btrfs-qgroup(8) =============== SYNOPSIS -------- **btrfs qgroup** DESCRIPTION ----------- **btrfs qgroup** is used to control quota group (qgroup) of a btrfs filesystem. .. note:: To use qgroup you need to enable quota first using :command:`btrfs quota enable` command. .. warning:: Qgroup is not stable yet and will impact performance in current mainline kernel (v4.14). QGROUP ------ Quota groups or qgroup in btrfs make a tree hierarchy, the leaf qgroups are attached to subvolumes. The size limits are set per qgroup and apply when any limit is reached in tree that contains a given subvolume. The limits are separated between shared and exclusive and reflect the extent ownership. For example a fresh snapshot shares almost all the blocks with the original subvolume, new writes to either subvolume will raise towards the exclusive limit. The qgroup identifiers conform to *level/id* where level 0 is reserved to the qgroups associated with subvolumes. Such qgroups are created automatically. The qgroup hierarchy is built by commands :command:`create` and :command:`assign`. .. note:: If the qgroup of a subvolume is destroyed, quota about the subvolume will not be functional until qgroup *0/* is created again. SUBCOMMAND ---------- assign [options] Assign qgroup *src* as the child qgroup of *dst* in the btrfs filesystem identified by *path*. ``Options`` --rescan (default since: 4.19) Automatically schedule quota rescan if the new qgroup assignment would lead to quota inconsistency. See *QUOTA RESCAN* for more information. --no-rescan Explicitly ask not to do a rescan, even if the assignment will make the quotas inconsistent. This may be useful for repeated calls where the rescan would add unnecessary overhead. create Create a subvolume quota group. For the *0/* qgroup, a qgroup can be created even before the subvolume is created. destroy Destroy a qgroup. If a qgroup is not isolated, meaning it is a parent or child qgroup, then it can only be destroyed after the relationship is removed. clear-stale Clear all stale qgroups whose subvolume does not exist anymore, this is the level 0 qgroup like 0/subvolid. Higher level qgroups are not deleted even if they don't have any child qgroups. limit [options] |none [] Limit the size of a qgroup to *size* or no limit in the btrfs filesystem identified by *path*. If *qgroupid* is not given, qgroup of the subvolume identified by *path* is used if possible. ``Options`` -c limit amount of data after compression. This is the default, it is currently not possible to turn off this option. -e limit space exclusively assigned to this qgroup. remove Remove the relationship between child qgroup *src* and parent qgroup *dst* in the btrfs filesystem identified by *path*. ``Options`` --rescan (default since: 4.19) Automatically schedule quota rescan if the removed qgroup relation would lead to quota inconsistency. See *QUOTA RESCAN* for more information. --no-rescan Explicitly ask not to do a rescan, even if the removal will make the quotas inconsistent. This may be useful for repeated calls where the rescan would add unnecessary overhead. show [options] Show all qgroups in the btrfs filesystem identified by . ``Options`` -p print parent qgroup id. -c print child qgroup id. -r print limit of referenced size of qgroup. -e print limit of exclusive size of qgroup. -F list all qgroups which impact the given path(include ancestral qgroups) -f list all qgroups which impact the given path(exclude ancestral qgroups) --raw raw numbers in bytes, without the *B* suffix. --human-readable print human friendly numbers, base 1024, this is the default --iec select the 1024 base for the following options, according to the IEC standard. --si select the 1000 base for the following options, according to the SI standard. --kbytes show sizes in KiB, or kB with --si. --mbytes show sizes in MiB, or MB with --si. --gbytes show sizes in GiB, or GB with --si. --tbytes show sizes in TiB, or TB with --si. --sort=[\+/-][,[+/-]]... list qgroups in order of . can be one or more of qgroupid,rfer,excl,max_rfer,max_excl. Prefix *+* means ascending order and *-* means descending order of *attr*. If no prefix is given, use ascending order by default. If multiple *attr* values are given, use comma to separate. --sync To retrieve information after updating the state of qgroups, force sync of the filesystem identified by *path* before getting information. SPECIAL PATHS ------------- For `btrfs qgroup show` subcommand, the ``path`` column may has some special strings: `` The toplevel subvolume `` The subvolume has been deleted (it's directory removed), but the subvolume metadata not not yet fully cleaned. `` For simple quota mode only. By its design, a fully deleted subvolume may still have accounting on it, so even the subvolume is gone, the numbers are still here for future accounting. `` The qgroup has no corresponding subvolume anymore, and the qgroup can be cleaned up under most cases. The only exception is that, if the qgroup numbers are inconsistent and the qgroup numbers are not all zeros, some older kernels may refuse to delete such qgroups until a full rescan. QUOTA RESCAN ------------ The rescan reads all extent sharing metadata and updates the respective qgroups accordingly. The information consists of bytes owned exclusively (*excl*) or shared/referred to (*rfer*). There's no explicit information about which extents are shared or owned exclusively. This means when qgroup relationship changes, extent owners change and qgroup numbers are no longer consistent unless we do a full rescan. However there are cases where we can avoid a full rescan, if a subvolume whose *rfer* number equals its *excl* number, which means all bytes are exclusively owned, then assigning/removing this subvolume only needs to add/subtract *rfer* number from its parent qgroup. This can speed up the rescan. EXAMPLES -------- Make a parent group that has two quota group children ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Given the following filesystem mounted at :file:`/mnt/my-vault` .. code-block:: none Label: none uuid: 60d2ab3b-941a-4f22-8d1a-315f329797b2 Total devices 1 FS bytes used 128.00KiB devid 1 size 5.00GiB used 536.00MiB path /dev/vdb Enable quota and create subvolumes. Check subvolume ids. .. code-block:: bash $ cd /mnt/my-vault $ btrfs quota enable . $ btrfs subvolume create a $ btrfs subvolume create b $ btrfs subvolume list . ID 261 gen 61 top level 5 path a ID 262 gen 62 top level 5 path b Create qgroup and set limit to 10MiB. .. code-block:: bash $ btrfs qgroup create 1/100 . $ btrfs qgroup limit 10M 1/100 . $ btrfs qgroup assign 0/261 1/100 . $ btrfs qgroup assign 0/262 1/100 . And check qgroups. .. code-block:: bash $ btrfs qgroup show . qgroupid rfer excl -------- ---- ---- 0/5 16.00KiB 16.00KiB 0/261 16.00KiB 16.00KiB 0/262 16.00KiB 16.00KiB 1/100 32.00KiB 32.00KiB EXIT STATUS ----------- **btrfs qgroup** returns a zero exit status if it succeeds. Non zero is returned in case of failure. AVAILABILITY ------------ **btrfs** is part of btrfs-progs. Please refer to the documentation at `https://btrfs.readthedocs.io `_. SEE ALSO -------- :doc:`btrfs-quota`, :doc:`btrfs-subvolume`, :doc:`mkfs.btrfs`