It is important to clarify a common mistake. When people see a file with a .AVI extension, they immediately conclude that it is not an MPEG file. That is not true. At least not entirely. Contrary to popular belief such a file can contain MPEG1 video. You see, a codec is not the same as a file format. Examples of video codecs are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx. Examples of file formats are: MPG, AVI, ASF. In theory, you can put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio into an MPG format file. However, most players will not play it, since they expect MPEG1 video and MP2 audio (unlike AVI, MPG does not have the necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams). Or you might put MPEG1 video into an AVI file. FFmpeg and MEncoder can create these files. MPEG files come in different guises: MPG: This is the most basic form of the MPEG file formats. It contains MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or rarely MP1 audio. DAT: This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It is used on Video CDs. Due to the way VCDs are created and Linux is designed, the DAT files cannot be played nor copied from VCDs as regular files. You have to use vcd:// to play a Video CD. VOB: This is the MPEG file format on DVDs. It is the same as MPG, plus the capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG (AC3) audio. It contains encoded MPEG2 video and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too. Read the DVD section! Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like dd, cut), and it remains completely functional. One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe the aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have 480x480 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that it is played at 640x480. AVI files do not have this field, so they have to be rescaled during encoding or played with the -aspect option. Designed by Microsoft, AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) is a widespread multipurpose format currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4 video. It has many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in streaming). It supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams and can be as big as 2GB, but there exists an extension allowing bigger files called OpenDML. Microsoft currently strongly discourages its use and encourages ASF/WMV. Not that anybody cares. There is a hack that allows AVI files to contain an Ogg Vorbis audio stream, but makes them incompatible with standard AVI. MPlayer supports playing these files. Seeking is also implemented but severely hampered by badly encoded files with confusing headers. Unfortunately the only encoder currently capable of creating these files, NanDub, has this problem. DV cameras create raw DV streams that DV grabbing utilities convert to two different types of AVI files. The AVI will then contain either separate audio and video streams that MPlayer can play or the raw DV stream for which support is under development. There are two kinds of AVI files: Interleaved: Audio and video content is interleaved. This is the standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools create interleaved AVIs with bad sync. MPlayer detects these as interleaved, and this climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking. These files should be played as non-interleaved (with the -ni option). Non-interleaved: First comes the whole video stream, then the whole audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking, making playing from network or CD-ROM difficult. MPlayer supports two kinds of timings for AVI files: bps-based: It is based on the bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This method is used by most players, including avifile and Windows Media Player. Files with broken headers, and files created with VBR audio but not VBR-compliant encoder will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at seeking). interleaving-based: It does not use the bitrate value of the header, instead it uses the relative position of interleaved audio and video chunks, making badly encoded files with VBR audio playable. Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is uncommon and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also noticed that most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio. There are only two known exceptions: NanDub and MEncoder. ASF (Active Streaming Format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (Windows Media Player and Windows Media Encoder) and is very secret. v2.0 is published and patented :). Of course they differ, there is no compatibility at all (it is just another legal game). MPlayer supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen v2.0 files :). Note that ASF files nowadays come with the extension .WMA or .WMV. These formats were designed by Apple and can contain any codec, CBR or VBR. They usually have a .QT or .MOV extension. Note that since the MPEG4 group chose QuickTime as the recommended file format for MPEG4, their MOV files come with a .MPG or .MP4 extension (Interestingly the video and audio streams in these files are real MPG and AAC files. You can even extract them with the -dumpvideo and -dumpaudio options.). Most new QuickTime files use Sorenson video and QDesign Music audio. See our Sorenson codec section. MPlayer happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The biggest disadvantage of the format is that it has no index block, nor a fixed packet size or sync bytes and most files lack even keyframes, so forget seeking! The video codec of VIVO/1.0 files is standard h.263. The video codec of VIVO/2.0 files is a modified, nonstandard h.263v2. The audio is the same, it may be g.723 (standard), or Vivo Siren. See the VIVO video codec and VIVO audio codec sections for installation instructions. FLI is a very old file format used by Autodesk Animator, but it is a common file format for short animations on the net. MPlayer demuxes and decodes FLI movies and is even able to seek within them (useful when looping with the -loop option). FLI files do not have keyframes, so the picture will be messy for a short time after seeking. Yes, MPlayer can read (demux) RealMedia (.rm) files. Here are the lists of the supported RealVideo and RealAudio codecs. NuppelVideo is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). MPlayer can read its .NUV files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can contain uncompressed YV12, YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed frames. MPlayer decodes (and also encodes them with MEncoder to DivX/etc!) them all. Seeking works. yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2 is a file format used by the mjpegtools programs. You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these tools. The file format is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0 images. This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-ROM games. RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and Return to Castle Wolfenstein. This is a new fileformat from Xiphophorus. It can contain any video or audio codec, CBR or VBR. You'll need libogg and libvorbis installed before compiling MPlayer to be able to play it. SDP is an IETF standard format for describing video and/or audio RTP streams. (The "LIVE.COM Streaming Media" are required.) PVA is an MPEG-like format used by DVB TV boards' software (e.g.: MultiDec, WinTV under Windows). The PVA specifications can be downloaded from the following address: NSV (NullSoft Video) is the file format used by the Winamp player to stream audio and video. Video is VP3, VP5 or VP6, audio is MP3, AAC or VLB. The audio only version of NSV has the .nsa extension. MPlayer can play both NSV streams and files. Please note that most files from the Winamp site use VLB audio, that can't be decoded yet. Moreover streams from that site need an extra depacketization layer that still has to be implemented (those files are unplayable anyway because they use VLB audio). The GIF format is a common format for web graphics. There are two versions of the GIF spec, GIF87a and GIF89a. The main difference is that GIF89a allows for animation. MPlayer supports both formats through use of libungif or another libgif-compatible library. Non-animated GIFs will be displayed as single frame videos. (Use the -loop and -fixed-vo options to display these longer.) MPlayer currently does not support seeking in GIF files. GIF files do not necessarily have a fixed frame size, nor a fixed framerate. Rather, each frame is of independent size and is supposed to be positioned in a certain place on a field of fixed-size. The framerate is controlled by an optional block before each frame that specifies the next frame's delay in centiseconds. Standard GIF files contain 24-bit RGB frames with at most an 8-bit indexed palette. These frames are usually LZW-compressed, although some GIF encoders produce uncompressed frames to avoid patent issues with LZW compression. If your distribution does not come with libungif, download a copy from the libungif homepage. For detailed technical information, have a look at the GIF89a specification. MPlayer is a movie and not a media player, although it can play some audio file formats (they are listed in the sections below). This is not a recommended usage of MPlayer, you better use XMMS. You may have problems playing certain MP3 files that MPlayer will misdetect as MPEGs and play incorrectly or not at all. This cannot be fixed without dropping support for certain broken MPEG files and thus will remain like this for the foreseeable future. The -demuxer flag described in the man page may help you in these cases. Requires properly installed libogg and libvorbis. MPlayer can use cdparanoia to play CDDA (Audio CD). The scope of this section does not contain enumerating cdparanoia's features. See the man page's -cdda option which can be used to pass options to cdparanoia. MPlayer can use XMMS input plugins to play many file formats. There are plugins for SNES game tunes, SID tunes (from Commodore 64), many Amiga formats, .xm, .it, VQF, musepack, Bonk, shorten and many others. You can find them at the XMMS input plugin page. For this feature you need to have XMMS and compile MPlayer with ./configure --enable-xmms. If that does not work, you might need to set the XMMS plugin and library path explicitly by way of the --with-xmmsplugindir and --with-xmmslibdir options.