diff --git a/libavcodec/adx.h b/libavcodec/adx.h
index 85b35d15be..b28d09a32e 100644
--- a/libavcodec/adx.h
+++ b/libavcodec/adx.h
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ typedef struct ADXChannelState {
 } ADXChannelState;
 
 typedef struct ADXContext {
-    AVFrame frame;
     int channels;
     ADXChannelState prev[2];
     int header_parsed;
diff --git a/libavcodec/adxdec.c b/libavcodec/adxdec.c
index 0130628af7..aebf6910c9 100644
--- a/libavcodec/adxdec.c
+++ b/libavcodec/adxdec.c
@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@ static av_cold int adx_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 
     avctx->sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16P;
 
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&c->frame);
-    avctx->coded_frame = &c->frame;
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -98,6 +95,7 @@ static int adx_decode(ADXContext *c, int16_t *out, int offset,
 static int adx_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
                             int *got_frame_ptr, AVPacket *avpkt)
 {
+    AVFrame *frame      = data;
     int buf_size        = avpkt->size;
     ADXContext *c       = avctx->priv_data;
     int16_t **samples;
@@ -143,12 +141,12 @@ static int adx_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
     }
 
     /* get output buffer */
-    c->frame.nb_samples = num_blocks * BLOCK_SAMPLES;
-    if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, &c->frame)) < 0) {
+    frame->nb_samples = num_blocks * BLOCK_SAMPLES;
+    if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, frame)) < 0) {
         av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "get_buffer() failed\n");
         return ret;
     }
-    samples = (int16_t **)c->frame.extended_data;
+    samples = (int16_t **)frame->extended_data;
     samples_offset = 0;
 
     while (num_blocks--) {
@@ -164,8 +162,7 @@ static int adx_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
         samples_offset += BLOCK_SAMPLES;
     }
 
-    *got_frame_ptr   = 1;
-    *(AVFrame *)data = c->frame;
+    *got_frame_ptr = 1;
 
     return buf - avpkt->data;
 }
diff --git a/libavcodec/adxenc.c b/libavcodec/adxenc.c
index 8514a0c9b1..fb8e06deb3 100644
--- a/libavcodec/adxenc.c
+++ b/libavcodec/adxenc.c
@@ -107,6 +107,14 @@ static int adx_encode_header(AVCodecContext *avctx, uint8_t *buf, int bufsize)
     return HEADER_SIZE;
 }
 
+#if FF_API_OLD_ENCODE_AUDIO
+static av_cold int adx_encode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    av_freep(&avctx->coded_frame);
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 static av_cold int adx_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 {
     ADXContext *c = avctx->priv_data;
@@ -118,8 +126,8 @@ static av_cold int adx_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
     avctx->frame_size = BLOCK_SAMPLES;
 
 #if FF_API_OLD_ENCODE_AUDIO
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&c->frame);
-    avctx->coded_frame = &c->frame;
+    if (!(avctx->coded_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame()))
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
 #endif
 
     /* the cutoff can be adjusted, but this seems to work pretty well */
@@ -167,6 +175,9 @@ AVCodec ff_adpcm_adx_encoder = {
     .id             = AV_CODEC_ID_ADPCM_ADX,
     .priv_data_size = sizeof(ADXContext),
     .init           = adx_encode_init,
+#if FF_API_OLD_ENCODE_AUDIO
+    .close          = adx_encode_close,
+#endif
     .encode2        = adx_encode_frame,
     .sample_fmts    = (const enum AVSampleFormat[]) { AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16,
                                                       AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE },
diff --git a/libavcodec/alac.c b/libavcodec/alac.c
index 180ef53105..f8ac560cb8 100644
--- a/libavcodec/alac.c
+++ b/libavcodec/alac.c
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 
 typedef struct {
     AVCodecContext *avctx;
-    AVFrame frame;
     GetBitContext gb;
     int channels;
 
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ static void append_extra_bits(int32_t *buffer[2], int32_t *extra_bits_buffer[2],
             buffer[ch][i] = (buffer[ch][i] << extra_bits) | extra_bits_buffer[ch][i];
 }
 
-static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int ch_index,
+static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVFrame *frame, int ch_index,
                           int channels)
 {
     ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;
@@ -289,8 +288,8 @@ static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int ch_index,
     }
     if (!alac->nb_samples) {
         /* get output buffer */
-        alac->frame.nb_samples = output_samples;
-        if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, &alac->frame)) < 0) {
+        frame->nb_samples = output_samples;
+        if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, frame)) < 0) {
             av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "get_buffer() failed\n");
             return ret;
         }
@@ -302,7 +301,7 @@ static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int ch_index,
     alac->nb_samples = output_samples;
     if (alac->direct_output) {
         for (ch = 0; ch < channels; ch++)
-            alac->output_samples_buffer[ch] = (int32_t *)alac->frame.extended_data[ch_index + ch];
+            alac->output_samples_buffer[ch] = (int32_t *)frame->extended_data[ch_index + ch];
     }
 
     if (is_compressed) {
@@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int ch_index,
     switch(alac->sample_size) {
     case 16: {
         for (ch = 0; ch < channels; ch++) {
-            int16_t *outbuffer = (int16_t *)alac->frame.extended_data[ch_index + ch];
+            int16_t *outbuffer = (int16_t *)frame->extended_data[ch_index + ch];
             for (i = 0; i < alac->nb_samples; i++)
                 *outbuffer++ = alac->output_samples_buffer[ch][i];
         }}
@@ -405,7 +404,7 @@ static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int ch_index,
     }else{
         switch(alac->sample_size) {
         case 16: {
-            int16_t *outbuffer = ((int16_t *)alac->frame.extended_data[0]) + ch_index;
+            int16_t *outbuffer = ((int16_t *)frame->extended_data[0]) + ch_index;
             for (i = 0; i < alac->nb_samples; i++) {
                 for (ch = 0; ch < channels; ch++)
                     *outbuffer++ = alac->output_samples_buffer[ch][i];
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int ch_index,
             }
             break;
         case 24: {
-            int32_t *outbuffer = ((int32_t *)alac->frame.extended_data[0]) + ch_index;
+            int32_t *outbuffer = ((int32_t *)frame->extended_data[0]) + ch_index;
             for (i = 0; i < alac->nb_samples; i++) {
                 for (ch = 0; ch < channels; ch++)
                     *outbuffer++ = alac->output_samples_buffer[ch][i] << 8;
@@ -423,7 +422,7 @@ static int decode_element(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int ch_index,
             }
             break;
         case 32: {
-            int32_t *outbuffer = ((int32_t *)alac->frame.extended_data[0]) + ch_index;
+            int32_t *outbuffer = ((int32_t *)frame->extended_data[0]) + ch_index;
             for (i = 0; i < alac->nb_samples; i++) {
                 for (ch = 0; ch < channels; ch++)
                     *outbuffer++ = alac->output_samples_buffer[ch][i];
@@ -441,6 +440,7 @@ static int alac_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
                              int *got_frame_ptr, AVPacket *avpkt)
 {
     ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVFrame *frame    = data;
     enum AlacRawDataBlockType element;
     int channels;
     int ch, ret, got_end;
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ static int alac_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
             return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
         }
 
-        ret = decode_element(avctx, data,
+        ret = decode_element(avctx, frame,
                              ff_alac_channel_layout_offsets[alac->channels - 1][ch],
                              channels);
         if (ret < 0 && get_bits_left(&alac->gb))
@@ -487,8 +487,7 @@ static int alac_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
                avpkt->size * 8 - get_bits_count(&alac->gb));
     }
 
-    *got_frame_ptr   = 1;
-    *(AVFrame *)data = alac->frame;
+    *got_frame_ptr = 1;
 
     return avpkt->size;
 }
@@ -616,9 +615,6 @@ static av_cold int alac_decode_init(AVCodecContext * avctx)
         return ret;
     }
 
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&alac->frame);
-    avctx->coded_frame = &alac->frame;
-
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/libavcodec/alsdec.c b/libavcodec/alsdec.c
index 524be227b3..a6d70d44e2 100644
--- a/libavcodec/alsdec.c
+++ b/libavcodec/alsdec.c
@@ -192,7 +192,6 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef struct {
     AVCodecContext *avctx;
-    AVFrame frame;
     ALSSpecificConfig sconf;
     GetBitContext gb;
     DSPContext dsp;
@@ -1450,6 +1449,7 @@ static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int *got_frame_ptr,
                         AVPacket *avpkt)
 {
     ALSDecContext *ctx       = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVFrame *frame           = data;
     ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
     const uint8_t *buffer    = avpkt->data;
     int buffer_size          = avpkt->size;
@@ -1479,8 +1479,8 @@ static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int *got_frame_ptr,
     ctx->frame_id++;
 
     /* get output buffer */
-    ctx->frame.nb_samples = ctx->cur_frame_length;
-    if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, &ctx->frame)) < 0) {
+    frame->nb_samples = ctx->cur_frame_length;
+    if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, frame)) < 0) {
         av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "get_buffer() failed.\n");
         return ret;
     }
@@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int *got_frame_ptr,
     // transform decoded frame into output format
     #define INTERLEAVE_OUTPUT(bps)                                                   \
     {                                                                                \
-        int##bps##_t *dest = (int##bps##_t*)ctx->frame.data[0];                      \
+        int##bps##_t *dest = (int##bps##_t*)frame->data[0];                          \
         shift = bps - ctx->avctx->bits_per_raw_sample;                               \
         if (!ctx->cs_switch) {                                                       \
             for (sample = 0; sample < ctx->cur_frame_length; sample++)               \
@@ -1512,7 +1512,7 @@ static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int *got_frame_ptr,
         int swap = HAVE_BIGENDIAN != sconf->msb_first;
 
         if (ctx->avctx->bits_per_raw_sample == 24) {
-            int32_t *src = (int32_t *)ctx->frame.data[0];
+            int32_t *src = (int32_t *)frame->data[0];
 
             for (sample = 0;
                  sample < ctx->cur_frame_length * avctx->channels;
@@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int *got_frame_ptr,
 
             if (swap) {
                 if (ctx->avctx->bits_per_raw_sample <= 16) {
-                    int16_t *src  = (int16_t*) ctx->frame.data[0];
+                    int16_t *src  = (int16_t*) frame->data[0];
                     int16_t *dest = (int16_t*) ctx->crc_buffer;
                     for (sample = 0;
                          sample < ctx->cur_frame_length * avctx->channels;
@@ -1541,12 +1541,12 @@ static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int *got_frame_ptr,
                         *dest++ = av_bswap16(src[sample]);
                 } else {
                     ctx->dsp.bswap_buf((uint32_t*)ctx->crc_buffer,
-                                       (uint32_t *)ctx->frame.data[0],
+                                       (uint32_t *)frame->data[0],
                                        ctx->cur_frame_length * avctx->channels);
                 }
                 crc_source = ctx->crc_buffer;
             } else {
-                crc_source = ctx->frame.data[0];
+                crc_source = frame->data[0];
             }
 
             ctx->crc = av_crc(ctx->crc_table, ctx->crc, crc_source,
@@ -1562,9 +1562,7 @@ static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int *got_frame_ptr,
         }
     }
 
-    *got_frame_ptr   = 1;
-    *(AVFrame *)data = ctx->frame;
-
+    *got_frame_ptr = 1;
 
     bytes_read = invalid_frame ? buffer_size :
                                  (get_bits_count(&ctx->gb) + 7) >> 3;
@@ -1761,9 +1759,6 @@ static av_cold int decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 
     ff_dsputil_init(&ctx->dsp, avctx);
 
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&ctx->frame);
-    avctx->coded_frame = &ctx->frame;
-
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/libavcodec/amrnbdec.c b/libavcodec/amrnbdec.c
index 7399c9ffa4..6e14a60843 100644
--- a/libavcodec/amrnbdec.c
+++ b/libavcodec/amrnbdec.c
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@
 #define AMR_AGC_ALPHA      0.9
 
 typedef struct AMRContext {
-    AVFrame                         avframe; ///< AVFrame for decoded samples
     AMRNBFrame                        frame; ///< decoded AMR parameters (lsf coefficients, codebook indexes, etc)
     uint8_t             bad_frame_indicator; ///< bad frame ? 1 : 0
     enum Mode                cur_frame_mode;
@@ -185,9 +184,6 @@ static av_cold int amrnb_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
         p->prediction_error[i] = MIN_ENERGY;
 
-    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&p->avframe);
-    avctx->coded_frame = &p->avframe;
-
     ff_acelp_filter_init(&p->acelpf_ctx);
     ff_acelp_vectors_init(&p->acelpv_ctx);
     ff_celp_filter_init(&p->celpf_ctx);
@@ -954,6 +950,7 @@ static int amrnb_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
 {
 
     AMRContext *p = avctx->priv_data;        // pointer to private data
+    AVFrame *frame     = data;
     const uint8_t *buf = avpkt->data;
     int buf_size       = avpkt->size;
     float *buf_out;                          // pointer to the output data buffer
@@ -965,12 +962,12 @@ static int amrnb_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
     const float *synth_fixed_vector;         // pointer to the fixed vector that synthesis should use
 
     /* get output buffer */
-    p->avframe.nb_samples = AMR_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, &p->avframe)) < 0) {
+    frame->nb_samples = AMR_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    if ((ret = ff_get_buffer(avctx, frame)) < 0) {
         av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "get_buffer() failed\n");
         return ret;
     }
-    buf_out = (float *)p->avframe.data[0];
+    buf_out = (float *)frame->data[0];
 
     p->cur_frame_mode = unpack_bitstream(p, buf, buf_size);
     if (p->cur_frame_mode == NO_DATA) {
@@ -1078,8 +1075,7 @@ static int amrnb_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
     p->acelpv_ctx.weighted_vector_sumf(p->lsf_avg, p->lsf_avg, p->lsf_q[3],
                             0.84, 0.16, LP_FILTER_ORDER);
 
-    *got_frame_ptr   = 1;
-    *(AVFrame *)data = p->avframe;
+    *got_frame_ptr = 1;
 
     /* return the amount of bytes consumed if everything was OK */
     return frame_sizes_nb[p->cur_frame_mode] + 1; // +7 for rounding and +8 for TOC