570 lines
17 KiB
Groff
570 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.Dd February 13, 2018
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.Dt APKBUILD 5 PRM
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.Os "Alpine Linux"
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm APKBUILD
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.Nd metadata and instructions to build a package
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm /usr/src/packages/<repo>/<package>/APKBUILD
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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An
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.Nm
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file is used by tools such as
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.Xr abuild 1
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to build a package for eventual installation by the
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.Xr apk 8
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package manager.
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It defines metadata such as the name of the package, the version information,
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the source license, and contact information for the developer.
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It additionally contains the commands needed to build, test, and install the
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package.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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format is similar to a typical shell script; you set pre-defined variables and
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implement pre-defined functions, and the
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.Xr abuild 1
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(or similar) utility will use them to create the package.
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.Ss Required Variables
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The following variables must be set in all
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.Nm
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files:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm pkgname
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Specifies name of the package.
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This is typically the name of the package upstream; however, note that all
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letters must be lowercased.
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.Pp
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Libraries for scripting languages should have a prefix before the library name
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describing the language.
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Such prefixes include
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.Em lua- ,
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.Em perl- ,
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.Em py- ,
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and
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.Em rb- .
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Not all languages use prefixes.
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For a definitive list, consult the PREFIXES file in the root directory of the
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repository you are using for packaging.
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.It Cm pkgver
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Specifies the version of the software being packaged.
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The version of a package must consist of one or more numbers separated by the
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radix (decimal point).
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The final number may have a single letter following it, for upstreams that use
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such a versioning scheme (such as 1.5a, 1.5b, 1.5c).
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.Pp
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After the final number (and optional single letter), a suffix may be appended,
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which must be an underscore (_) followed by one of
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.Em alpha ,
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.Em beta ,
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.Em pre ,
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.Em rc ,
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.Em cvs ,
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.Em svn ,
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.Em git ,
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.Em hg ,
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or
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.Em p ,
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optionally followed by another number.
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If the suffix is
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.Em alpha ,
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.Em beta ,
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.Em pre ,
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or
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.Em rc ,
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it is considered to be earlier than the version without a suffix; if the suffix
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is
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.Em cvs ,
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.Em svn ,
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.Em git ,
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.Em hg ,
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or
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.Em p ,
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it is considered to be later than the version without a suffix.
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All of the following examples are valid versions, in order from lowest to
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highest:
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.Pp
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1.0, 1.1_alpha2, 1.1.3_pre, 1.1.3, 1.1.3_hg, 1.2, 1.2a, 1.2b
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.It Cm pkgrel
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Specifies the package release number of this particular package version.
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This indicates when a package has changed without a corresponding change in
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version.
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Always increment
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.Cm pkgrel
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when you change the contents, dependencies, or metadata of a package.
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The first release of a package is always
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.Li 0 .
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.It Cm pkgdesc
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Specifies what the package contains.
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.Cm pkgdesc
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must be 128 characters or less, and should concisely describe what actions the
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software or items being packaged will allow the user to perform.
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For example,
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.Dq Fully-featured word processor with spell check and many plugins
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would be a sufficient
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.Cm pkgdesc
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for AbiWord.
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.It Cm url
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Specifies the Web address of the package's upstream.
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This allows users and future maintainers to find documentation, release
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information, and contact information for the package.
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If no Web address is available for the package, you must set
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.Cm url
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to an empty string ("").
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.It Cm arch
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Specifies the architectures for which the package may be built.
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It is highly recommended that you set this variable to "all" if the package is
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portable.
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.Pp
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You may use "noarch" if the package does not contain any architecture-specific
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binary files - that is, any files that are compiled for the target only.
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Such packages may include pure Python packages, shell script packages, and
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JARs.
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If you are not sure what this means, using "all" is safe.
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.It Cm license
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Specifies the license under which the package is distributed.
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The value provided must match a SPDX license identifier.
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.It Cm source
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Specifies the location of both local and remote source files used to build the
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package.
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Typically, the remote source file(s) or archive(s) is specified, followed by
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any local patches, install scripts, configuration files, or other necessary
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files.
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.El
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.Ss Optional Variables
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The following variables are not required, but may be set in any
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.Nm
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file:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm checkdepends
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Specifies test-time dependencies of the package.
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Common packages that are used for testing include check, dejagnu, and
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perl-test-command.
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.It Cm depends
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Specifies the run-time dependencies of the package.
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The
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.Xr abuild 1
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utility will automatically scan the resultant package for shared library (.so)
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dependencies; do not specify them here.
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.It Cm install
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Specifies install scripts for the package, if any.
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See
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.Sx Install Scripts
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for more information about install scripts.
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.It Cm install_if
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Specifies a condition when
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.Xr apk 8
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should automatically install the package (or subpackage).
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For instance, the OpenRC subpackages set
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.Cm install_if
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to
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.Li $pkgname=$pkgver openrc
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which means that the OpenRC subpackage will be automatically installed if the
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origin package and OpenRC are both installed on the same computer.
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.It Cm makedepends
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Specifies build dependencies for the package.
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.It Cm pkggroups
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Specifies a space-separated list of login groups to create during build-time.
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Note that you will need to create the login groups in a pre-install install
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script as well; see
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.Sx Install Scripts
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for more information about install scripts.
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.It Cm pkgusers
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Specifies a space-separated list of user logins to create during build-time.
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Note that you will ned to create the user logins in a pre-install install
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script as well; see
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.Sx Install Scripts
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for more information about install scripts.
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.It Cm provides
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Specifies that the package "provides" the same contents as another package.
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There are two formats that you may use for
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.Cm provides :
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a provider name, and a provider name with version.
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.Pp
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Specifying a provider name with version such as
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.Li foobar=1.2
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will cause the package to be an "alias" of foobar version 1.2.
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It will be automatically installed if a user then runs
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.Li apk add foobar
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or similar, and it will conflict with a package named foobar.
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.Pp
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Specifying a provider name without a version such as
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.Li baz
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will cause the package to provide a "virtual" called baz.
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Multiple packages with the same virtual provider can be installed on a system;
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however, if a user runs
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.Li apk add baz
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they will provided a list of packages that provide baz and must select one and
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install it.
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.It Cm provider_priority
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Specifies the numeric value for
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.Xr apk 8
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to use for the package when considering which provider should be installed for
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the same
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.Cm provides
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virtual provider.
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.It Cm replaces
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Specifies packages that the package replaces.
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This is typically used for packages renamed by upstream.
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.It Cm subpackages
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Specifies subpackages or split packages built with this package.
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Typically, this will include
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.Li $pkgname-dev
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for development files (such as /usr/include and static library files) and
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.Li $pkgname-doc
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for documentation (such as /usr/share/doc and /usr/share/man).
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.Pp
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Each subpackage may be specified using three different methods.
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The first, and most common, is
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.Li $pkgname-foo
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where
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.Li foo
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is the name of the split function specified later in the file.
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Similar to the
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.Cm package
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function, the
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.Li foo
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function must move files from
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.Pa $pkgdir
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or
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.Pa $srcdir
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to
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.Pa $subpkgdir
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after creating
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.Pa $subpkgdir .
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.Pp
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The second method is to simply call the subpackage
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.Li foo
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which will create a package called
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.Li foo
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instead of pkgname-foo.
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.Pp
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However,
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.Li foo
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in both of these examples cannot contain a hyphen, as shell function names
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cannot have hyphens in them. In this case, the third method may be used:
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.Li foo:funcname
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where
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.Li foo
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is the name of the subpackage and
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.Li funcname
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is the name of the shell function in the
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.Nm
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that creates it.
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.Pp
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Note that an additional colon may be used to specify an architecture for the
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subpackage; typically, this is used for marking miscellaneous files that are
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not architecture-specific as noarch.
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For example,
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.Li $pkgname-doc $pkgname-foo $pkgname-foo-misc:foo_misc:noarch
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will create the $pkgname-doc package using the
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.Cm doc
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function, the $pkgname-foo package using the
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.Cm foo
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function, and the $pkgname-foo-misc package using the
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.Cm foo_misc
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function and set $pkgname-foo-misc as noarch.
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.It Cm triggers
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Specifies a trigger script used by the package.
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A trigger script is a shell script that is called whenever monitored files or
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directories are modified.
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You may specify the paths to monitor using the triggers variable as follows:
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.Pp
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.Li $pkgname.trigger=/usr/share/man:/usr/local/share/man
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.Pp
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This will run the package trigger script whenever files in
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.Pa /usr/share/man
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or
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.Pa /usr/local/share/man
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are created, modified, or removed.
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.El
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.Ss options
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The
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.Cm options
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variable allows you to set parameters for the package at build time.
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There are a number of valid options you may set, and you may set multiple
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options by writing a space between each one.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm !archcheck
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Specifies that the package contains binaries that cannot run on the target
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architecture.
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This is primarily used for packages containing firmware, and should typically
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never need to be used.
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.It Cm charset.alias
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Specifies that the package ships a /usr/lib/charset.alias file and that it
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should be installed on the user's system.
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This is almost never the case.
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Do not use this option.
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.It Cm !check
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Specifies that the package will not run a test suite.
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The reason for disabling the check phase should be noted in a comment.
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.It Cm checkroot
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Specifies that the package's test suite will be run in
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.Xr fakeroot 8 .
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This is necessary for some test suites which fail when run as non-root.
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.It Cm !dbg
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Specifies that the package should not be built with a debug information
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package.
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This is the default unless
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.Ev DEFAULT_DBG
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is set in the environment or
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.Xr abuild.conf 5 .
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It is typically used on packages that do not generate debug information (such
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as pure Python packages) or packages that do not support debug information
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packages.
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.It Cm !fhs
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Specifies that the package violates FHS and installs to a location such as
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.Pa /usr/local ,
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.Pa /opt ,
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or
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.Pa /srv .
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.It Cm ldpath-recursive
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Specifies that
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.Xr abuild 1
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should use the
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.Fl --recursive
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argument to
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.Xr scanelf 1
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when attempting to find shared library (.so) dependencies for the package.
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.It Cm libtool
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Specifies that the package requires its libtool (.la) files.
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They will not be automatically removed by
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.Xr abuild 1 .
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.It Cm net
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Specifies that the package build system requires access to a network.
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This is discouraged and an issue should be filed with the package's authors.
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.It Cm !strip
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Specifies that
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.Xr strip 1
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should not be run on any of the package's binaries.
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This is automatically implied if the -dbg subpackage is enabled, or if you are
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using
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.Ev DEFAULT_DBG .
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.It Cm suid
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Specifies that binaries in the package may be installed set-uid.
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This is a security risk and it is highly recommended to use capabilities or
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process separation instead of set-uid where available.
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.It Cm textrels
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Specifies that the package's binaries are known to contain relocations against
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text segments.
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By default,
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.Xr abuild 1
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will refuse to create such a package because this is a security concern.
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.It Cm toolchain
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Specifies that the package is part of the base toolchain set and may depend
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on packages like
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.Li g++ .
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.It Cm !tracedeps
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Specifies that
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.Xr abuild 1
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should not automatically populate
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.Cm depends
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with shared library (.so) or symlink target dependencies.
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.El
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.Ss Automatic Variables
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The following variables are defined for you by
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.Xr abuild 1 ,
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but may be overridden if necessary.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm builddir
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Specifies the directory where the source code of the package will be built.
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The default value is
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.Pa $srcdir/$pkgname-$pkgver
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which is appropriate for most source distributions.
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If the source tarball does not create a $pkgname-$pkgver directory when it is
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unpacked, you must override
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.Cm builddir .
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.It Cm pkgdir
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Specifies the directory where the built files will be installed.
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Typically, you will call
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.Li make DESTDIR="$pkgdir" install
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or similar to install the files.
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The default value is
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.Pa $startdir/pkg
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and you should not modify this variable.
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.It Cm srcdir
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Specifies the directory where the files specified in
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.Cm source
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are downloaded and unpacked.
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The default value is
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.Pa $startdir/src
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and you should not need to modify this.
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.It Cm startdir
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Specifies the directory where the
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.Nm
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file resides.
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.It Cm subpkgdir
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Specifies the directory where the subpackage's files should be placed.
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This variable is only set inside subpackage functions.
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.El
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.Ss Special Variables
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The following variables are used only in special circumstances, and may be
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required or optional depending on their usage and the contents of other
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variables.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm depends_dev
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Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -dev subpackage.
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.It Cm depends_doc
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Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -doc subpackage.
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.It Cm depends_libs
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Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -libs subpackage.
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.It Cm depends_openrc
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Specifies the run-time dependencies of the -openrc subpackage.
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.It Cm giturl
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Specifies the URL of the Git repository to use with
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.Cm abuild checkout .
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If the default branch of the repository is not desired, a different one may be
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specified by appending
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.Fl b Ar branch
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where
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.Cm branch
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is the branch to checkout.
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.El
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.Ss Functions
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Functions specified here may be present in any
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.Nm
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|
file, but with the exception of
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.Cm package ,
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are not strictly required.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm fetch
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|
This function is called to download the remote files in
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.Cm source .
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.It Cm unpack
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|
This function unpacks any archives in
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.Cm source
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to
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.Ev srcdir .
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.It Cm prepare
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Prepares the source in
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.Ev srcdir
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to be built.
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The default
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.Cm prepare
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function ensures the build directories are set up correctly and applies any
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*.patch files specified in
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.Cm source .
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You must call
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.Cm default_prepare
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if you write a custom
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.Cm prepare
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function.
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.It Cm build
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|
Compiles the source in
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.Ev builddir .
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You must implement this function yourself.
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If no compilation is required, you may omit it.
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.It Cm check
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Runs the package's test suite.
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This function must be implemented unless
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.Li !check
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was specified in
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.Cm options .
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.It Cm package
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Installs the package into
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.Ev pkgdir .
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Note that
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.Ev pkgdir
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is not created for you; if this package installs no files (for example, a
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metapackage), you must use
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.Li mkdir -p "$pkgdir"
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to skip the package phase.
|
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.El
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.Ss Install Scripts
|
|
An install script is run when an action is taken on a package by
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.Xr apk 8 .
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An install script must be written in shell and must have a
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.Li #!/bin/sh
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interpreter declaration as the first line.
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The
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.Cm install
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variable must contain the install scripts needed by the package.
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.Pp
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The install script will be run inside the root filesystem where the package is
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being installed.
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A single argument will be passed to all scripts, which is the version of the
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package being currently installed (or deinstalled).
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The pre-upgrade and post-upgrade scripts will have an additional second
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argument, which specifies the version of the package before the upgrade
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process.
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.Pp
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The different actions that may have install scripts specified are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ic $pkgname.pre-install
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Executed before the package is installed.
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If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code),
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.Xr apk 8
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|
will halt the installation and the package will not be installed.
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This install script is typically used to create any users or groups needed as
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described in
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.Cm pkggroups
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and
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.Cm pkgusers .
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.It Ic $pkgname.post-install
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Executed after the package is installed.
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If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code),
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.Xr apk 8
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will mark the package as broken.
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The
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.Li apk fix
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command will attempt to re-run the post-install script if this occurs.
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.It Ic $pkgname.pre-upgrade
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Executed before the package is upgraded.
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If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code),
|
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.Xr apk 8
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will mark the package as broken.
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.It Ic $pkgname.post-upgrade
|
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Executed after the package is upgraded.
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If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code),
|
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.Xr apk 8
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will mark the package as broken.
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The
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.Li apk fix
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|
command will attempt to re-run the post-upgrade script if this occurs.
|
|
.It Ic $pkgname.pre-deinstall
|
|
Executed before the package is removed from the system.
|
|
If this script exits with an error (non-zero exit code),
|
|
.Xr apk 8
|
|
will not remove the package from the system.
|
|
.It Ic $pkgname.post-deinstall
|
|
Executed after the package is removed from the system.
|
|
Exiting with an error will have no effect.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
|
|
Currently,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
files are sourced as normal shell scripts. This may change at a later date.
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr abuild 1
|
|
utility as distributed by Alpine uses the BusyBox Almquist shell, a part of
|
|
.Xr busybox 1
|
|
that is currently undocumented.
|
|
It is mostly compliant with
|
|
.St -p1003.2 ,
|
|
with some bash-like extensions.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr abuild 1
|
|
utility as distributed by Adélie uses the user's preferred /bin/sh, which is
|
|
typically
|
|
.Xr bash 1 .
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
SPDX license reference (on the Web at <https://spdx.org/licenses/>),
|
|
.Xr abuild 1 ,
|
|
.Xr newapkbuild 1 ,
|
|
.Xr apk 8 .
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
format and
|
|
.Xr abuild 1
|
|
utility first appeared in Alpine Linux 1.9.
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An Timo Teräs Aq Mt timo.teras@iki.fi
|
|
.An Natanael Copa Aq Mt ncopa@alpinelinux.org
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Documentation:
|
|
.An A. Wilcox Aq Mt awilfox@adelielinux.org
|
|
.\" .Sh BUGS
|
|
.\" if we end up finding bugs that should be documented, put them here.
|