diff --git a/Documentation/ch-scrub-intro.rst b/Documentation/ch-scrub-intro.rst index 7c01d51f..4fca221d 100644 --- a/Documentation/ch-scrub-intro.rst +++ b/Documentation/ch-scrub-intro.rst @@ -1,14 +1,49 @@ -Scrub is a pass over all filesystem data and metadata and verifying the -checksums. If a valid copy is available (replicated block group profiles) then -the damaged one is repaired. All copies of the replicated profiles are validated. +Scrub is a validation pass over all filesystem data and metadata that detects +data checksum errors, basic super block errors, basic metadata block header errors, +and disk read errors. + +Scrub is done on a per-device base, if a device is specified to `btrfs scrub`, then +only that device will be scrubbed. Although btrfs will also try to read other device +to find a good copy, if the mirror on that specified device failed to be read or pass +verification. + +If a path of btrfs is specified to `btrfs scrub`, btrfs will scrub all devices +in parallel. + +On filesystems that use replicated block group profiles (e.g. raid1), read-write +scrub will also automatically repair any damage by copying verified good data +from one of the other replicas. + +Such automatic repair is also carried out when reading metadata or data from a +read-write mounted btrfs. + +.. warning:: + Setting the ``No_COW`` (``chattr +C``) attribute on a file implicitly enables + ``nodatasum``. This means that while metadata for these files continues to + be validated and corrected by scrub, the actual file data is not. + + Furthermore, btrfs does not currently mark missing or failed disks as + unreliable, so will continue to load-balance reads to potentially damaged + replicas. This is not a problem normally because damage is detected by + checksum validation, but because ``No_COW`` files are + not protected by checksum, btrfs has no idea which mirror is good thus it can + return the bad contents to the user space tool. + + Detecting and recovering from such failure requires manual intervention. + + Notably, `systemd sets +C on journals by default `_, + and `libvirt ≥ 6.6 sets +C on storage pool directories by default `_. + Other applications or distributions may also set +C to try to improve + performance. .. note:: - Scrub is not a filesystem checker (fsck) and does not verify nor repair - structural damage in the filesystem. It really only checks checksums of data - and tree blocks, it doesn't ensure the content of tree blocks is valid and - consistent. There's some validation performed when metadata blocks are read - from disk (:doc:`Tree-checker`) but it's not extensive and cannot substitute - full :doc:`btrfs-check` run. + Scrub is not a filesystem checker (fsck). It can only detect filesystem damage + using the checksum validation, and it can only repair + filesystem damage by copying from other known good replicas. + + :doc:`btrfs-check` performs more exhaustive checking and can sometimes be + used, with expert guidance, to rebuild certain corrupted filesystem structures + in the absence of any good replica. The user is supposed to run it manually or via a periodic system service. The recommended period is a month but it could be less. The estimated device bandwidth