not os.path.exists(key_dir):
            os.makedirs(key_dir)
        with file('/dev/urandom', 'rb') as i:
            key = i.read(256)
            with file(path, 'wb') as key_file:
                key_file.write(key)
        return path
    except:
        raise Error('unable to read or create dm-crypt key', path)


def dmcrypt_map(
    rawdev,
    keypath,
    _uuid,
    ):
    """
    Maps a device to a dmcrypt device.

    :return: Path to the dmcrypt device.
    """
    dev = '/dev/mapper/'+ _uuid
    args = [
        'cryptsetup',
        '--key-file',
        keypath,
        '--key-size', '256',
        'create',
        _uuid,
        rawdev,
        ]
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(args)
        return dev

    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise Error('unable to map device', rawdev, e)


def dmcrypt_unmap(
    _uuid
    ):
    """
    Removes the dmcrypt device with the given UUID.
    """
    args = [
        'cryptsetup',
        'remove',
        _uuid
    ]

    try:
        subprocess.check_call(args)

    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise Error('unable to unmap device', _uuid, e)


def mount(
    dev,
    fstype,
    options,
    ):
    """
    Mounts a device with given filessystem type and 
    mount options to a tempfile path under /var/lib/ceph/tmp.
    """
    # pick best-of-breed mount options based on fs type
    if options is None:
        options = MOUNT_OPTIONS.get(fstype, '')

    # mount
    path = tempfile.mkdtemp(
        prefix='mnt.',
        dir='/var/lib/ceph/tmp',
        )
    try:
        LOG.debug('Mounting %s on %s with options %s', dev, path, options)
        subprocess.check_call(
            args=[
                'mount',
                '-o', options,
                '--',
                dev,
                path,
                ],
            )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        try:
            os.rmdir(path)
        except (OSError, IOError):
            pass
        raise MountError(e)

    return path


def unmount(
    path,
    ):
    """
    Unmount and removes the given mount point.
    """
    try:
        LOG.debug('Unmounting %s', path)
        subprocess.check_call(
            args=[
                '/bin/umount',
                '--',
                path,
                ],
            )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise UnmountError(e)

    os.rmdir(path)


###########################################


def get_free_partition_index(dev):
    """
    Get the next free partition index on a given device.

    :return: Index number (> 1 if there is already a partition on the device)
    or 1 if there is no partition table.
    """
    try:
        lines = _check_output(
            args=[
                'parted',
                '--machine',
                '--',
                dev,
                'print',
                ],
            )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print 'cannot read partition index; assume it isn\'t present\n (Error: %s)' % e
        return 1

    if not lines:
        raise Error('parted failed to output anything')
    lines = str(lines).splitlines(True)

    if lines[0] not in ['CHS;\n', 'CYL;\n', 'BYT;\n']:
        raise Error('weird parted units', lines[0])
    del lines[0]

    if not lines[0].startswith('/dev/'):
        raise Error('weird parted disk entry', lines[0])
    del lines[0]

    seen = set()
    for line in lines:
        idx, _ = line.split(':', 1)
        idx = int(idx)
        seen.add(idx)

    num = 1
    while num in seen:
        num += 1
    return num


def zap(dev):
    """
    Destroy the partition table and content of a given disk.
    """
    try:
        LOG.debug('Zapping partition table on %s', dev)

        # try to wipe out any GPT partition table backups.  sgdisk
        # isn't too thorough.
        lba_size = 4096
        size = 33 * lba_size
        with file(dev, 'wb') as dev_file:
            dev_file.seek(-size, os.SEEK_END)
            dev_file.write(size*'\0')

        subprocess.check_call(
            args=[
                'sgdisk',
                '--zap-all',
                '--clear',
                '--mbrtogpt',
                '--',
                dev,
                ],
            )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise Error(e)


def get_udev_version():
    version = _check_output(
        args=[
            'udevadm',
            '--version',
        ],
    )   
    return int(version)


def prepare_journal_dev(
    data,
    journal,
    journal_size,
    journal_uuid,
    journal_dm_keypath,
    ):

    if is_partition(journal):
        LOG.debug('Journal %s is a partition', journal)
        LOG.warning('OSD will not be hot-swappable if journal is not the same device as the osd data')
        return (journal, None, None)

    ptype = JOURNAL_UUID
    if journal_dm_keypath:
        ptype = DMCRYPT_JOURNAL_UUID

    # it is a whole disk.  create a partition!
    num = None
    if journal == data:
        # we're sharing the disk between osd data and journal;
        # make journal be partition number 2, so it's pretty
        num = 2
        journal_part = '{num}:0:{size}M'.format(
            num=num,
            size=journal_size,
            )
    else:
        # sgdisk has no way for me to say "whatever is the next
        # free index number" when setting type guids etc, so we
        # need to awkwardly look up the next free number, and then
        # fix that in the call -- and hope nobody races with us;
        # then again nothing guards the partition table from races
        # anyway
        num = get_free_partition_index(dev=journal)
        journal_part = '{num}:0:+{size}M'.format(
            num=num,
            size=journal_size,
            )
        LOG.warning('OSD will not be hot-swappable if journal is not the same device as the osd data')

    try:
        LOG.debug('Creating journal partition num %d size %d on %s', num, journal_size, journal)
        subprocess.check_call(
            args=[
                'sgdisk',
                '--new={part}'.format(part=journal_part),
                '--change-name={num}:ceph journal'.format(num=num),
                '--partition-guid={num}:{journal_uuid}'.format(
                    num=num,
                    journal_uuid=journal_uuid,
                    ),
                '--typecode={num}:{uuid}'.format(
                    num=num,
                    uuid=ptype,
                    ),
                '--',
                journal,
                ],
            )
        subprocess.call(
            args=[
                # wait for udev event queue to clear
                'udevadm',
                'settle',
                '--timeout=10',
                ],
            )
        subprocess.check_call(
            args=[
                # also make sure the kernel refreshes the new table
                'partprobe',
                journal,
                ],
            )

        if get_udev_version() >= 172:
            journal_symlink = '/dev/disk/by-partuuid/{journal_uuid}'.format(
                journal_uuid=journal_uuid,
                )
        else:
            # udev prior to version 172 doesn't create by-partuuid directory
            # use by-path symlink instead.  This is the third symlink returned
            # by udevadm when queried.
            LOG.debug('Using alternate persistant name for journal symlink')
            symlinks = _check_output(
                args=[
                    'udevadm',
                    'info',
                    '--query=symlink',
                    '--name={name}'.format(name=os.path.basename(journal)),
                    ],
                )   
            journal_symlink='/dev/{symlink}-part{num}'.format(symlink=symlinks.split()[2], num=num)

        journal_dmcrypt = None
        if journal_dm_keypath:
            journal_dmcrypt = journal_symlink
            journal_symlink = '/dev/mapper/{uuid}'.format(uuid=journal_uuid)

        LOG.debug('Journal is GPT partition %s', journal_symlink)
        return (journal_symlink, journal_dmcrypt, journal_uuid)

    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise Error(e)


def prepare_journal_file(
    journal,
    journal_size):

    if not os.path.exists(journal):
        LOG.debug('Creating journal file %s with size %dM', journal, journal_size)
        with file(journal, 'wb') as journal_file:
            journal_file.truncate(journal_size * 1048576)

    # FIXME: should we resize an existing journal file?

    LOG.debug('Journal is file %s', journal)
    LOG.warning('OSD will not be hot-swappable if journal is not the same device as the osd data')
    return (journal, None, None)


def prepare_journal(
    data,
    journal,
    journal_size,
    journal_uuid,
    force_file,
    force_dev,
    journal_dm_keypath,
    ):

    if journal is None:
        if force_dev:
            raise Error('Journal is unspecified; not a block device')
        return (None, None, None)

    if not os.path.exists(journal):
        if force_dev:
            raise Error('Journal does not exist; not a block device', journal)
        return prepare_journal_file(journal, journal_size)

    jmode = os.stat(journal).st_mode
    if stat.S_ISREG(jmode):
        if force_dev:
            raise Error('Journal is not a block device', journal)
        return prepare_journal_file(journal, journal_size)

    if stat.S_ISBLK(jmode):
        if force_file:
            raise Error('Journal is not a regular file', journal)
        return prepare_journal_dev(data, journal, journal_size, journal_uuid, journal_dm_keypath)

    raise Error('Journal %s is neither a block device nor regular file', journal)


def adjust_symlink(target, path):
    create = True
    if os.path.lexists(path):
        try:
            mode = os.lstat(path).st_mode
            if stat.S_ISREG(mode):
                LOG.debug('Removing old file %s', path)
                os.unlink(path)
            elif stat.S_ISLNK(mode):
                old = os.readlink(path)
                if old != target:
                    LOG.debug('Removing old symlink %s -> %s', path, old)
                    os.unlink(path)
                else:
                    create = False
        except:
            raise Error('unable to remove (or adjust) old file (symlink)', path)
    if create:
        LOG.debug('Creating symlink %s -> %s', path, target)
        try:
            os.symlink(target, path)
        except:
            raise Error('unable to create symlink %s -> %s' % (path, target))

def prepare_dir(
    path,
    journal,
    cluster_uuid,
    osd_uuid,
    journal_uuid,
    journal_dmcrypt = None,
    ):
    LOG.debug('Preparing osd data dir %s', path)

    if osd_uuid is None:
        osd_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())

    if journal is not None:
        # we're using an external journal; point to it here
        adjust_symlink(journal, os.path.join(path, 'journal'))

    if journal_dmcrypt is not None:
        adjust_symlink(journal_dmcrypt, os.path.join(path, 'journal_dmcrypt'))
    else:
        try:
            os.unlink(os.path.join(path, 'journal_dmcrypt'))
        except OSError:
            pass

    write_one_line(path, 'ceph_fsid', cluster_uuid)
    write_one_line(path, 'fsid', osd_uuid)
    write_one_line(path, 'magic', CEPH_OSD_ONDISK_MAGIC)

    if journal_uuid is not None:
        # i.e., journal is a tagged partition
        write_one_line(path, 'journal_uuid', journal_uuid)

def prepare_dev(
    data,
    journal,
    fstype,
    mkfs_args,
    mount_options,
    cluster_uuid,
    osd_uuid,
    journal_uuid,
    journal_dmcrypt,
    osd_dm_keypath,
    ):
    """
    Prepare a data/journal combination to be used for an OSD.

    The ``magic`` file is written last, so it's presence is a reliable
    indicator of the whole sequence having completed.

    WARNING: This will unconditionally overwrite anything given to
    it.
    """

    ptype_tobe = TOBE_UUID
    ptype_osd = OSD_UUID
    if osd_dm_keypath:
        ptype_tobe = DMCRYPT_TOBE_UUID
        ptype_osd = DMCRYPT_OSD_UUID

    rawdev = None
    if is_partition(data):
        LOG.debug('OSD data device %s is a partition', data)
        rawdev = data
    else:
        LOG.debug('Creating osd partition on %s', data)
        try:
            subprocess.check_call(
                args=[
                    'sgdisk',
                    '--largest-new=1',
                    '--change-name=1:ceph data',
                    '--partition-guid=1:{osd_uuid}'.format(
                        osd_uuid=osd_uuid,
                        ),
                    '--typecode=1:%s' % ptype_tobe,
                    '--',
                    data,
                    ],
                )
            subprocess.call(
                args=[
                    # wait for udev event queue to clear
                    'udevadm',
                    'settle',
                    '--timeout=10',
                    ],
                )
            subprocess.check_call(
                args=[
                    # also make sure the kernel refreshes the new table
                    'partprobe',
                    data,
                    ],
                )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise Error(e)

        rawdev = '{data}1'.format(data=data)

    dev = None
    if osd_dm_keypath:
        dev = dmcrypt_map(rawdev, osd_dm_keypath, osd_uuid)
    else:
        dev = rawdev

    try:
        args = [
            'mkfs',
            '-t',
            fstype,
            ]
        if mkfs_args is not None:
            args.extend(mkfs_args.split())
            if fstype == 'xfs':
                args.extend(['-f'])  # always force
        else:
            args.extend(MKFS_ARGS.get(fstype, []))
        args.extend([
                '--',
                dev,
                ])
        try:
            LOG.debug('Creating %s fs on %s', fstype, dev)
            subprocess.check_call(args=args)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise Error(e)

        #remove whitespaces from mount_options
        if mount_options is not None:
            mount_options = "".join(mount_options.split())

        path = mount(dev=dev, fstype=fstype, options=mount_options)

        try:
            prepare_dir(
                path=path,
                journal=journal,
                cluster_uuid=cluster_uuid,
                osd_uuid=osd_uuid,
                journal_uuid=journal_uuid,
                journal_dmcrypt=journal_dmcrypt,
                )
        finally:
            unmount(path)
    finally:
        if rawdev != dev:
            dmcrypt_unmap(osd_uuid)

    if not is_partition(data):
        try:
            subprocess.check_call(
                args=[
                    'sgdisk',
                    '--typecode=1:%s' % ptype_osd,
                    '--',
                    data,
                    ],
                )
            subprocess.call(
                args=[
                    # wait for udev event queue to clear
                    'udevadm',
                    'settle',
                    '--timeout=10',
                    ],
                )
            subprocess.check_call(
                args=[
                    # also make sure the kernel refreshes the new table
                    'partprobe',
                    data,
                    ],
                )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise Error(e)


def main_prepare(args):
    journal_dm_keypath = None
    osd_dm_keypath = None

    try:
        prepare_lock.acquire()
        if not os.path.exists(args.data):
            raise Error('data path does not exist', args.data)

        # in use?
        dmode = os.stat(args.data).st_mode
        if stat.S_ISBLK(dmode):
            verify_not_in_use(args.data)

        if args.journal and os.path.exists(args.journal):
            jmode = os.stat(args.journal).st_mode
            if stat.S_ISBLK(jmode):
                verify_not_in_use(args.journal)

        if args.zap_disk is not None:
            if stat.S_ISBLK(dmode) and not is_partition(args.data):
                zap(args.data)
            else:
                raise Error('not full block device; cannot zap', args.data)

        if args.cluster_uuid is None:
            args.cluster_uuid = get_fsid(cluster=args.cluster)
            if args.cluster_uuid is None:
                raise Error(
                    'must have fsid in config or pass --cluster--uuid=',
                    )

        if args.fs_type is None:
            args.fs_type = get_conf(
                cluster=args.cluster,
                variable='osd_mkfs_type',
                )
            if args.fs_type is None:
                args.fs_type = get_conf(
                    cluster=args.cluster,
                    variable='osd_fs_type',
                    )
            if args.fs_type is None:
                args.fs_type = DEFAULT_FS_TYPE

        mkfs_args = get_conf(
            cluster=args.cluster,
            variable='osd_mkfs_options_{fstype}'.format(
                fstype=args.fs_type,
                ),
            )
        if mkfs_args is None:
            mkfs_args = get_conf(
                cluster=args.cluster,
                variable='osd_fs_mkfs_options_{fstype}'.format(
                    fstype=args.fs_type,
                    ),
                )

        mount_options = get_conf(
            cluster=args.cluster,
            variable='osd_mount_options_{fstype}'.format(
                fstype=args.fs_type,
                ),
            )
        if mount_options is None:
            mount_options = get_conf(
                cluster=args.cluster,
                variable='osd_fs_mount_options_{fstype}'.format(
                    fstype=args.fs_type,
                    ),
                )

        journal_size = get_conf_with_default(
            cluster=args.cluster,
            variable='osd_journal_size',
            )
        journal_size = int(journal_size)

        # colocate journal with data?
        if stat.S_ISBLK(dmode) and not is_partition(args.data) and args.journal is None and args.journal_file is None:
            LOG.info('Will colocate journal with data on %s', args.data)
            args.journal = args.data

        if args.journal_uuid is None:
            args.journal_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
        if args.osd_uuid is None:
            args.osd_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())

        # dm-crypt keys?
        if args.dmcrypt:
            journal_dm_keypath = get_or_create_dmcrypt_key(args.journal_uuid, args.dmcrypt_key_dir)
            osd_dm_keypath = get_or_create_dmcrypt_key(args.osd_uuid, args.dmcrypt_key_dir)

        # prepare journal
        (journal_symlink, journal_dmcrypt, journal_uuid) = prepare_journal(
            data=args.data,
            journal=args.journal,
            journal_size=journal_size,
            journal_uuid=args.journal_uuid,
            force_file=args.journal_file,
            force_dev=args.journal_dev,
            journal_dm_keypath=journal_dm_keypath,
            )

        # prepare data
        if stat.S_ISDIR(dmode):
            if args.data_dev:
                raise Error('data path is not a block device', args.data)
            prepare_dir(
                path=args.data,
                journal=journal_symlink,
                cluster_uuid=args.cluster_uuid,
                osd_uuid=args.osd_uuid,
                journal_uuid=journal_uuid,
                journal_dmcrypt=journal_dmcrypt,
                )
        elif stat.S_ISBLK(dmode):
            if args.data_dir:
                raise Error('data path is not a directory', args.data)
            prepare_dev(
                data=args.data,
                journal=journal_symlink,
                fstype=args.fs_type,
                mkfs_args=mkfs_args,
                mount_options=mount_options,
                cluster_uuid=args.cluster_uuid,
                osd_uuid=args.osd_uuid,
                journal_uuid=journal_uuid,
                journal_dmcrypt=journal_dmcrypt,
                osd_dm_keypath=osd_dm_keypath,
                )
        else:
            raise Error('not a dir or block device', args.data)
        prepare_lock.release()

    except Error as e:
        if journal_dm_keypath:
            os.unlink(journal_dm_keypath)
        if osd_dm_keypath:
            os.unlink(osd_dm_keypath)
        prepare_lock.release()
        raise e


###########################


def mkfs(
    path,
    cluster,
    osd_id,
    fsid,
    keyring,
    ):
    monmap = os.path.join(path, 'activate.monmap')
    subprocess.check_call(
        args=[
            '/usr/bin/ceph',
            '--cluster', cluster,
            '--name', 'client.bootstrap-osd',
            '--keyring', keyring,
            'mon', 'getmap', '-o', monmap,
            ],
        )

    subprocess.check_call(
        args=[
            '/usr/bin/ceph-osd',
            '--cluster', cluster,
            '--mkfs',
            '--mkkey',
            '-i', osd_id,
            '--monmap', monmap,
            '--osd-data', path,
            '--osd-journal', os.path.join(path, 'journal'),
            '--osd-uuid', fsid,
            '--keyring', os.path.join(path, 'keyring'),
            ],
        )
    # TODO ceph-osd --mkfs removes the monmap file?
    # os.unlink(monmap)


def auth_key(
    path,
    cluster,
    osd_id,
    keyring,
    ):
    subprocess.check_call(
        args=[
            '/usr/bin/ceph',
            '--cluster', cluster,
            '--name', 'client.bootstrap-osd',
            '--keyring', keyring,
            'auth', 'add', 'osd.{osd_id}'.format(osd_id=osd_id),
            '-i', os.path.join(path, 'keyring'),
            'osd', 'allow *',
            'mon', 'allow rwx',
            ],
        )


def move_mount(
    path,
    cluster,
    osd_id,
    ):
    LOG.debug('Moving mount to final location...')
    parent = '/var/lib/ceph/osd'
    osd_data = os.path.join(
        parent,
        '{cluster}-{osd_id}'.format(cluster=cluster, osd_id=osd_id),
        )
    maybe_mkdir(osd_data)
    subprocess.check_call(
        args=[
            '/bin/mount',
            '--move',
            '--',
            path,
            osd_data,
            ],
        )


def start_daemon(
    cluster,
    osd_id,
    ):
    LOG.debug('Starting %s osd.%s...', cluster, osd_id)

    path = '/var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster}-{osd_id}'.format(
        cluster=cluster, osd_id=osd_id)

    # upstart?
    try:
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path,'upstart')):
            subprocess.check_call(
                args=[
                    '/sbin/initctl',
                    # use emit, not start, because start would fail if the
                    # instance was already running
                    'emit',
                    # since the daemon starting doesn't guarantee much about
                    # the service being operational anyway, don't bother
                    # waiting for it
                    '--no-wait',
                    '--',
                    'ceph-osd',
                    'cluster={cluster}'.format(cluster=cluster),
                    'id={osd_id}'.format(osd_id=osd_id),
                    ],
                )
        elif os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, 'sysvinit')):
            if os.path.exists('/usr/sbin/service'):
                svc = '/usr/sbin/service'
            else:
                svc = '/sbin/service'
            subprocess.check_call(
                args=[
                    svc,
                    'ceph',
                    'start',
                    'osd.{osd_id}'.format(osd_id=osd_id),
                    ],
                )
        else:
            raise Error('{cluster} osd.{osd_id} is not tagged with an init system'.format(
                    cluster=cluster,
                    osd_id=osd_id,
                    ))
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise Error('ceph osd start failed', e)

def detect_fstype(
    dev,
    ):
    fstype = _check_output(
        args=[
            '/sbin/blkid',
            # we don't want stale cached results
            '-p',
            '-s', 'TYPE',
            '-o' 'value',
            '--',
            dev,
            ],
        )
    fstype = must_be_one_line(fstype)
    return fstype


def mount_activate(
    dev,
    activate_key_template,
    init,
    ):

    try:
        fstype = detect_fstype(dev=dev)
    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError,
            TruncatedLineError,
            TooManyLinesError) as e:
        raise FilesystemTypeError(
            'device {dev}'.format(dev=dev),
            e,
            )

    # TODO always using mount options from cluster=ceph for
    # now; see http://tracker.newdream.net/issues/3253
    mount_options = get_conf(
        cluster='ceph',
        variable='osd_mount_options_{fstype}'.format(
            fstype=fstype,
            ),
        )

    if mount_options is None:
        mount_options = get_conf(
            cluster='ceph',
            variable='osd_fs_mount_options_{fstype}'.format(
                fstype=fstype,
                ),
            )

    #remove whitespaces from mount_options
    if mount_options is not None:
        mount_options = "".join(mount_options.split())

    path = mount(dev=dev, fstype=fstype, options=mount_options)

    osd_id = None
    cluster = None
    try:
        (osd_id, cluster) = activate(path, activate_key_template, init)

        # check if the disk is already active, or if something else is already
        # mounted there
        active = False
        other = False
        src_dev = os.stat(path).st_dev
        try:
            dst_dev = os.stat('/var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster}-{osd_id}'.format(
                    cluster=cluster,
                    osd_id=osd_id)).st_dev
            if src_dev == dst_dev:
                active = True
            else:
                parent_dev = os.stat('/var/lib/ceph/osd').st_dev
                if dst_dev != parent_dev:
                    other = True
        except OSError:
            pass
        if active:
            LOG.info('%s osd.%s already mounted in position; unmounting ours.' % (cluster, osd_id))
            unmount(path)
        elif other:
            raise Error('another %s osd.%s already mounted in position (old/different cluster instance?); unmounting ours.' % (cluster, osd_id))
        else:
            move_mount(
                path=path,
                cluster=cluster,
                osd_id=osd_id,
                )
        return (cluster, osd_id)

    except:
        LOG.error('Failed to activate')
        unmount(path)
        raise
    finally:
        # remove our temp dir
        if os.path.exists(path):
            os.rmdir(path)


def activate_dir(
    path,
    activate_key_template,
    init,
    ):

    if not os.path.exists(path):
        raise Error(
            'directory %s does not exist' % path
            )

    (osd_id, cluster) = activate(path, activate_key_template, init)
    canonical = '/var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster}-{osd_id}'.format(
        cluster=cluster,
        osd_id=osd_id)
    if path != canonical:
        # symlink it from the proper location
        create = True
        if os.path.lexists(canonical):
            old = os.readlink(canonical)
            if old != path:
                LOG.debug('Removing old symlink %s -> %s', canonical, old)
                try:
                    os.unlink(canonical)
                except:
                    raise Error('unable to remove old symlink %s', canonical)
            else:
                create = False
        if create:
            LOG.debug('Creating symlink %s -> %s', canonical, path)
            try:
                os.symlink(path, canonical)
            except:
                raise Error('unable to create symlink %s -> %s', canonical, path)

    return (cluster, osd_id)


def find_cluster_by_uuid(_uuid):
    """
    Find a cluster name by searching /etc/ceph/*.conf for a conf file
    with the right uuid.
    """
    no_fsid = []
    if not os.path.exists('/etc/ceph'):
        return None
    for conf_file in os.listdir('/etc/ceph'):
        if not conf_file.endswith('.conf'):
            continue
        cluster = conf_file[:-5]
        fsid = get_conf(cluster, 'fsid')
        if fsid is None:
            no_fsid.append(cluster)
        elif fsid == _uuid:
            return cluster
    # be tolerant of /etc/ceph/ceph.conf without an fsid defined.
    if len(no_fsid) == 1 and no_fsid[0] == 'ceph':
        LOG.warning('No fsid defined in /etc/ceph/ceph.conf; using anyway')
        return 'ceph'
    return None

def activate(
    path,
    activate_key_template,
    init,
    ):

    try:
        check_osd_magic(path)

        ceph_fsid = read_one_line(path, 'ceph_fsid')
        if ceph_fsid is None:
            raise Error('No cluster uuid assigned.')
        LOG.debug('Cluster uuid is %s', ceph_fsid)

        cluster = find_cluster_by_uuid(ceph_fsid)
        if cluster is None:
            raise Error('No cluster conf found in /etc/ceph with fsid %s' % ceph_fsid)
        LOG.debug('Cluster name is %s', cluster)

        fsid = read_one_line(path, 'fsid')
        if fsid is None:
            raise Error('No OSD uuid assigned.')
        LOG.debug('OSD uuid is %s', fsid)

        keyring = activate_key_template.format(cluster=cluster)

        osd_id = get_osd_id(path)
        if osd_id is None:
            osd_id = allocate_osd_id(
                cluster=cluster,
                fsid=fsid,
                keyring=keyring,
                )
            write_one_line(path, 'whoami', osd_id)
        LOG.debug('OSD id is %s', osd_id)

        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, 'ready')):
            LOG.debug('Initializing OSD...')
            # re-running mkfs is safe, so just run until it completes
            mkfs(
                path=path,
                cluster=cluster,
                osd_id=osd_id,
                fsid=fsid,
                keyring=keyring,
                )

        if init is not None:
            if init == 'auto':
                conf_val = get_conf(
                    cluster=cluster,
                    variable='init'
                    )
                if conf_val is not None:
                    init = conf_val
                else:
                    (distro, release, codename) = platform.dist()
                    if distro == 'Ubuntu':
                        init = 'upstart'
                    else:
                        init = 'sysvinit'

            LOG.debug('Marking with init system %s', init)
            with file(os.path.join(path, init), 'w'):
                pass

            # remove markers for others, just in case.
            for other in INIT_SYSTEMS:
                if other != init:
                    try:
                        os.unlink(os.path.join(path, other))
                    except OSError:
                        pass

        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, 'active')):
            LOG.debug('Authorizing OSD key...')
            auth_key(
                path=path,
                cluster=cluster,
                osd_id=osd_id,
                keyring=keyring,
                )
            write_one_line(path, 'active', 'ok')
        LOG.debug('%s osd.%s data dir is ready at %s', cluster, osd_id, path)
        return (osd_id, cluster)
    except:
        raise



def main_activate(args):
    cluster = None
    osd_id = None

    if not os.path.exists(args.path):
        raise Error('%s does not exist', args.path)

    if is_suppressed(args.path):
        LOG.info('suppressed activate request on %s', args.path)
        return

    activate_lock.acquire()
    try:
        mode = os.stat(args.path).st_mode
        if stat.S_ISBLK(mode):
            (cluster, osd_id) = mount_activate(
                dev=args.path,
                activate_key_template=args.activate_key_template,
                init=args.mark_init,
                )
        elif stat.S_ISDIR(mode):
            (cluster, osd_id) = activate_dir(
                path=args.path,
                activate_key_template=args.activate_key_template,
                init=args.mark_init,
                )
        else:
            raise Error('%s is not a directory or block device', args.path)
    
        start_daemon(
            cluster=cluster,
            osd_id=osd_id,
            )
        activate_lock.release()

    except:
        activate_lock.release()



###########################

def is_swap(dev):
    dev = os.path.realpath(dev)
    with file('/proc/swaps', 'rb') as proc_swaps:
        for line in proc_swaps.readlines()[1:]:
            fields = line.split()
            if len(fields) < 3:
                continue
            swaps_dev = fields[0]
            if swaps_dev.startswith('/') and os.path.exists(swaps_dev):
                swaps_dev = os.path.realpath(swaps_dev)
                if swaps_dev == dev:
                    return True
    return False

def get_oneliner(base, name):
    path = os.path.join(base, name)
    if os.path.isfile(path):
        with open(path, 'r') as _file:
            return _file.readline().rstrip()
    return None

def get_dev_fs(dev):
    fscheck = subprocess.Popen(
        [
            'blkid',
            '-s',
            'TYPE',
            dev
            ],
        stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr=subprocess.PIPE).stdout.read()
    if 'TYPE' in fscheck:
        fstype = fscheck.split()[1].split('"')[1]
        return fstype
    else:
        return None

def get_partition_type(part):
    (base, partnum) = re.match('(\D+)(\d+)', part).group(1, 2)
    sgdisk = subprocess.Popen(
        [
            'sgdisk',
            '-p',
            base,
            ],
        stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr = subprocess.PIPE).stdout.read()
    for line in sgdisk.splitlines():
        m = re.search('\s+(\d+)\s+\d+\s+\d+\s+\S+ \S+B\s+\S+\s+(.*)', line)
        if m is not None:
            num = m.group(1)
            if num != partnum:
                continue
            return m.group(2)
    return None

def get_partition_uuid(dev):
    (base, partnum) = re.match('(\D+)(\d+)', dev).group(1, 2)
    out = subprocess.Popen(
        [ 'sgdisk', '-i', partnum, base ],
        stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr = subprocess.PIPE).stdout.read()
    for line in out.splitlines():
        m = re.match('Partition unique GUID: (\S+)', line)
        if m:
            return m.group(1).lower()
    return None

def more_osd_info(path, uuid_map):
    desc = []
    ceph_fsid = get_oneliner(path, 'ceph_fsid')
    if ceph_fsid:
        cluster = find_cluster_by_uuid(ceph_fsid)
        if cluster:
            desc.append('cluster ' + cluster)
        else:
            desc.append('unknown cluster ' + ceph_fsid)

    who = get_oneliner(path, 'whoami')
    if who:
        desc.append('osd.%s' % who)

    journal_uuid = get_oneliner(path, 'journal_uuid')
    if journal_uuid:
        journal_uuid = journal_uuid.lower()
        if journal_uuid in uuid_map:
            desc.append('journal %s' % uuid_map[journal_uuid])

    return desc


def list_dev(dev, uuid_map, journal_map):
    ptype = 'unknown'
    prefix = ''
    if is_partition(dev):
        ptype = get_partition_type(dev)
        prefix = ' '
    fs_type = get_dev_fs(dev)
    path = is_mounted(dev)

    desc = []
    if ptype == 'ceph data':
        if path:
            desc.append('active')
            desc.extend(more_osd_info(path, uuid_map))
        elif fs_type:
            try:
                tpath = mount(dev=dev, fstype=fs_type, options='')
                if tpath:
                    try:
                        magic = get_oneliner(tpath, 'magic')
                        if magic is not None:
                            desc.append('prepared')
                            desc.extend(more_osd_info(tpath, uuid_map))
                    finally:
                        unmount(tpath)
            except MountError:
                pass
        if desc:
            desc = ['ceph data'] + desc
        else:
            desc = ['ceph data', 'unprepared']
    elif ptype == 'ceph journal':
        desc.append('ceph journal')
        part_uuid = get_partition_uuid(dev)
        if part_uuid and part_uuid in journal_map:
            desc.append('for %s' % journal_map[part_uuid])
    else:
        if is_swap(dev):
            desc.append('swap')
        else:
            desc.append('other')
        if fs_type:
            desc.append(fs_type)
        elif ptype:
            desc.append(ptype)
        if path:
            desc.append('mounted on %s' % path)

    print '%s%s %s' % (prefix, dev, ', '.join(desc))

    

def main_list(args):
    partmap = list_all_partitions()

    uuid_map = {}
    journal_map = {}
    for base, parts in sorted(partmap.iteritems()):
        for p in parts:
            dev = '/dev/' + p
            part_uuid = get_partition_uuid(dev)
            if part_uuid:
                uuid_map[part_uuid] = dev
            ptype = get_partition_type(dev)
            if ptype == 'ceph data':
                fs_type = get_dev_fs(dev)
                try:
                    tpath = mount(dev=dev, fstype=fs_type, options='')
                    try:
                        journal_uuid = get_oneliner(tpath, 'journal_uuid')
                        if journal_uuid:
                            journal_map[journal_uuid.lower()] = dev
                    finally:
                        unmount(tpath)
                except MountError:
                    pass

    for base, parts in sorted(partmap.iteritems()):
        if parts:
            print '/dev/%s :' % base
            for p in sorted(parts):
                list_dev('/dev/' + p, uuid_map, journal_map)
        else:
            list_dev('/dev/' + base, uuid_map, journal_map)


###########################
#
# Mark devices that we want to suppress activates on with a
# file like
#
#  /var/lib/ceph/tmp/suppress-activate.sdb
#
# where the last bit is the sanitized device name (/dev/X without the
# /dev/ prefix) and the is_suppress() check matches a prefix.  That
# means suppressing sdb will stop activate on sdb1, sdb2, etc.
#

SUPPRESS_PREFIX='/var/lib/ceph/tmp/suppress-activate.'

def is_suppressed(path):
    disk = os.path.realpath(path)
    if not disk.startswith('/dev/') or not stat.S_ISBLK(os.lstat(path)):
        return False
    try:
        base = disk[5:]
        while len(base):
            if os.path.exists(SUPPRESS_PREFIX + base):
                return True
            base = base[:-1]
    except:
        return False

def set_suppress(path):
    disk = os.path.realpath(path)
    if not os.path.exists(disk):
        raise Error('does not exist', path);
    if not stat.S_ISBLK(os.lstat(path)):
        raise Error('not a block device', path)
    base = disk[5:]

    with file(SUPPRESS_PREFIX + base, 'w') as f:
        pass
    LOG.info('set suppress flag on %s', base)

def unset_suppress(path):
    disk = os.path.realpath(path)
    if not os.path.exists(disk):
        raise Error('does not exist', path);
    if not stat.S_ISBLK(os.lstat(path)):
        raise Error('not a block device', path)
    assert disk.startswith('/dev/')
    base = disk[5:]

    fn = SUPPRESS_PREFIX + base
    if not os.path.exists(fn):
        raise Error('not marked as suppressed', path)

    try:
        os.unlink(fn)
        LOG.info('unset suppress flag on %s', base)
    except e:
        raise Error('failed to unsuppress', e)


def main_suppress(args):
    set_suppress(args.path)

def main_unsuppress(args):
    unset_suppress(args.path)


###########################


def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        'ceph-disk',
        )
    parser.add_argument(
        '-v', '--verbose',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='be more verbose',
        )
    parser.set_defaults(
        # we want to hold on to this, for later
        prog=parser.prog,
        cluster='ceph',
        )

    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
        title='subcommands',
        description='valid subcommands',
        help='sub-command help',
        )

    prepare_parser = subparsers.add_parser('prepare', help='Prepare a directory or disk for a Ceph OSD')
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--cluster',
        metavar='NAME',
        help='cluster name to assign this disk to',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--cluster-uuid',
        metavar='UUID',
        help='cluster uuid to assign this disk to',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--osd-uuid',
        metavar='UUID',
        help='unique OSD uuid to assign this disk to',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--journal-uuid',
        metavar='UUID',
        help='unique uuid to assign to the journal',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--fs-type',
        help='file system type to use (e.g. "ext4")',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--zap-disk',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='destroy the partition table (and content) of a disk',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--data-dir',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='verify that DATA is a dir',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--data-dev',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='verify that DATA is a block device',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--journal-file',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='verify that JOURNAL is a file',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--journal-dev',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='verify that JOURNAL is a block device',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--dmcrypt',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='encrypt DATA and/or JOURNAL devices with dm-crypt',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        '--dmcrypt-key-dir',
        metavar='KEYDIR',
        default='/etc/ceph/dmcrypt-keys',
        help='directory where dm-crypt keys are stored',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        'data',
        metavar='DATA',
        help='path to OSD data (a disk block device or directory)',
        )
    prepare_parser.add_argument(
        'journal',
        metavar='JOURNAL',
        nargs='?',
        help=('path to OSD journal disk block device;'
              + ' leave out to store journal in file'),
        )
    prepare_parser.set_defaults(
        func=main_prepare,
        )

    activate_parser = subparsers.add_parser('activate', help='Activate a Ceph OSD')
    activate_parser.add_argument(
        '--mount',
        action='store_true', default=None,
        help='mount a block device [deprecated, ignored]',
        )
    activate_parser.add_argument(
        '--activate-key',
        metavar='PATH',
        help='bootstrap-osd keyring path template (%(default)s)',
        dest='activate_key_template',
        )
    activate_parser.add_argument(
        '--mark-init',
        metavar='INITSYSTEM',
        help='init system to manage this dir',
        default='auto',
        choices=INIT_SYSTEMS,
        )
    activate_parser.add_argument(
        'path',
        metavar='PATH',
        nargs='?',
        help='path to block device or directory',
        )
    activate_parser.set_defaults(
        activate_key_template='/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/{cluster}.keyring',
        func=main_activate,
        )

    list_parser = subparsers.add_parser('list', help='List disks, partitions, and Ceph OSDs')
    list_parser.set_defaults(
        func=main_list,
        )

    suppress_parser = subparsers.add_parser('suppress-activate', help='Suppress activate on a device (prefix)')
    suppress_parser.add_argument(
        'path',
        metavar='PATH',
        nargs='?',
        help='path to block device or directory',
        )
    suppress_parser.set_defaults(
        func=main_suppress,
        )

    unsuppress_parser = subparsers.add_parser('unsuppress-activate', help='Stop suppressing activate on a device (prefix)')
    unsuppress_parser.add_argument(
        'path',
        metavar='PATH',
        nargs='?',
        help='path to block device or directory',
        )
    unsuppress_parser.set_defaults(
        func=main_unsuppress,
        )

    args = parser.parse_args()
    return args


def main():
    args = parse_args()

    loglevel = logging.INFO
    if args.verbose:
        loglevel = logging.DEBUG

    logging.basicConfig(
        level=loglevel,
        )

    try:
        args.func(args)

    except Error as e:
        print >> sys.stderr, '{prog}: {msg}'.format(
            prog=args.prog,
            msg=e,
            )
        sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()