2020-05-12 21:51:54 +00:00
# C++ sucks
>C makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot; C++ makes it harder,
>but when you do, it blows away your whole leg.
--- Bjarne Stroustrup
>If you like C++, you don’ t know C++. There’ s a mutual exclusion going
>on here, and I’ ve yet to see a counter-example other than possibly a
>few of the members of the standards committee.
--- ssylvan
2020-07-05 02:14:31 +00:00
>I think maybe the guy who invented C++ doesn’ t know the difference
>between increment and excrement.
--- smcameron
2021-05-22 21:17:06 +00:00
>I invented the term object oriented, and I can tell you that C++
>wasn't what I had in mind.
--- Alan Kay
# Object oriented
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So automatically sucks.
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# Ugly syntax
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The only non-ugly part of C++ is the headers' name: iostream, cmath,
ctime, thread, etc. Unlike in C, where they are ugly as shit: stdio.h,
unistd.h, stdlib.h, pthreads.h...
But the rest of the language has the ugliest syntax that I've ever seen:
Hello world in C++
~~~
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
std::cout < < "Hello world!" < < std:endl ;
}
~~~
2020-06-17 20:11:19 +00:00
### What the FUCK was Bjarne smoking when he did this:
In C:
`printf("0x%04x\n", 0x424);`
In C++:
`std::cout << "0x" << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << 0x424 << std::endl;`
2020-05-12 21:51:54 +00:00
Now what the fuck is std:: and why do I have to write < < just to print some shit .
Note: you can skip the std:: part with ```using namespace std``` but this is a [bad practice ](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1452721/why-is-using-namespace-std-considered-bad-practice )
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# Error messages
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in the following code:
~~~
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
}
~~~
You get this error message:
< p class = "code" >
~~~
a.cc: In function ‘ int main()’ :
a.cc:5:13: error: no match for ‘ operator< ’ (operand types are ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } and ‘ const char [13]’ )
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ~~~~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| | |
| | const char [13]
| std::ostream {aka std::basic_ostream< char > }
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_algobase.h:64,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_pair.h:489:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _T1 , class _T2 > constexpr bool std::operator< (const std::pair< _T1 , _T2 > & , const std::pair< _T1 , _T2 > & )’
489 | operator< (const pair< _T1 , _T2 > & __x, const pair< _T1 , _T2 > & __y)
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_pair.h:489:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } is not derived from ‘ const std::pair< _T1 , _T2 > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:366:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _Iterator > bool std::operator< (const std::reverse_iterator< _Iterator > & , const std::reverse_iterator< _Iterator > & )’
366 | operator< (const reverse_iterator< _Iterator > & __x,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:366:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } is not derived from ‘ const std::reverse_iterator< _Iterator > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:404:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _IteratorL , class _IteratorR > bool std::operator< (const std::reverse_iterator< _Iterator > & , const std::reverse_iterator< _IteratorR > & )’
404 | operator< (const reverse_iterator< _IteratorL > & __x,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:404:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } is not derived from ‘ const std::reverse_iterator< _Iterator > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:1451:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _IteratorL , class _IteratorR > bool std::operator< (const std::move_iterator< _IteratorL > & , const std::move_iterator< _IteratorR > & )’
1451 | operator< (const move_iterator< _IteratorL > & __x,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:1451:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } is not derived from ‘ const std::move_iterator< _IteratorL > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_algobase.h:67,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:1507:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _Iterator > bool std::operator< (const std::move_iterator< _IteratorL > & , const std::move_iterator< _IteratorL > & )’
1507 | operator< (const move_iterator< _Iterator > & __x,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/stl_iterator.h:1507:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } is not derived from ‘ const std::move_iterator< _IteratorL > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/string:55,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:42,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/basic_string.h:6267:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _CharT , class _Traits , class _Alloc > bool std::operator< (const std::__cxx11::basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > & , const std::__cxx11::basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > & )’
6267 | operator< (const basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > & __lhs,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/basic_string.h:6267:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } is not derived from ‘ const std::__cxx11::basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/string:55,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:42,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/basic_string.h:6280:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _CharT , class _Traits , class _Alloc > bool std::operator< (const std::__cxx11::basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > & , const _CharT*)’
6280 | operator< (const basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > & __lhs,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/basic_string.h:6280:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } is not derived from ‘ const std::__cxx11::basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/string:55,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:42,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/basic_string.h:6292:5: note: candidate: ‘ template< class _CharT , class _Traits , class _Alloc > bool std::operator< (const _CharT*, const std::__cxx11::basic_string< _CharT , _Traits , _Alloc > & )’
6292 | operator< (const _CharT* __lhs,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/basic_string.h:6292:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
a.cc:5:15: note: mismatched types ‘ const _CharT*’ and ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/bits/ios_base.h:46,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ios:42,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/ostream:38,
from /usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/iostream:39,
from a.cc:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/system_error:252:3: note: candidate: ‘ bool std::operator< (const std::error_code& , const std::error_code& )’
252 | operator< (const error_code& __lhs, const error_code& __rhs) noexcept
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/system_error:252:31: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } to ‘ const std::error_code& ’
252 | operator< (const error_code& __lhs, const error_code& __rhs) noexcept
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/system_error:379:3: note: candidate: ‘ bool std::operator< (const std::error_condition& , const std::error_condition& )’
379 | operator< (const error_condition& __lhs,
| ^~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/c++/10.0.1/system_error:379:36: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘ std::ostream’ {aka ‘ std::basic_ostream< char > ’ } to ‘ const std::error_condition& ’
379 | operator< (const error_condition& __lhs,
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~
a.cc:5:35: error: found ‘ :’ in nested-name-specifier, expected ‘ ::’
5 | std::cout < "Hello world!" < std:endl ;
| ^
| ::
~~~
< / p >
(In GCC)
2021-05-22 21:17:06 +00:00
# Objects are stupid
```
std::string spurdo = "sparde"
```
where spurdo is an object
`spurdo.c_str() // converts the string to a C '\0' terminated
string.`
In C, strings are an array of chars, in C++, they're an object, with
methods.
# Compatibilty
2020-05-12 21:51:54 +00:00
C++ is "compatible" with C
But this can break most C programs
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# A sad story about c++ executables
~~~
< lucy > try to strip the executable
< lucy > Did it change anything?
< qorg11 > strip?
< lucy > "strip a.out"
< lucy > It removes unused stuff
< lucy > like debug symbols and similar
< qorg11 > qorg@satania ~> md5sum a.out
cd1cc93ac2ea0c8129042e96ae7d65e7 a.out
qorg@satania ~> strip a.out
qorg@satania ~> md5sum a.out
e6e6e1ea132edb67c6005e703ebe7c81 a.out
< qorg11 > yeah?
< lucy > and now compare the assembly code
< qorg11 > how
< qorg11 > do i disassembly it or what
< lucy > how did you do it before?
< qorg11 > g++ -S
< qorg11 > lol
< lucy > oof
< lucy > maybe just compare the filesize
< qorg11 > qorg@satania ~> gcc mtx.c -lcurses -lpthread
qorg@satania ~> du -h a.out
24K a.out
< qorg11 > qorg@satania ~> g++ mtx.cc -lcurses -pthread
qorg@satania ~> du -h a.out
40K a.out
< qorg11 > now with -Os
< qorg11 > qorg@satania ~> gcc mtx.c -lcurses -lpthread -Os
qorg@satania ~> du -h a.out
24K a.out
< qorg11 > lol
< qorg11 > qorg@satania ~> g++ mtx.cc -lcurses -pthread -Os
qorg@satania ~> du -h a.out
24K a.out
< qorg11 > congrats c++!
< qorg11 > exact filesize: 23488 (according to stat)
< lucy > now the stripped versions
< qorg11 > stat'd c version: 21520
< qorg11 > stripped c++ 14680
< qorg11 > stripped c: 14472
< lucy > a considerably smaller difference
< lucy > So c++ is bloated up with debug symbols, awesome
< qorg11 > lol
< qorg11 > can i take a log of this and put it in kill-9.xyz/harmful/software/c++?
~~~