105 lines
4.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
105 lines
4.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
Scrub is a validation pass over all filesystem data and metadata that detects
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data checksum errors, basic super block errors, basic metadata block header errors,
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and disk read errors.
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Scrub is done on a per-device base, if a device is specified to `btrfs scrub`, then
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only that device will be scrubbed. Although btrfs will also try to read other device
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to find a good copy, if the mirror on that specified device failed to be read or pass
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verification.
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If a path of btrfs is specified to `btrfs scrub`, btrfs will scrub all devices
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in parallel.
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On filesystems that use replicated block group profiles (e.g. raid1), read-write
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scrub will also automatically repair any damage by copying verified good data
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from one of the other replicas.
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Such automatic repair is also carried out when reading metadata or data from a
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read-write mounted btrfs.
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.. warning::
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Setting the ``No_COW`` (``chattr +C``) attribute on a file implicitly enables
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``nodatasum``. This means that while metadata for these files continues to
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be validated and corrected by scrub, the actual file data is not.
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Furthermore, btrfs does not currently mark missing or failed disks as
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unreliable, so will continue to load-balance reads to potentially damaged
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replicas. This is not a problem normally because damage is detected by
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checksum validation, but because ``No_COW`` files are
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not protected by checksum, btrfs has no idea which mirror is good thus it can
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return the bad contents to the user space tool.
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Detecting and recovering from such failure requires manual intervention.
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Notably, `systemd sets +C on journals by default <https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/11689d2a021d95a8447d938180e0962cd9439763>`_,
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and `libvirt ≥ 6.6 sets +C on storage pool directories by default <https://www.libvirt.org/news.html#v6-6-0-2020-08-02>`_.
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Other applications or distributions may also set +C to try to improve
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performance.
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.. note::
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Scrub is not a filesystem checker (fsck). It can only detect filesystem damage
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using the checksum validation, and it can only repair
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filesystem damage by copying from other known good replicas.
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:doc:`btrfs-check` performs more exhaustive checking and can sometimes be
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used, with expert guidance, to rebuild certain corrupted filesystem structures
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in the absence of any good replica.
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The user is supposed to run it manually or via a periodic system service. The
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recommended period is a month but it could be less. The estimated device bandwidth
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utilization is about 80% on an idle filesystem.
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The scrubbing status is recorded in :file:`/var/lib/btrfs/` in textual files named
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*scrub.status.UUID* for a filesystem identified by the given UUID. (Progress
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state is communicated through a named pipe in file *scrub.progress.UUID* in the
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same directory.) The status file is updated every 5 seconds. A resumed scrub
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will continue from the last saved position.
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Scrub can be started only on a mounted filesystem, though it's possible to
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scrub only a selected device. See :ref:`btrfs scrub start<man-scrub-start>` for more.
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.. duplabel:: scrub-io-limiting
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Bandwidth and IO limiting
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. note::
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The :manref:`ionice(1)` may not be generally supported by all IO schedulers and
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the options to :command:`btrfs scrub start` may not work as expected.
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In the past when the `CFQ IO scheduler
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<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completely_fair_queueing>`__ was generally used
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the :manref:`ionice(1)` syscalls set the priority to *idle* so the IO would not
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interfere with regular IO. Since the kernel 5.0 the CFQ is not available.
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The IO scheduler known to support that is `BFQ
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<https://docs.kernel.org/block/bfq-iosched.html>`__, but first read the
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documentation before using it!
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For other commonly used schedulers like `mq-deadline
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<https://docs.kernel.org/block/blk-mq.html>`__ it's recommended to use
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*cgroup2 IO controller* which could be managed by e.g. *systemd*
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(documented in ``systemd.resource-control``). However, starting scrub like that
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is not yet completely straightforward. The IO controller must know the physical
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device of the filesystem and create a slice so all processes started from that
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belong to the same accounting group.
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ systemd-run -p "IOReadBandwidthMax=/dev/sdx 10M" btrfs scrub start -B /
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Since linux 5.14 it's possible to set the per-device bandwidth limits in a
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BTRFS-specific way using files :file:`/sys/fs/btrfs/FSID/devinfo/DEVID/scrub_speed_max`.
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This setting is not persistent, lasts until the filesystem is unmounted.
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Currently set limits can be displayed by command :ref:`btrfs scrub
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limit<man-scrub-limit>`.
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ echo 100m > /sys/fs/btrfs/9b5fd16e-1b64-4f9b-904a-74e74c0bbadc/devinfo/1/scrub_speed_max
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$ btrfs scrub limit /
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UUID: 9b5fd16e-1b64-4f9b-904a-74e74c0bbadc
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Id Limit Path
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-- --------- --------
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1 100.00MiB /dev/sdx
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